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31st International Conference on Computational Linguistics, COLING 2025

作者： Cao, Liuwen He, Hongkui Huang, Hailin Wang, Jiexin Cai, Yi School of Software Engineering South China University of Technology China Key Laboratory of Big Data and Intelligent Robot South China University of Technology Ministry of Education China

ISBN: (纸本)9798891761964

Automatic code summarization aims to generate concise natural language descriptions (summary) for source code, which can free software developers from the heavy burden of manual commenting and software maintenance. Existing methods focus on learning a direct mapping from pure code to summaries, overlooking the significant heterogeneity gap between code and summary. Moreover, existing methods lack a human-like re-check process to evaluate whether the generated summaries match well with the code. To address these two limitations, we introduce RBCoSum, a novel framework that incorporates the generated Chain Of Comments (COC) as auxiliary intermediate information for the model to bridge the gap between code and summaries. Also, we propose a rethinking process where a learned ranker trained on our constructed ranking dataset scores the extent of matching between the generated summary and the code, selecting the highest-scoring summary to achieve a re-check process. We conduct extensive experiments to evaluate our approach and compare it with other automatic code summarization models as well as multiple code Large Language Models (LLMs). The experimental results show that RBCoSum is effective and outperforms baselines by a large margin. The human evaluation also proves the summaries generated with RBCoSum are more natural, informative, useful, and truthful. © 2025 Association for Computational Linguistics.

关键词： Computational linguistics

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Retrieval-Augmented Fine-Tuning for Improving Retrieve-and-Edit Based Assertion Generation

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IEEE Transactions on software engineering 2025年第5期51卷 1591-1614页

作者： Li, Hongyan Sun, Weifeng Yan, Meng Xu, Ling Li, Qiang Zhang, Xiaohong Zhang, Hongyu Chongqing University Key Laboratory of Dependable Service Computing in Cyber Physical Society Ministry of Education Chongqing400044 China Chongqing University School of Big Data and Software Engineering Chongqing400044 China

Unit Testing is crucial in software development and maintenance, aiming to verify that the implemented functionality is consistent with the expected functionality. A unit test is composed of two parts: a test prefix, which drives the unit under test to a particular state, and a test assertion, which determines what the expected behavior is under that state. To reduce the effort of conducting unit tests manually, Yu et al. proposed an integrated approach (integration for short), combining information retrieval with a deep learning-based approach to generate assertions for test prefixes, and obtained promising results. In our previous work, we found that the overall performance of integration is mainly due to its success in retrieving assertions. Moreover, integration is limited to specific types of edit operations and struggles to understand the semantic differences between the retrieved focal-test (focal-test includes a test prefix and a unit under test) and the input focal-test. Based on these insights, we then proposed a retrieve-and-edit approach named EDITAS to learn the assertion edit patterns to improve the effectiveness of assertion generation in our prior study. Despite being promising, we find that the effectiveness of EDITAS can be further improved. Our analysis shows that: ① The editing ability of EDITAS still has ample room for improvement. Its performance degrades as the edit distance between the retrieval assertion and ground truth increases. Specifically, the average accuracy of EDITAS is 12.38% when the edit distance is greater than 5. ② EDITAS lacks a fine-grained semantic understanding of both the retrieved focal-test and the input focal-test themselves, which leads to many inaccurate token modifications. In particular, an average of 25.57% of the incorrectly generated assertions that need to be modified are not modified, and an average of 6.45% of the assertions that match the ground truth are still modified. Thanks to pre-trained models employing

关键词： software design

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Unsigned Road Incidents Detection Using Improved RESNET From Driver-View Images

IEEE Transactions on Artificial Intelligence

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IEEE Transactions on Artificial Intelligence 2025年第5期6卷 1203-1216页

作者： Li, Changping Wang, Bingshu Zheng, Jiangbin Zhang, Yongjun Chen, C.L. Philip Northwestern Polytechnical University School of Software Xi’an710129 China Shenzhen University Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Media Security Shenzhen518060 China Guizhou University State Key Laboratory of Public Big Data College of Computer Science and Technology Guiyang550025 China South China University of Technology School of Computer Science and Engineering Guangzhou510641 China

