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Effects of LED light spectrum on the growth and energy use efficiency of eggplant transplants

International Journal of agricultural and Biological engineering 2023年第3期16卷 23-29页

作者： Hao Yang Ting Wang Fang Ji Qing Zhou Jianfeng Wang Key Laboratory of Agricultural Engineering in Structure and Environment of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs College of Water Resources&Civil EngineeringChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100083China Jilin Academy of Vegetable and Flower Sciences Key Laboratory of Facility VegetableChangchun 130119China

To enhance the transplants’growth and reduce energy use efficiency,Eggplant(Solanum melongena L.)transplants(*** 21)were cultivated in a plant factory laboratory under different LED light *** experimental treatments included white plus blue LED lights(R:B=0.5,WB0.5),white LED lights(R:B=0.9,W0.9),white plus red LED lights(R:B=2.7,WR2.7),white plus red plus UV lights(R:B=3.8,WRUV3.8),and red plus blue plus green LED lights(R:B=5.4,RBG5.4).The transplants were grown for 30 d under a light intensity of 250μmol/m2·s and a photoperiod of 16 h/*** morphological indicators and biomass accumulation of eggplant transplants were significantly higher in the W0.9 treatment compared to the other experimental *** photosynthetic quantum yield in the W0.9 treatment exhibited an increase of over 22%compared to that in the WR2.7 *** shoot dry weight of the W0.9 treatment reached(381±41)mg/plant and the leaf area was(113.3±8.9)cm^(2),indicating a higher health index compared to the other ***,there were no significant differences in the net photosynthetic rate of the leaves among all *** energy yield(EY)of the W0.9 treatment was(37.7±1.8)g/kW·h,which was higher than ***,considering the high quality of transplants and the maximization of energy use efficiency,the LED light spectrum in the eggplant transplants production was recommended to the white LED light with an R:B ratio of 0.9.

关键词： eggplant transplants LED light spectrum growth energy use efficiency

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Revised Gini coefficient: a new index to evaluate the environmental parameter distribution in poultry buildings 11

Revised Gini coefficient: a new index to evaluate the enviro...

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11th European Conference on Precision Livestock Farming

作者： Zhao, Mengwei Xiao, Pan Liang, Chao Wang, Chaoyuan College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering China Agricultural University Beijing100083 China Key Laboratory of Agricultural Engineering in Structure and Environment Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Beijing100083 China

ISBN: (纸本)9791221067361

The traditional coefficient of variation (CV) is widely used to evaluate the non-uniformity of environmental parameter distribution in buildings. However, CV has no benchmark, no unified comparison criterion, and is still affected by dimension, leading to limited applications. To overcome these issues, this study proposes a revised Gini coefficient through Min-Max normalization to enhance the evaluation of non-uniformity. CFD simulations were conducted to obtain the velocity and temperature distributions in a commercial broiler building with two typical ventilation systems (i.e., cross ventilation and tunnel ventilation). The non-uniformity of indoor velocity and temperature distributions was evaluated using both CV and the revised Gini coefficient. The results show that: (1) The revised Gini coefficient provides a clear boundary (i.e., [0, 1]), the maximum value of which is 0.604 (but 2.105 for CV) in the calculation results. (2) The revised Gini coefficient can eliminate the dimensional influence, which makes the distribution uniformity between different environmental parameters more equitable. © 2024 11th European Conference on Precision Livestock Farming. All rights reserved.

关键词： Green buildings

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Effects of Biowaste-Derived Hydrochar on Anaerobic Digestion:Insights into Hydrochar Characteristics

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Journal of Renewable Materials 2023年第10期11卷 3647-3657页

作者： Hongqiong Zhang Xu Wang Zhaojing Qian Buchun Si Kai Jin Tengfei Wang Key Laboratory of Agricultural Renewable Resource Utilization Technology College of EngineeringNortheast Agriculture UniversityHarbin150030China College of Engineering Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbin150030China College of Food Science Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbin150030China Laboratory of Environment-Enhancing Energy(E2E) Key Laboratory of Agricultural Engineering in Structure and EnvironmentMinistry of AgricultureCollege of Water Resources and Civil EngineeringChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100083China Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering Southwest Jiao Tong UniversityChengdu611756China

Hydrochar prepared with four typical biowastes,pine wood,food waste,digested sewage sludge,and Chlorella were applied for the promotion of anaerobic *** gas production and substrate composition were analyzed associated with the hydrochar *** results suggested that Chlorella hydrochar(C-C)showed the highest cumulative yield of methane(approximately 345 mL)with high total organic carbon(TOC)removal efficiency and low volatile fatty acids(VAFs)***,food waste hydrochar(F-C)showed a poor effect on anaerobic digestion and aroused 1.4–1.6 g/L accumulation of VAFs,in which the toxic components may account for the low *** C-C and sludge hydrochar(S-C)may develop direct interspecific electron transport(DIET)to facilitate the generation of methane by both surface groups and conductivity of the body structure,unlike pinewood hydrochar(P-C),which mainly depended on the aromatic matrix structure of hydrochar *** work suggested that C-C can be the best candidate for the facilitation of anaerobic digestion,and N-containing biowaste like algae and lignocellulose like pine wood may establish different DIET pathways based on the physicochemical characteristics of hydrochar.

