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Short-term exposure to fine particulate matter constituents and mortality:case-crossover evidence from 32 counties in China

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2022年第12期65卷 2527-2538页

作者： Peixuan Zhou Jianlin Hu Chuanhua Yu Junzhe Bao Siqi Luo Zhihao Shi Yang Yuan Shaocai Mo Zhouxin Yin Yunquan Zhang Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics School of Public HealthWuhan University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430065China Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution ControlNanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing 210044China Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics School of Public HealthWuhan UniversityWuhan 430071China Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics College of Public HealthZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450001China Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control Wuhan University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430065China

A growing number of studies associated increased mortality with exposures to specific fine particulate(PM_(2.5))constituents,while great heterogeneity exists between *** China,evidence linking PM_(2.5)constituents and mortality was extensively *** study primarily aimed to quantify short-term associations between PM_(2.5)constituents and non-accidental mortality among the Chinese *** collected daily mortality records from 32 counties in China between January 1,2011,and December 31,*** concentrations of main PM_(2.5)constituents(organic carbon(OC),elemental carbon(EC),nitrate(NO_(3)^(-)),sulfate(SO_(4)^(2−)),and ammonium(NH_(4)^(+)))were estimated using the modified Community Multiscale Air Quality ***-stratified case-crossover design with conditional logistic regression models was adopted to estimate mortality risks associated with short-term exposures to PM_(2.5)mass and its *** analyses were done by sex,age,and season.A total of 116,959 non-accidental deaths were ***_(2.5)concentrations on the day of death were averaged at 75.7μg m^(−3)(control day:75.6μg m^(−3)),with an interquartile range(IQR)of 65.2μg m^(−3).Per IQR rise in PM_(2.5),EC,OC,NO_(3)^(-),SO_(4)^(2−),and NH_(4)^(+)at lag-04 day was associated with an increase in non-accidental mortality of 2.4%(95%confidence interval,(1.0–3.7),1.7%(0.8–2.7),2.9%(1.6–4.3),2.1%(0.4–3.9),1.0%(0.2–1.9),and 1.6%(0.3–2.9),*** PM_(2.5)mass and its constituents were strongly associated with elevated cardiovascular mortality risks,but only PM_(2.5),EC,and OC were positively associated with respiratory mortality at lag-3 ***_(2.5)mass and its constituents associated effects on mortality varied among sex-and age-specific *** in the seasonal pattern of associations exist among PM_(2.5)constituents,with stronger effects related to EC and NO_(3)^(-)in warm months but SO_(4)^(2−)and NH_(4)^(+)in cold ***-term

关键词： PM_(2.5)constituents mortality case-crossover design China

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New Insights into the Inhibition Performance and Mechanisms of Sodium Dodecyl Benzene Sulfonate (Sdbs) on Nitrogen Removal in Activated Sludge-Biofilm System

SSRN

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Qu, Yanhui Huang, Xiao Dong, Wenyi Zhang, Shuai Zhou, Guorun Zheng, Zhihao Teng, Xindong Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control School of Environmental Science and Engineering Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Nanjing210044 China Shenzhen518055 China

To investigate the effect of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS), a common constituent in electroplating wastewater, on nitrogen (N) removal performance and biological mechanism, a gradient of SDBS concentrations was introduced into a set of sequencing batch biofilm reactors (SBBRs). Analytical outcomes indicated a negative correlation between SDBS levels, ranging from 0 to 5 mg L-1, and the removal efficiencies of key pollutants: chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N), and nitrate nitrogen (NO3-N), which exhibited the maximum average declines of 11.83%, 12.15%, and 8.11%, respectively. Despite shifts in operational conditions, Proteobacteria, Patescibacteria, and Actinobacteria remained dominant within the microbial community. Moreover, the presence of SDBS led to a suppression of key genes and enzymes in the N and Tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycles, thus impinging upon the generation of electron donors. This study provides a nuanced understanding of the effect of SDBS on the N removal efficacy of activated sludge-biofilm systems, as well as crucial insights into the adaptive responses of microbial communities to SDBS exposure. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Microorganisms

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Anthropogenic monoterpenes aggravating ozone pollution

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National Science Review 2022年第9期9卷 178-185页