Frequent road incidents cause significant physical harm and economic losses globally. The key to ensuring road safety lies in accurately perceiving surrounding road incidents. However, the highly dynamic nature of traffic introduces significant challenges, particularly in detecting sudden and temporary incidents. In this article, we propose a novel detection framework, multihead attention ResNet with dynamic bottleneck (DB_RESNET_MHA), to identify physical unsigned road incidents. Our approach introduces three key innovations. First, we develop a tailored data augmentation strategy to create images that closely mimic the complex variations found in real-world road environments. Second, we enhance model expressiveness by employing attention mechanisms to nonlinearly integrate convolutional kernels within the residual network. Furthermore, we refine the prediction head by applying spatially distinct attention weights, enabling the model to capture intricate correlations between different features more effectively. To demonstrate the effectiveness of our method, we create a dataset for unsigned road incidents (UnsignRI), comprising a total of 16 323 images that capture 12 distinct types of incidents. It stands out as the most comprehensive dataset in the field, encompassing a wide range of geographical features and incident categories. Experimental results show that DB_RESNET_MHA achieves an average accuracy of 96.2% and a f1-score of 0.955 across various categories of unsigned incidents, surpassing other models. © 2020 IEEE.

关键词： Highway accidents

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Highly Robust and Diverse Coverless Image Steganography Against Passive and Active Steganalysis

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IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing 2025年第3期22卷 2771-2787页

作者： Guo, Bobiao Ping, Ping Xu, Feng Hohai University College of Computer Science and Software Engineering Nanjing210098 China Hohai University Key Laboratory of Water Big Data Technology of Ministry of Water Resources Nanjing210098 China Jiangsu Ocean University School of Computer Engineering Lianyungang222005 China

To avoid the pixel modification traces left by steganography from being detected by passive steganalysis, and to prevent the hidden data from being destroyed by active steganalysis attacks, Coverless Image Steganography (CIS) that does not modify pixels has attracted widespread attention. However, most existing CIS methods are limited in their maximum capacity due to insufficient diversity in their hash sequences. In addition, these methods struggle to maintain high robustness against both geometric and non-geometric attacks simultaneously. To address these two issues, a new coverless image steganography method is proposed to enhance CIS methods’ applicability, security, and robustness in highly insecure networks. During the hiding process, hash sequences are generated by a SHA-256 algorithm that integrates inter-block and inter-channel fusion, providing higher diversity than other CIS methods. Consequently, the proposed CIS method achieves higher capacity on publicly available datasets. During the extraction process, an evaluation metric that combines visual and histogram similarity is designed to improve the accuracy of inverse image retrieval. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed CIS method achieves capacity increases of 26.73% and 38.34% over other CIS methods on the VOC and COCO datasets, respectively. Moreover, this method exhibits nearly 100% robustness against common active steganalysis. © 2004-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Steganography Robustness Feature Extraction data Mining Image Retrieval Visualization Accuracy software Indexes Histograms Coverless Image Steganography CIS Hash Generation Algorithm Inverse Image Retrieval Steganalysis High Robustness Robust Image Image Coding Hidden Information Retrieval Accuracy Visual Similarity COCO dataset Convolutional Neural Network Computational Complexity Robust Method Image dataset Bit Error Rate Types Of Attacks Auxiliary Information Scale Invariant Feature Transform Index database Histogram Bins Length Information Cover Image Military Intelligence Secret Information Center Crop Secure Transmission Salt And Pepper Noise XOR Operation Number Of Different Sequences JPEG Compression Generative Adversarial Networks Pixel Position Common Attacks

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A Knowledge-Enhanced Contrastive Learning Network for Weakly-Supervised Aspect Detection

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IEEE Transactions on Audio, Speech and Language Processing 2025年 33卷 506-517页

作者： Zhuoming Zheng Yi Cai Liuwu Li School of Software Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou China Key Laboratory of Big Data and Intelligent Robot Ministry of Education South China University of Technology Guangzhou China

Aspect detection, aiming at identifying the aspects of review segments, is a fundamental task in opinion mining and aspect-based sentiment analysis. Due to the high cost and time consuming of human-annotation for massive reviews, several unsupervised and weakly-supervised methods are proposed recently. However, existing weakly-supervised models are mostly seed-driven methods based on co-occurrence of words, which suffer from lacking the ability of detecting the aspects with infrequent aspect terms and identifying Misc aspect. To tackle these problems, we leverage external knowledge to enhance the representation of aspects and segments by a weakly-supervised method. In this paper, we propose an aspect knowledge-enhanced contrastive learning (AKECL) network with two powerful knowledge-enhanced encoders for aspects and reivew segments to enhance weakly-supervised aspect detection task. Experiments in seven different domains show that AKECL outperforms the competitive baselines, and demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed method, as well as the improvement by introducing external knowledge.