关键词： Biowaste hydrochar DIET anaerobic digestion methane

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Behavioural recognition model for laying hens based on skeletal feature points 11

Behavioural recognition model for laying hens based on skele...

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11th European Conference on Precision Livestock Farming

作者： Peng, Yin Siqi, Wei Qin, Tong Baoming, Li Yujia, Chen Yang, Wang College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering China Agricultural University Beijing100083 China Key Laboratory of Agricultural Engineering in Structure and Environment Ministry of Agriculture Beijing100083 China Beijing Engineering Research Center for Animal Healthy Environment Beijing100083 China

ISBN: (纸本)9791221067361

The behavioural expressions of poultry serve as vital indicators of health and welfare. In this study, an individual behaviour recognition model for laying hens was developed by analyzing the distribution characteristics of skeletal feature points. This model successfully categorized behaviours such as standing, preening, wing flap, and resting. Three experimental cages, each housing 10 laying hens at 0-20 wk of age, were established in the laboratory for the purpose of recording video data capturing the behavioural expressions of the flock. A dataset was compiled by manually selecting image frames representing each target behaviour, resulting in a total of 937 frames. We employed a deep convolutional neural network model to detect the 8 feature points on the hen's body. These continuously extracted key points were rendered as grayscale images and then fed into an improved 1D-CNN model, enabling classification based on the distribution characteristics of each feature point. The test error for the 8 feature points on the hen's body was 10.13 pixel. The improved 1D-CNN model achieved an overall classification accuracy of 86.02%. The classification accuracy for standing, preening, wing flap, and resting behaviours was 85.19%, 96.30%, 92.59%, and 84.31%, respectively. In summary, the individual behaviour recognition model for laying hens, based on skeletal feature points, served as an automated and non-invasive monitoring method. © 2024 11th European Conference on Precision Livestock Farming. All rights reserved.

关键词： Deep neural networks

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Waste bio-tar based N-doped porous carbon for supercapacitors under dual activation:performance,mechanism,and assessment

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Biochar 2023年第1期5卷 1559-1573页

作者： Jixiu Jia Yuxuan Sun Zhidan Liu Ziyun Liu Lili Huo Kang Kang Yanan Zhao Lixin Zhao Teng Xie Maojiong Cao Zonglu Yao Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Green Agriculture in North China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs P.R.China.Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in AgricultureCAASBeijing 100081China Laboratory of Environment-Enhancing Energy(E2E) Key Laboratory of Agricultural Engineering in Structure and EnvironmentMinistry of College of Water Resources and Civil EngineeringChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100083China Biorefining Research Institute(BRI)and Department of Chemical Engineering Lakehead UniversityThunder BayON P7B 5E1Canada

Bio-tar extra-produced from biomass pyrolysis is prone to pose a threat to environment and human health.A novel N-doped porous electrode from bio-tar was produced under dual-activation of urea and KOH in this *** dual-activation played significant roles in N-functional group and micro-mesoporous structure,which resulted in the carbon material with the highest of nitrogen content(4.08%)and the special surface area(1298.26 m^(2)·g^(−1)).Specifically,the potential mechanisms of pore formation and N-doping in the one-pot dual-activation strategy were also proposed as a consequence,the one-pot dual-activated carbon material displayed excellent electrochemical performance with the highest capacitance of 309.5 F·g^(−1) at 0.5 A·g^(−1),and the unipolar specific capacitance remained with cyclic characteristics of 80.1%after 10,000 cycles in two-electrode symmetric ***,the one-pot dual-activation strategy could create a profit of$1.64-$2.38 per kilogram of bio-tar processed without considering the initial investment and labor costs,which provides new perspectives for the utilization of waste bio-tar.

关键词： Bio-tar Dual activation Techno-economic assessment Porous carbon N-doping Supercapacitors

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Adoption of open source software on gas emission and digital twin design of livestock housing 11

Adoption of open source software on gas emission and digital...

