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Formalization of Android Activity-Fragment Multitasking Mechanism and Static Analysis of Mobile Apps

Formal Aspects of computing 2025年第2期37卷 1-86页

作者： He, Jinlong Wu, Zhilin Chen, Taolue Key Laboratory of System Software Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Software Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China State Key Laboratory of Computer Science Institute of Software Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China School of Computer Science and Technology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China School of Computing and Mathematical Sciences Birkbeck University of London Northern Ireland London United Kingdom

The multitasking mechanism between activities and fragments plays a fundamental role in the Android operating system, which involves a wide range of features, including launch modes, intent flags, task affinities, and structured activities containing fragments. All of them are being widely used in Android apps, both open source and commercial ones. In this article, we present a formal semantics of the Android multitasking mechanism between activities and fragments, which accommodates all the important features and gives insofar the most comprehensive and accurate formalization. In particular, our semantics is formulated based on multi-stack systems, and fully captures the behavior of task stacks and activity stacks regarding fragments. Based on the semantics, we provide new static analysis algorithms, which are both multi-stack aware and fragment sensitive, thus achieve more precise static analysis for Android apps. We validate our approach by extensive experiments on both open source and commercial Android apps. The results highlight the benefits of the considering the semantics of the multitasking mechanism between activities and fragments in static analysis, and confirm the efficacy of our approach. © 2025 Copyright held by the owner/author(s).

关键词： Android multitasking mechanism activities and fragments formal semantics stack unboundedness static analysis

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HiRes: Hierarchical Feature Optimization and Rescorer for Automatic ICD Coding

HiRes: Hierarchical Feature Optimization and Rescorer for Au...

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2025 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, ICASSP 2025

作者： Liang, Zhenpeng Guan, Hongjiao Lu, Wenpeng Peng, Xueping Xu, Bing Yang, Muyun Key Laboratory of Computing Power Network and Information Security Ministry of Education Shandong Computer Science Center National Supercomputer Center in Jinan Qilu University of Technology Shandong Academy of Sciences Jinan China Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Computing Power Internet and Service Computing Shandong Fundamental Research Center for Computer Science Jinan China Australian Artificial Intelligence Institute University of Technology Sydney Sydney Australia Faculty of Computing Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350368741

The International Classification of Diseases (ICD) coding assigns standardized codes to diseases. Automating this process enhances the efficiency and accuracy of clinical records processing. However, current methods struggle with noisy and lengthy clinical texts, making it difficult to ensure the reliability of feature extraction. Furthermore, they typically make separate binary predictions for each code, overlooking the dependencies between them. To address these issues, we propose a novel model called Hierarchical Feature Optimization and Rescorer (HiRes). We employ a cascaded convolution architecture to mitigate noise and enhance feature representation. Additionally, a masked autoencoder-based rescorer is introduced to capture ICD code interdependencies, refining initial predictions for improved accuracy. The model also considers the inconsistencies in code representations. Experiments on the MIMIC datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of our model. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： automatic ICD coding cascaded convolutional network multi-label classification

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HIET:Hybrid Information Enhancement Transformer Network for Single-Photon Image Reconstruction

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Journal of Beijing institute of technology 2025年第1期34卷 1-17页

作者： Yiming Liu Xuri Yao Tao Zhang Yifei Sun Ying Fu School of Computer Science and Technology Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081China Center for Quantum Technology Research and Key Laboratory of Advanced Optoelec-tronic Quantum Architecture and Measurements(MOE) School of PhysicsBeijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081China School of Communication Engineering Hangzhou Dianzi UniversityHangzhou 310018China Uniview Technology Hangzhou 310056China

Single-photon sensors are novel devices with extremely high single-photon sensitivity and temporal ***,these advantages also make them highly susceptible to ***,single-photon cameras face severe quantization as low as 1 bit/*** factors make it a daunting task to recover high-quality scene information from noisy single-photon *** current image reconstruction methods for single-photon data are mathematical approaches,which limits information utilization and algorithm *** this work,we propose a hybrid information enhancement model which can significantly enhance the efficiency of information utilization by leveraging attention mechanisms from both spatial and channel ***,we introduce a structural feature enhance module for the FFN of the transformer,which explicitly improves the model's ability to extract and enhance high-frequency structural information through two symmetric convolution ***,we propose a single-photon data simulation pipeline based on RAW images to address the challenge of the lack of single-photon *** results show that the proposed method outperforms state-of-the-art methods in various noise levels and exhibits a more efficient capability for recovering high-frequency structures and extracting information.