关键词： Reviews Contrastive learning Vectors Feature extraction Knowledge graphs Speech processing Sentiment analysis Knowledge engineering Hardware Touch sensitive screens

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Advances in Robust Federated Learning: A Survey With Heterogeneity Considerations

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IEEE Transactions on big data 2025年第3期11卷 1548-1567页

作者： Chen, Chuan Liao, Tianchi Deng, Xiaojun Wu, Zihou Huang, Sheng Zheng, Zibin Sun Yat-sen University School of Computer Science and Engineering Guangdong Key Laboratory of Big Data Analysis and Processing Guangzhou510006 China Sun Yat-sen University School of Software Engineering Zhuhai519000 China Sun Yat-sen University School of Computer Science and Engineering Guangzhou510006 China Sun Yat-sen University School of Systems Science and Engineering Guangzhou510006 China Sun Yat-sen University School of Software Engineering Zhuhai Key Laboratory of Trusted Large Language Models Zhuhai519000 China

In the field of heterogeneous federated learning (FL), the key challenge is to efficiently and collaboratively train models across multiple clients with different data distributions, model structures, task objectives, computational capabilities, and communication resources. This diversity leads to significant heterogeneity, which increases the complexity of model training. In this paper, we first outline the basic concepts of heterogeneous FL and summarize the research challenges in FL in terms of five aspects: data, model, task, device and communication. In addition, we explore how existing state-of-the-art approaches cope with the heterogeneity of FL, and categorize and review these approaches at three different levels: data-level, model-level, and architecture-level. Subsequently, the paper extensively discusses privacy-preserving strategies in heterogeneous FL environments. Finally, the paper discusses current open issues and directions for future research, aiming to promote the further development of heterogeneous FL. © 2015 IEEE.

关键词： Federated learning

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Resilient multi-objective mission planning for UAV formation:A unified framework integrating task pre-and re-assignment

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Defence Technology(防务技术) 2025年第3期45卷 203-226页

作者： Xinwei Wang Xiaohua Gao Lei Wang Xichao Su Junhong Jin Xuanbo Liu Zhilong Deng Department of Engineering Mechanics State Key Laboratory of Structural AnalysisOptimization and CAE Software for Industrial EquipmentDalian University of TechnologyDalianLiaoning 116024China School of Mathematics and Big Data Anhui University of Science and TechnologyHuainanAnhui 232001China School of Mathematical Science Dalian University of TechnologyDalianLiaoning 116024China Department of Airborne Vehicle Engineering Naval Aeronautical and Astronautical UniversityYantai 264001China

Combat effectiveness of unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)formations can be severely affected by the mission execution *** the practical execution phase,there are inevitable risks where UAVs being destroyed or targets failed to be *** improve the mission reliability,a resilient mission planning framework integrates task pre-and re-assignment modules is developed in this *** the task pre-assignment phase,to guarantee the mission reliability,probability constraints regarding the minimum mission success rate are imposed to establish a multi-objective optimization *** an improved genetic algorithm with the multi-population mechanism and specifically designed evolutionary operators is used for efficient *** in the task-reassignment phase,possible trigger events are first analyzed.A real-time contract net protocol-based algorithm is then proposed to address the corresponding emergency *** the dual objective used in the former phase is adapted into a single objective to keep a consistent combat *** cases of different scales demonstrate that the two modules cooperate well with each *** the one hand,the pre-assignment module can generate high-reliability mission schedules as an elaborate mathematical model is *** the other hand,the re-assignment module can efficiently respond to various emergencies and adjust the original schedule within a *** corresponding animation is accessible at ***/video/BV12t421w7EE for better illustration.