作者： Haichao Wang Xuefei Ma Zhaofeng Tan Hongli Wang Xiaorui Chen Shiyi Chen Yaqin Gao Ying Liu Yuhan Liu Xinping Yang Bin Yuan Limin Zeng Cheng Huang Keding Lu Yuanhang Zhang State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Ozone Pollution ControlCollege of Environmental Sciences and Engineering Peking University School of Atmospheric Sciences Sun Yat-sen University Guangdong Provincial Observation and Research Station for Climate Environment and Air Quality Change in the Pearl River Estuary Key Laboratory of Tropical Atmosphere–Ocean System Ministry of Education Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Zhuhai) Institute of Energy and Climate Research IEK-8:TroposphereForschungszentrum Jülich Gmb H State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Formation and Prevention of the Urban Air Complex Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences Institute for Environmental and Climate Research Jinan University

Monoterpenes have been known to have a critical influence on air quality and climate change through their impact on the formation of fine *** we present field evidence that monoterpene oxidations largely enhanced local ozone production in a regional site in eastern *** observed monoterpene was most likely from biomass burning rather than biogenic emissions,as indicated by the high correlation with CO at night-time,and the observed ratio of these two species was consistent with previously determined values from biomass burning *** monoterpene oxidations were determined experimentally based on direct radical measurements,leading to a daily ozone enhancement of 4-18 parts per billion by volume（ppb）,which was 6%-16% of the total ozone production,depending on the speciation of *** demonstrates that the previously overlo oked anthropogenic monoterpenes make an important contribution to 03 production in eastern *** role could possibly be important at similar locations across China and other parts of the world that are characterized by massive emissions,especially where there are high *** results highlight that anthropogenic monoterpenes should be taken into account when proceeding with the coordinated mitigation of O3and particulate matter pollution.

关键词： monoterpenes ozone pollution biomass burning anthropogenic emissions radical chemistry

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Water-based synthesis of nanoscale hierarchical metal-organic frameworks:Boosting adsorption and catalytic performance

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Nano Materials Science 2023年第4期5卷 361-368页

作者： Yi Yu Zewei Liu Xiaofei Chen Shujun Liu Chongxiong Duan Hongxia Xi School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering South China University of TechnologyGuangzhou510640PR China School of Materials Science and Hydrogen Engineering Foshan UniversityFoshan528231PR China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Pollution Control South China University of TechnologyGuangzhou Higher Education Mega CentreGuangzhou510006PR China

The combination of nano sizes,large pore sizes and green synthesis is recognized as one of the most crucial and challenging problems in constructing metal-organic frameworks(MOFs).Herein,a water-based strategy is proposed for the synthesis of nanoscale hierarchical MOFs(NH-MOFs)with high crystallinity and excellent *** approach allows the morphology and porosity of MOFs to be fine tuned,thereby enabling the nanoscale crystal generation and a well-defined hierarchical *** aqueous solution facilitates rapid nucleation kinetics,and the introduced modulator acts as a deprotonation agent to accelerate the deprotonation of the organic ligand as well as a structure-directing agent(SDA)to guide the formation of hierarchical *** assynthesized NH-MOFs(NH-ZIF-67)were assessed as efficient adsorbents and heterogeneous catalysts to facilitate the diffusion of guest molecules,outperforming the parent *** study focuses on understanding the NH-MOF growth rules,which could allow tailor-designing NH-MOFs for various functions.

关键词： Nanoscale hierarchical metal-organic framework Water-based synthesis Volatile organic compounds Olefins oxidation

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Spatial distribution and risk assessments of mercury in topsoils of Central Asia

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Geoscience Frontiers 2023年第4期14卷 270-279页

作者： Zhengzheng Yang Junming Guo Shiwei Sun Dingming Ni Pengfei Chen Dipesh Rupakheti Huhu Kang Sabur F Abdullaev Salamat Abdyzhapar uulu Shichang Kang Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems(Ministry of Education) College of Earth and Environmental SciencesLanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment TechnologySchool of Environmental Science and EngineeringNanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing 210044China S.U.Umarov Physical Technical Institute of the National Academy of Sciences of Tajikistan Dushanbe 734063Tajikistan Research Center for Ecology and Environment of Central Asia(Bishkek) 720001Kyrgyzstan Geography Department Geology InstituteNational Academy of Sciences720001Kyrgyzstan