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11th European Conference on Precision Livestock Farming

作者： Liu, Kai Wang, Yulin Liang, Wei Li, Hao Shi, Zhengxiang College of Water Resources & Civil Engineering China Agricultural University Qing-hua East Road 17 100083 China Key Laboratory of Agricultural Engineering in Structure and Environment Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Beijing100083 China Beijing Engineering Research Center on Animal Healthy Environment Beijing1 0008-3 China

ISBN: (纸本)9791221067361

Animal production is affected by the environmental air flow organization, and the emission of polluting gases in production process has a huge impact on the environment and production itself, which requires computational fluid dynamics(CFD) simulation to reflect the situation and solve problems. In addition, open source software is an automatic and economical choice for engineers to adapt to complex workflow, but the accuracy of open source software still needs to be evaluated. Mainly based on the open source software OpenFOAM and Blender, this study aims to develop a digital twin process method, in order to visually represent the production status and environmental airflow field of livestock housing. Prior to developing the method, this paper investigates the accuracy of OpenFOAM in simulating gas species transport, specifically focusing on the distribution data of ammonia and methane obtained from experiments conducted in realistic dairy barn settings. Then, Blender is used to create a detailed digital twin model that showcases the dairy barn production scenarios, which will be presented in virtual reality (VR). Additionally, it integrates OpenFOAM post-processing results to visualize the aerodynamic environment details within livestock farm environments. The results show that OpenFOAM can accurately simulate the gas emissions of livestock housing, and the Blender and OpenFOAM can be combined to visually represent the production status and production environment of livestock farms through virtual reality (VR). © 2024 11th European Conference on Precision Livestock Farming. All rights reserved.

关键词： Digital storage

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Research progress on animal environment and welfare

Animal Research and One Health

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Animal Research and One Health 2023年第1期1卷 78-91页

作者： Li, Baoming Wang, Yang Rong, Li Zheng, Weichao College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering China Agricultural University Key Laboratory of Agricultural Engineering in Structure and Environment Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Beijing China Beijing Engineering Research Center for Livestock and Poultry Healthy Environment Beijing China Section of Building Science Department of Civil and Architectural Engineering Aarhus University Aarhus C Denmark

Animal welfare closely depends on its ability to adapt and thrive in a harmonious relationship with its environment, ensuring both physical and psychological well-being. Over the years, the welfare of farm animals has gathered global attention and has become increasingly important to the general public and scientific communities. The connection between the environment and animal welfare is primarily established through the provision of suitable and controllable environment for animals. However, it is essential to recognize that the impact of environment extends beyond merely ensuring freedom from discomfort. The environment plays a crucial role in shaping an animal's response to challenges such as disease, stress, and pathogen. While animals may be housed in controlled environments that provide optimal conditions for health, production, and welfare, it is important to acknowledge that specific scenarios can significantly affect and alter the environmental requirements. Even with access to fresh air, certain factors can have a substantial impact on the well-being of animals. Furthermore, providing appropriate environmental conditions goes beyond meeting basic needs and can greatly contribute to allowing animals to engage in their natural behaviors. It serves as a relevant tool for ensuring and maintaining adequate welfare standards. This review takes a comprehensive approach to environmental welfare by considering the welfare of animals managed in different stocking systems, considering environmental stress, stocking systems, and the provision of environmental enrichment items. By examining these factors, a broader understanding of the relationship between environment and welfare is achieved and recommendations for future research are outlined. © 2023 The Authors. Animal Research and One Health published by John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd on behalf of Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of agricultural Sciences.

关键词： animal welfare behavior environment environmental enrichment items livestock farming

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Performances of an air thermal energy utilization system developed with fan-coil units in large-scale plastic tunnels covered with external blanket

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International Journal of agricultural and Biological engineering 2022年第5期15卷 56-62页

作者： Chengji Zong Zibin Xiao Weitang Song Pingzhi Wang Guifang Zhang Ming Li College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100083China Yinchuan Xingqing District Agricultural Technology Extension Center Yinchuan750001China Key Laboratory of Agricultural Engineering in Structure and Environment Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsBeijing 10008

To improve the problem of low temperature at night in winter due to the lack of thermal storage in large-span plastic tunnels,an air thermal energy utilization system(ATEUS)was developed with fan-coil units to heat a large-scale plastic tunnel covered with an external blanket(LPTEB)on winter *** ATEUS was composed of nine fan-coil units mounted on top of the LPTEB,a water reservoir,pipes,and a water circulation *** the heat exchange between the air and the water flowing through the coils,the thermal energy from the air can be collected in the daytime,or the thermal energy in the water can be released into the LPTEB at *** sunny days,the collected thermal energy from the air in the daytime(E_(c))and released thermal energy at night(E_(r))were 0.25-0.44 MJ/m^(2) and 0.24-0.38 MJ/m^(2),*** ATEUS as a heating system,its coefficient of performance(COP),which is the ratio of the heat consumption of LPTEB to the power consumption of ATEUS,ranged from 1.6-2.1.A dynamic model was also developed to simulate the water temperature(T_(w)).Based on the simulation,E_(c) and E_(r) on sunny days can be increased by 60%-73%and 38%-62%,respectively,by diminishing the heat loss of the water reservoir and increasing the indoor air temperature in the period of collecting thermal ***,the COP can reach 2.6-3.8,and the developed ATEUS can be applied to heating the LPTEB in a way that conserves energy.