关键词： Cooperative mission planning UAV formation Mission reliability Evolutionary algorithm Contract net protocol

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AI-Enhanced Secure data Aggregation for Smart Grids with Privacy Preservation

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2025年第1期82卷 799-816页

作者： Congcong Wang Chen Wang Wenying Zheng Wei Gu School of Software Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing210044China School of Information Science and Engineering Zhejiang Sci-Tech UniversityHangzhou310018China State Key Laboratory of Public Big Data Guizhou UniversityGuiyang550025China School of Computer Science and Technology(School of Artificial Intelligence) Zhejiang Sci-Tech UniversityHangzhou310018China School of Computer Science(School of Cyber Science and Engineering) Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing210044China

As smart grid technology rapidly advances,the vast amount of user data collected by smart meter presents significant challenges in data security and privacy *** research emphasizes data security and user privacy concerns within smart ***,existing methods struggle with efficiency and security when processing large-scale *** efficient data processing with stringent privacy protection during data aggregation in smart grids remains an urgent *** paper proposes an AI-based multi-type data aggregation method designed to enhance aggregation efficiency and security by standardizing and normalizing various data *** approach optimizes data preprocessing,integrates Long Short-Term Memory(LSTM)networks for handling time-series data,and employs homomorphic encryption to safeguard user *** also explores the application of Boneh Lynn Shacham(BLS)signatures for user *** proposed scheme’s efficiency,security,and privacy protection capabilities are validated through rigorous security proofs and experimental analysis.

关键词： Smart grid data security privacy protection artificial intelligence data aggregation

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Classic4Children: Adapting Chinese Literary Classics for Children with Large Language Model

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Chen, Jiali Hei, Xusen Xue, Yuqi Wu, Zihan Xie, Jiayuan Cai, Yi Key Laboratory of Big Data and Intelligent Robot South China University of Technology Ministry of Education China School of Software Engineering South China University of Technology China The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong

Chinese literary classics hold significant cultural and educational value, offering deep insights into morality, history, and human nature. These works often include classical Chinese and complex narratives, making them difficult for children to read. To bridge this gap, we introduce a child-friendly literary adaptation (CLA) task to adapt the Chinese literary classic into engaging and accessible text for children. However, recent large language models (LLMs) overlook children’s reading preferences (i.e., vivid character portrayals, concise narrative structures, and appropriate readability), which poses challenges in CLA. In this paper, we propose a method called InstructChild, which augments the LLM with these preferences for adaptation. Specifically, we first obtain the characters’ personalities and narrative structure as additional information for fine-grained instruction tuning. Then, we devise a readability metric as the reward to align the LLM with the children’s reading level. Finally, a lookahead decoding strategy is applied to improve the readability of the generated text during inference. To support the evaluation of CLA task, we construct the Classic4Children dataset, which comprises both the original and child-friendly versions of the Four Great Classical Novels of Chinese literature. Experimental results show that our InstructChild significantly improves automatic and human evaluation performance. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

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TraSculptor: Visual Analytics for Enhanced Decision-Making in Road Traffic Planning

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IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics 2025年 PP卷 PP页

作者： Deng, Zikun Liu, Yuanbang Zhu, Mingrui Xiang, Da Yu, Haiyue Su, Zicheng Lu, Qinglong Schreck, Tobias Cai, Yi South China University of Technology School of Software Engineering China South China University of Technology Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Big Data and Intelligent Robot China Tongji University Key Laboratory of Road and Traffic Engineering of the Ministry of Education China National University of Singapore Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Singapore Graz University of Technology Austria

The design of urban road networks significantly influences traffic conditions, underscoring the importance of informed traffic planning. Traffic planning experts rely on specialized platforms to simulate traffic systems, assessing the efficacy of the road network across various states of modifications. Nevertheless, a prevailing issue persists: many existing traffic planning platforms exhibit inefficiencies in flexibly interacting with the road network's structure and attributes and intuitively comparing multiple states during the iterative planning process. This paper introduces TraSculptor, an interactive planning decision-making system. To develop TraSculptor, we identify and address two challenges: interactive modification of road networks and intuitive comparison of multiple network states. For the first challenge, we establish flexible interactions to enable experts to easily and directly modify the road network on the map. For the second challenge, we design a comparison view with a history tree of multiple states and a road-state matrix to facilitate intuitive comparison of road network states. To evaluate TraSculptor, we provided a usage scenario where the Braess's paradox was showcased, invited experts to perform a case study on the Sioux Falls network, and collected expert feedback through interviews. © 1995-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Visual analytics

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