关键词： single-photon images hybrid information enhancement structual feature enhancement data simulation pipeline

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Optimizing Self-training Sample Selection for Euphemism Detection in Special Scenarios 24th

Optimizing Self-training Sample Selection for Euphemism Dete...

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24th International Conference on Algorithms and architectures for Parallel Processing, ICA3PP 2024

作者： Zhang, Zhiwei Chang, Shuyu Huang, Haiping Wang, Rui Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications Nanjing210023 China Jiangsu High Technology Research Key Laboratory for Wireless Sensor Networks Nanjing210023 China Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications Nanjing210023 China State Key Laboratory Chinese of Computer Architecture Institute of Computing Technology Academy of Sciences Beijing100864 China

ISBN: (纸本)9789819615476

Euphemism, which is often used to disguise true intentions or soften the tone of speech, has garnered significant attention for its detection in recent years. Current approaches to euphemism detection struggle with uncommon data, where new and rare vocabularies frequently emerge in the test set, leading to decreased model performance. To address these challenges, we propose a novel framework that combines data augmentation, self-training, and a special sample selection method. We expand the original dataset using lexical and sentence-level data augmentation techniques, enhancing the representation of rare vocabulary and allowing the model to familiarize itself with their contexts and usage characteristics. Next, we employ self-training as a semi-supervised learning approach, utilizing the augmented datasets to iteratively generate and refine pseudo-labels. During each iteration, a KNN framework is used to generate pseudo-labels by searching for the nearest neighbor texts, thus enhancing the quality of these labels. Finally, to further increase the presence of rare vocabulary in the training data, we implement a sample selection strategy based on euphemism frequency and predictive uncertainty, integrating it with the earlier steps. Experimental results demonstrate that our framework outperforms previous research on most metrics and achieves a 10% increase over the baseline model. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2025.

关键词： Self-supervised learning

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Multi-Scale Time Series Segmentation Network Based on Eddy Current Testing for Detecting Surface Metal Defects

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2025年第3期12卷 528-538页

作者： Xiaorui Li Xiaojuan Ban Haoran Qiao Zhaolin Yuan Hong-Ning Dai Chao Yao Yu Guo Mohammad S.Obaidat George Q.Huang the School of Intelligence Science and Technology University of Science and Technology Beijing the Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering the Key Laboratory of Intelligent Bionic Unmanned Systems and the Institute of Materials Intelligent Technology Liaoning Academy of Materials IEEE the Department of Computer Science Hong Kong Baptist University the School of Computer and Communication Engineering Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Devices for Post-Moore Chips Ministry of Education University of Science and Technology Beijing the Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing the School of Computer and Communication Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing the King Abdullah Ⅱ School of Information Technology The University of Jordan the Department of Computational Intelligence the School of Computing SRM University the School of Engineering The Amity University The Hong Kong Polytechnic University

In high-risk industrial environments like nuclear power plants, precise defect identification and localization are essential for maintaining production stability and safety. However, the complexity of such a harsh environment leads to significant variations in the shape and size of the defects. To address this challenge, we propose the multivariate time series segmentation network(MSSN), which adopts a multiscale convolutional network with multi-stage and depth-separable convolutions for efficient feature extraction through variable-length templates. To tackle the classification difficulty caused by structural signal variance, MSSN employs logarithmic normalization to adjust instance distributions. Furthermore, it integrates classification with smoothing loss functions to accurately identify defect segments amid similar structural and defect signal subsequences. Our algorithm evaluated on both the Mackey-Glass dataset and industrial dataset achieves over 95% localization and demonstrates the capture capability on the synthetic dataset. In a nuclear plant's heat transfer tube dataset, it captures 90% of defect instances with75% middle localization F1 score.

关键词： Eddy current testing nondestructive testing semantic segmentation time series analysis

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VmPTP: Precise Time Protocol for Inter-VM Communication in Embedded Virtualized Systems

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IEEE Transactions on computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems 2025年第3期44卷 897-910页

作者： Zhao, Sirong Xie, Guoqi Ma, Wenhong Ren, Wei Li, Kenli Hunan University Key Laboratory for Embedded and Network Computing of Hunan Province College of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering Hunan Changsha410082 China Huawei Technology Co. Ltd. Central Software Institute Guangdong Shenzhen518129 China