Central Asia is one of the largest arid areas on earth,yet little is known about the concentration levels and risks of mercury(Hg)in the soils of this *** this study,extensive sampling of topsoils(0-10 cm)from representative landscapes was carried out over Central Asia(i.e.,Tajikistan,Uzbekistan,and Kyrgyzstan).The total mercury(THg)concentrations in topsoils varied widely from 1.6 to 908.0 ng/g,with high values observed in samples collected in the capital cities and urban *** THg concentrations among different landscapes showed a decreasing order of urban(79.8±184.0 ng/g)>woodland(27.3±28.9 ng/g)>grassland(20.6±15.9 ng/g)>farmland(18.3±9.5 ng/g)>desert(12.3±8.0 ng/g).High THg concentrations were found in the capital cities/urban clusters,followed by a gradual decrease towards the *** concentrations were found to be negatively correlated with the distance from the sampling sites to their nearest cities,indicating that anthropogenic emissions significantly influenced the spatial distribution of topsoil Hg.A significant correlation between THg concentrations and topsoil total organic carbon(TOC)contents was also observed,suggesting that TOC played an essential role in the spatial distribution of topsoil *** assessments of pollution and potential ecological risk suggested that topsoils in highly densely-populated areas were contaminated by Hg and had higher degrees of potential ecological *** health risk assessment results showed that the exposure risk of topsoil Hg to children was higher than that to ***,there was no unacceptable human health risk of topsoil *** study clarified the spatial distribution and risks of Hg in the Central Asian topsoils,offering new insight into the risk prevention and control of soil Hg.

关键词： Mercury Topsoil Landscape Spatial distribution Risk assessment Central Asia

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Formation of secondary inorganic aerosol in a frigid urban atmosphere

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Frontiers of environmental Science & Engineering 2022年第2期16卷 39-50页

作者： Yuan Cheng Qinqin Yu Jiumeng Liu Youwen Sun Linlin Liang Zhenyu Du Guannan Geng Wanli Ma Hong Qi Qiang Zhang Kebin He State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment School of EnvironmentHarbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150090China Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine MechanicsChinese Academy of SciencesHefei 230031China State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather&CMA Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry Chinese Academy of Meteorological SciencesBeijing 100081China National Research Center for Environmental Analysis and Measurement Environmental Development Center of the Ministry of Ecology and EnvironmentBeijing 100029China State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control School of EnvironmentTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Department of Earth System Science Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

Formation of secondary inorganic aerosol(SIA)was investigated during a six-month long heating season in Harbin,*** sulfate formation was observed at high relative humidity(RH),with the same threshold RH(80%)for both colder and warmer measurement *** to wintertime results from Beijing,the threshold RH was considerably higher in Harbin,whereas the RH-dependent enhancement of sulfur oxidation ratio(SOR)was less *** addition,the high RH events were rarely encountered,and for other periods,the SOR were typically as low as~***,the sulfate formation was considered inefficient in this *** excluding the several cases with high RH,both SOR and the nitrogen oxidation ratio(NOR)exhibited increasing trends as the temperature increased,with the increase of NOR being *** nitrate to sulfate ratio tended to increase with increasing temperature as *** on a semi-quantitative approach,this trend was attributed primarily to the temperature-dependent variations of precursors including SO_(2) and NO_(2).The influence of biomass burning emissions on SIA formation was also *** stronger impact of biomass burning,an enhancement in NOR was observed whereas SOR was largely *** different patterns were identified as the dominant driver of the larger nitrate to sulfate ratios measured at higher concentrations of fine particulate matter.