关键词： large scale plastic tunnel air thermal energy utilization system energy conservation COP

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Renewable biomass reinvigorates sustainable water-energy nexus

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Science Bulletin 2024年第16期69卷 2543-2554页

作者： Hongxu Chen Jiatao Xu Zhiyong Jason Ren Hailong Lin Leli Zhang EReaihan Yanhao Yuan Zihan Wang Zhidan Liu Laboratory of Environment-Enhancing Energy(E2E) College of Water Resources and Civil EngineeringChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100083China Key Laboratory of Agricultural Engineering in Structure and Environment Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsBeijing 100083China Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Princeton UniversityPrinceton NJ 08544USA Andlinger Center for Energy and the Environment Princeton UniversityPrinceton NJ 08544USA Department of Earth and Environmental Engineering Columbia UniversityNew York NY 10027USA State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Agricultural Water Resources Beijing 100083China

The water-energy nexus has garnered worldwide *** dual-functional research aimed at coproducing freshwater and electricity faces significant challenges,including sub-optimal capacities("1+1<2"),poor inter-functional coordination,high carbon footprints,and large *** water-toelectricity conversions are often compromised owing to functionality separation and erratic ***,we present a sustainable strategy based on renewable biomass that addresses these issues by jointly achieving competitive solar-evaporative desalination and robust clean electricity *** hydrothermally activated basswood,our solar desalination exceeded the 100% efficiency bottleneck even under reduced solar *** simple size-tuning,we achieved a high evaporation rate of 3.56 kg h^(-1)m^(-2)and an efficiency of 149.1%,representing 128%-251% of recent values without sophisticated surface *** incorporating an electron-ion nexus with interfacial Faradaic electron circulation and co-ion-predominated micro-tunnel hydrodynamic flow,we leveraged free energy from evaporation to generate long-term electricity(0.38 W m^(-3)for over 14 d),approximately 322% of peer performance *** inter-functional nexus strengthened dual functionalities and validated general engineering *** presented strategy holds significant promise for global human–society–environment sustainability.

关键词： Biomass Water-energy nexus Solar desalination Clean energy Hydrothermal carbonization Sustainable development

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Effects of light intensity and LED spectrum on the medicinal component accumulation of hydroponic Hypericum perforatum *** controlled environments

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International Journal of agricultural and Biological engineering 2022年第5期15卷 63-69页

作者： Wei Gao Dongxian He Jianfeng Zheng Yan Li College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100083China Key Laboratory of Agricultural Engineering in Structure and Environment Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsBeijing 100083China Kunming Da Cun Sci-Tech Co. LtdKunming 650000China

Medicinal components of Hypericum perforatum *** varies widely due to fluctuations in growth environment and biotic and abiotic contamination during cultivation *** quality of extracts or preparations is difficult to control because of the unstable raw *** aim of this study is to enhance the yield and medicinal component contents of *** by optimizing lighting factors under controlled *** plants were hydroponically cultivated for 30 d under 3 levels of photosynthetic photon flux density(PPFD)with 200,300,and 400μmol/(m^(2)·s)using white LEDs(R:B ratio is the ratio of red light to blue light,R:B ratio of 0.9 and 1.8)and white plus red LED(R:B ratio of 2.7).The results showed that PPFD and LED spectrum had significant effects on the growth and accumulation of medicinal components of *** accumulation of stem,leaf,and root increased linearly with the increase of PPFD under each LED *** weights and dry weights of stem,leaf,and root were significantly higher under a PPFD of 400μmol/(m^(2)·s)with R:B ratio of 0.9 than those of 200μmol/(m^(2)·s),*** relative growth rate and net photosynthetic rate showed linear relationships with PPFD under the same LED *** hypericin content,total hyperforin content,and energy yield of hypericin increased with increasing *** hypericin content and energy yield of hypericin of P400-L0.9 were 78%and 89%more than those of P400-L2.7,*** hyperforin content and energy yield of hyperforin of P400-L0.9 and P400-L2.7 were no significant *** on energy efficiency,an R:B ratio of 0.9 of white LEDs with a PPFD of 400μmol/(m^(2)·s)was beneficial to improve medicinal component contents of hydroponic *** in plant factory with LED lighting.

关键词： LED spectrum light intensity controlled environments Hypericum perforatum L.

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