System virtualization techniques are gradually applied to embedded systems with the performance improvement of embedded devices;however, there is a large time offset (i.e., deviation) of hundreds of ms between virtual machines (VMs) due to the drift of the virtualization abstraction layer and the jitter phenomenon. It is urgent to significantly reduce this offset by time synchronization techniques. Unfortunately, the current mainstream time synchronization software (e.g., Chrony and LinuxPTP) cannot be used in the embedded virtualized system connected by the fieldbus, such as controller area network (CAN);meanwhile, drift correction-based time synchronization techniques dedicated to CAN bus cannot be utilized for virtualized systems. In this study, we design a general vmPTP, which is a precise time protocol (PTP) for inter-VM communication in embedded virtualized systems based on Linux kernel-based VM (KVM). This is the first time synchronization work focused on embedded virtualized systems. We implement two vmPTP versions based on VirtIO and inter-VM shared memory (IVSHMEM) according to the four message (i.e., packet) exchanges of PTP. We propose an asymmetry compensation strategy to solve the problem of asymmetric rate of I/O operations in the message exchange process, which optimizes the offset computation. We further produce a convergence stopping approach which can continuously converge the offset until the offset is within the given bound and stop. We conduct experimental evaluations on both X86-64 and ARM64 architectures. For two versions of vmPTP, the experimental results show that: 1) the offsets are always within 1μ s on two architectures;2) the offsets are less than that of LinuxPTP and Chrony;and 3) the vmPTP's CPU and memory utilization on the X86-64 architecture are merely 0.3% and 0.1%, respectively, whereas those on the ARM64 architecture are 3.8% and 0.1%, respectively. We experiment with vmPTP in real-time application and the result demonstrates th

关键词： Linux

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CroPrompt: Cross-task Interactive Prompting for Zero-shot Spoken Language Understanding

CroPrompt: Cross-task Interactive Prompting for Zero-shot Sp...

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2025 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, ICASSP 2025

作者： Qin, Libo Wei, Fuxuan Chen, Qiguang Zhou, Jingxuan Huang, Shijue Si, Jiasheng Lu, Wenpeng Che, Wanxiang School of Computer Science and Engineering Central South University China Key Laboratory of Data Intelligence and Advanced Computing in Provincial Universities Soochow University China Research Center for Social Computing and Information Retrieval Harbin Institute of Technology China Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen China Key Laboratory of Computing Power Network and Information Security Ministry of Education Qilu University of Technology Shandong Academy of Sciences China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350368741

Slot filling and intent detection are two highly correlated tasks in spoken language understanding (SLU). Recent SLU research attempts to explore zero-shot prompting techniques in large language models to alleviate the data scarcity problem. Nevertheless, the existing prompting work ignores the cross-task interaction information for SLU, which leads to sub-optimal performance. To solve this problem, we present the pioneering work of Cross-task Interactive Prompting (CroPrompt) for SLU, which enables the model to interactively leverage the information exchange across the correlated tasks in SLU. Additionally, we further introduce a multi-task self-consistency mechanism to mitigate the error propagation caused by the intent information injection. We conduct extensive experiments on the standard SLU benchmark and the results reveal that CroPrompt consistently outperforms the existing prompting approaches. In addition, the multi-task self-consistency mechanism can effectively ease the error propagation issue, thereby enhancing the performance. We hope this work can inspire more research on cross-task prompting for SLU. © 2025 IEEE.

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LayerCFL:an efcient federated learning with layer-wised clustering

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Cybersecurity 2025年第1期8卷 72-85页

作者： Jie Yuan Rui Qian Tingting Yuan Mingliang Sun Jirui Li Xiaoyong Li School of Cyberspace Security Beijing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsBeijingChina Key Laboratory of Trustworthy Distributed Computing and Service(BUPT) Ministry of EducationBeijingChina Institute of Computer Science Faculty of Mathematics and Computer ScienceUniversity of GoettingenGöettingenGermany School of Information Technology Henan University of Chinese MedicineZhengzhouHenanChina

Federated Learning(FL)sufers from the Non-IID problem in practice,which poses a challenge for efcient and accurate model *** address this challenge,prior research has introduced clustered FL(CFL),which involves clustering clients and training them *** its potential benefts,CFL can be computationally and communicationally expensive when the data distribution is unknown *** is because CFL involves the entire neural networks of involved clients in computing the clusters during training,which can become increasingly timeconsuming with large-sized *** tackle this issue,this paper proposes an efcient CFL approach called LayerCFL that employs a Layer-wised clustering *** LayerCFL,clients are clustered based on a limited number of layers of neural networks that are pre-selected using statistical and experimental *** experimental results demonstrate the efectiveness of LayerCFL in mitigating the impact of Non-IID data,improving the accuracy of clustering,and enhancing computational efciency.