关键词： Haze Sulfate Nitrate Heterogeneous chemistry Biomass burning

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key emergency response technologies for abrupt air pollution accidents in China

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2023年第1期123卷 235-254页

作者： Jun Duan Shushuai Mao Pinhua Xie Jianlei Lang Ang Li Jingjing Tong Min Qin Jin Xu Zeya Shen Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine MechanicsHFIPSChinese Academy of SciencesHefei 230031China Key Laboratory of Beijing on Regional Air Pollution Control Faculty of Environment and LifeBeijing University of TechnologyBeijing 100124China School of Environmental Science and Optoelectronic Technology University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China CAS Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment Institute of Urban EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesXiamen 361021China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology Anhui UniversityHefei 230601China

Abrupt air pollution accidents can endanger people’s health and destroy the local ecological *** appropriate emergency response can minimize the harmful effects of accidents and protect people’s lives and *** paper provides an overview of the key emergency response technologies for abrupt air pollution accidents around the globe with emphasis on the major achievements that China has obtained in recent *** decades of effort,China has made significant progress in emergency monitoring technologies and equipment,source estimation technologies,pollutant dispersion simulation technologies and *** effective domestic emergency monitoring instruments(e.g.,portable DOAS/FT-IR systems,portable FID/PID systems,portable GC-MS systems,scanning imaging remote sensing systems,and emergency monitoring vehicles)had been developed which can meet the demands for routine emergency response activities.A monitoring layout technique combining air dispersion simulation,fuzzy comprehensive evaluation,and a post-optimality analysis was proposed to identify the optimal monitoring layout scheme under the constraints of limited monitoring *** source estimation technologies,including the forward method and the inversion method,have been established and evaluated under various ***-scale dynamic pollution dispersion simulation systems with high temporal and spatial resolution were further developed.A comprehensive emergency response platform integrating database support,source estimation,monitoring schemes,fast monitoring of pollutants,pollution predictions and risk assessment was developed based on the technical idea of"source identification-model simulation-environmental monitoring"dynamic interactive *** is expected that the emergency response capability for abrupt air pollution accidents will gradually improve in China.

关键词： Air pollution accidents Emergency response Emergency monitoring Source estimation Pollutant dispersion simulation

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Health benefits from the rapid reduction in ambient exposure to air pollutants after China's clean air actions:progress in efficacy and geographic equality

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National Science Review 2024年第2期11卷 103-113页

作者： Tao Xue Ruohan Wang Meng Wang Yanying Wang Dan Tong Xia Meng Conghong Huang Siqi Ai Fangzhou Li Jingyuan Cao Mingkun Tong Xueqiu Ni Hengyi Liu Jianyu Deng Hong Lu Wei Wan Jicheng Gong Shiqiu Zhang Tong Zhu Institute of Reproductive and Child Health National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health/Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases(PKU) School of Public Health Peking University Health Science Centre State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Exposure and Health Risk Management and Center for Environment and Health Peking University Advanced Institute of Information Technology Peking University Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health School of Public Health and Health ProfessionsUniversity at Buffalo State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control College of Environmental Sciences and EngineeringPeking University Department of Earth System Science Tsinghua University School of Public Health Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment of the Ministry of HealthFudan University College of Land Management Nanjing Agricultural University National&Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Rural Land Resources Use and Consolidation Clean Air Asia

Clean air actions （CAAs） in China have been linked to considerable benefits in public ***,whether the beneficial effects of CAAs are equally distributed geographically is *** high-resolution maps of the distributions of major air pollutants (fine particulate matter[PM2.5]and ozone[O3]) and population,we aimed to track spatiotemporal changes in health impacts from,and geographic inequality embedded in,the reduced exposures to PM2.5and O3from 2013 to *** used a method established by the Global Burden of Diseases *** analyzing the changes in loss of life expectancy（LLE） attributable to PM2.5and O3,we calculated the gain of life expectancy （GLE） to quantify the health benefits of the air-quality ***,we assessed the geographic inequality embedded in the GLE using the Gini index （GI）.Based on risk assessments of PM2.5and O3,during the first stage of CAAs（2013 to 2017）,the mean GLE was 1.87 *** of the sum of the GLE was disproportionally distributed in about one quarter of the population exposed （GI 0.44）.During the second stage of CAAs（2017 to 2020）,the mean GLE increased to 3.94 months and geographic inequality decreased （GI 0.18）.According to our assessments,CAAs were enhanced,from the first to second stages,in terms of not only preventing premature mortality but also ameliorating health *** enhancements were related to increased sensitivity to the health effects of air pollution and synergic control of PM2.5and *** findings will contribute to optimizing future CAAs.

关键词： clean air action public health inequality fine particulate matter ozone

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Seasonal quantification of the inter-city transport of PM2.5 in the Yangtze River Delta region of China based on a source-oriented chemical transport model and the Michaelis-Menten equation

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Science of the Total environment 2024年 945卷 173856页

作者： Gong, Kangjia Xie, Xiaodong Ying, Qi Hu, Jianlin Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology Nanjing210044 China Zachry Department of Civil Engineering Texas A&M University College StationTX77843 United States

Regional transport plays a crucial role in the pollution of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) over the Yangtze River Delta region (YRD). A practical joint regional emission control strategy requires quantitative assessment of the contribution of regional transport. In this study, the contribution of inter-city transport to PM2.5 among the 41 cities in the YRD region were quantitatively estimated using a source-oriented chemical transport model, and then the relationship between the cumulative contribution of regional transport and the distance was examined using the Michaelis-Menten equation. The results show that the Michaelis-Menten equation is suitable to represent the relationship between the cumulative contribution and transport distance. The coefficient of determination (r2) of the fittings is greater than 0.9 in 71 % of the cases in the six subregions and four seasons in YRD. Two key parameters in the Michaelis-Menten eq. K1, indicating the maximum contribution of regional transport, and K2, indicating the distance to which the regional transport contribution reach half the maximum contribution, show substantial regional and seasonal variations. The average K1 is 73.6 %, with lower values observed in the northern part of the YRD and higher values in central Jiangsu. K2 is larger in northern Jiangsu, as well as central and southern Zhejiang. The local contribution in autumn and winter is lower than that in spring and summer in the northern part of the YRD. Particularly in northern Jiangsu, the local contribution reaches 90.4 % in summer but drops to 53.0 % in autumn and winter, illustrating significant impacts of regional transport to PM2.5 in autumn and winter in this area. K2 is larger on polluted days, compared to clean days, indicating greater contributions from regional transport to PM2.5 in YRD. The results can serve as a scientific foundation for implementing regional joint prevention and control measures in the YRD region. © 2024 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Emission control

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Oxidation Mechanism and Toxicity Evolution of Linalool,a Typical Indoor Volatile Chemical Product

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environment & Health 2024年第7期2卷 486-498页

作者： Zihao Fu Song Guo Ying Yu Hong-Bin Xie Shiyu Li Daqi Lv Putian Zhou Kai Song Zheng Chen Rui Tan Kun Hu Ruizhe Shen Maosheng Yao Min Hu State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution ControlMinistry of Education(IJRC)College of Environmental Sciences and EngineeringPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology Nanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing 210044China Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering(Ministry of Education) School of Environmental Science and TechnologyDalian University of TechnologyDalian 116024China Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics Faculty of ScienceUniversity of HelsinkiP.O.Box 64FIN-00014 HelsinkiFinland

Linalool,a high-reactivity volatile chemical product(VCP)commonly found in cleaning products and disinfectants,is increasingly recognized as an emerging contaminant,especially in indoor *** the gas-phase oxidation mechanism of linalool is crucial for assessing its impact on atmospheric chemistry and human *** quantum chemical calculations and computational toxicology simulations,we investigated the atmospheric transformation and toxicity evolution of linalool under low and high NO/HO_(2)·levels,representing indoor and outdoor *** findings reveal that linalool can undergo the novel mechanisms involving concerted peroxy(RO_(2)·)and alkoxy radical(RO·)modulated autoxidation,particularly emphasizing the importance of cyclization reactions *** expands the widely known RO_(2)·-dominated H-shift-driven autoxidation and proposes a generalized autoxidation mechanism that leads to the formation of low-volatility secondary organic aerosol(SOA)*** analysis shows that over half of transformation products(TPs)exhibited higher carcinogenicity and respiratory toxicity compared to *** also propose time-dependent toxic effects of TPs to assess their long-term *** results indicate that the strong indoor emission coupled with slow consumption rates lead to significant health risks under an indoor *** results highlight complex indoor air chemistry and health concerns regarding persistent toxic products during indoor cleaning,which involves the use of linalool or other VCPs.

关键词： volatile chemical products(VCPs) peroxy radicals(RO_(2)·) atmospheric autoxidation secondary organic aerosol(SOA) computational toxicology

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