关键词： Federated learning Clustered federated learning Non-IID Layer-wised clustering

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NeuVSA: A Unified and Efficient Accelerator for Neural Vector Search 31

NeuVSA: A Unified and Efficient Accelerator for Neural Vecto...

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31st IEEE International Symposium on High Performance computer architecture, HPCA 2025

作者： Yuan, Ziming Dai, Lei Li, Wen Zhang, Jie Liang, Shengwen Wang, Ying Liu, Cheng Li, Huawei Li, Xiaowei Guo, Jiafeng Wang, Peng Chen, Renhai Zhang, Gong Shanxi University School of Computer and Information Technology China Peking University School of Computer Science China Institute of Computing Technology CAS State Key Lab of Processors China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences China Zhongguancun National Laboratory Beijing China Institute of Computing Technology CAS Key Lab of Network Data Science and Technology China Huawei Technologies Co. Ltd. China

ISBN: (纸本)9798331506476

Neural Vector Search (NVS) has exhibited superior search quality over traditional key-based strategies for information retrieval tasks. An effective NVS architecture requires high recall, low latency, and high throughput to enhance user experience and cost-efficiency. However, implementing NVS on existing neural network accelerators and vector search accelerators is sub-optimal due to the separation between the embedding stage and vector search stage at both algorithm and architecture levels. Fortunately, we unveil that Product Quantization (PQ) opens up an opportunity to break separation. However, existing PQ algorithms and accelerators still focus on either the embedding stage or the vector search stage, rather than both simultaneously. Simply combining existing solutions still follows the beaten track of separation and suffers from insufficient parallelization, frequent data access conflicts, and the absence of scheduling, thus failing to reach optimal recall, latency, and throughput. To this end, we propose a unified and efficient NVS accelerator dubbed NeuVSA based on algorithm and architecture co-design philosophy. Specifically, on the algorithm level, we propose a learned PQ-based unified NVS algorithm that consolidates two separate stages into the same computing and memory access paradigm. It integrates an end-to-end joint training strategy to learn the optimal codebook and index for enhanced recall and reduced PQ complexity, thus achieving smoother acceleration. On the architecture level, we customize a homogeneous NVS accelerator based on the unified NVS algorithm. Each sub-accelerator is optimized to exploit all parallelism exposed by unified NVS, incorporating a structured index assignment strategy and an elastic on-chip buffer to alleviate buffer conflicts for reduced latency. All sub-accelerators are coordinated using a hardware-aware scheduling strategy for boosted throughput. Experimental results show that the joint training strategy improves recall

关键词： Network embeddings

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Image Generation Method for Addressing Class Imbalance in Small-Sample Pulsar Candidates 21st

Image Generation Method for Addressing Class Imbalance in ...

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21st Pacific Rim International Conference on Artificial Intelligence, PRICAI 2024

作者： Zhang, Maoyu Xu, Hai Yan, Fanfan Ding, Haoran Guo, Meng Shandong Jinan250013 China Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Computing Power Internet and Service Computing Shandong Fundamental Research Center for Computer Science Shandong Jinan250013 China Jinan Institute of Supercomputing Technology Shandong Jinan250013 China

ISBN: (纸本)9789819601219

Pulsars, rapidly rotating neutron stars, have been crucial topics in astrophysics since their discovery. The advent of deep learning offers a novel method for the efficient classification of pulsar candidates. However, the extreme imbalance between positive and negative classes in the dataset severely affects the performance of the classification model. Therefore, a network enhancing detail perception and stability (EDPSNet) is proposed to address class imbalance. The model combines Deep Convolutional Generative Adversarial Networks (DCGAN) with multi-scale Channel-Spatial Attention (CSA) modules and Spectral Normalization (SN). To enhance local details and global features, thereby enhancing the overall quality and detail of generated images, we introduced a self-designed CSA module. To enhance the stability of the model, SN stabilizes training and prevents mode collapse by constraining the weight matrices of the network. In addition, we proposed the Pixel Moving Segmentation (PMS) technique to address the overfitting issue in generative models caused by insufficient samples. This method expands the dataset while preserving the original features, thus increasing the sample diversity. Experimental results indicate that the EDPSNet model and PMS technique offer significant advantages in handling class imbalanced, small-sample pulsar candidate datasets. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2025.

关键词： Pulsars

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