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Multi-scale network for single image deblurring based on ensemble learning module

Multimedia Tools and Applications 2025年第11期84卷 9045-9064页

作者： Wu, WenBo Pan, Yun Su, Na Wang, JingTao Wu, ShaoChuan Xu, ZeKun Yu, YouJian Liu, YaPeng State Key Laboratory of Media Convergence and Communication Communication University of China Beijing100024 China School of Computer and Cyberspace Security Communication University of China Beijing100024 China School of Electronics and Information Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin150080 China College of Computer and Control Engineering Northeast Forestry University Harbin150040 China School of Computer and Information Engineering Tianjin Chengjian University Tianjin300384 China School of Computer Science and Technology Anhui University Hefei230601 China

In this paper, we have identified two primary issues with current multi-scale image deblurring methods. On the one hand, the blurring scale is ignored. On the other hand, the context information of images is not fully utilized, and the spatial detail information of images is lost. To better solve the above problems, on top of that, this paper proposes a multi-scale network for single image deblurring. The designed network contains two parts: 1) Ensemble Learning Model: The Weak Learning Model in this module connects multiple weak learners in series to increase network depth. Moreover, through multi-scale feature ensemble module, the output features and intermediate features of different weak learner are integrated, and finally strong learner is used to enhance the features with semantic information at different scales;2) Spatial Feature Enhancement Module: This module can preserve spatial detail information of images and compensate for the disadvantages of losing image spatial details due to continuous downsampling in the Ensemble Learning Model structure. Our proposed deblurring model has been extensively evaluated on several benchmark datasets, and the model achieves superior performance compared to the most advanced deblurring methods. In particular, the peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) and structural similarity index measure (SSIM) values are 33.57 dB and 0.965 on the GoPro dataset, respectively, with PSNR and SSIM improving by 0.49 dB and 0.002 over NAFNet, and 0.65 dB and 0.004 over Restormer. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Learning systems

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Optimization algorithm for global k-means algorithm 13

Optimization algorithm for global k-means algorithm

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13th International Conference on Intelligent Control and information Processing, ICICIP 2025

作者： Li, Sen Li, Fang Luo, Xiaonan School of Computer Science and Information Security Guilin University of Electronic Technology Guilin541004 China Guilin541004 China Guangxi Key Laboratory of Image and Graphic Intelligent Processing Guilin541004 China

ISBN: (纸本)9798331516147

The k-means method is widely utilized for clustering. Its simplicity, efficacy, and swiftness make it a favored choice among clustering algorithms. It faces the challenge of sensitivity to the initial class center. The enhancement strategy for the k-means algorithm focuses on refining the initial selection of cluster centroids, no longer using its random selection of initial class center points, but starting from the entire dataset, choosing the most distant point to serve as the starting cluster centroid. This can also prevent the local optimization problem of the k-means algorithm. The improved algorithm proposed in this article is an effective method that can select the initial class center point from a global perspective and reduce computation time. The suggested approach has undergone rigorous testing and comparative analysis across multiple datasets, yielding commendable outcomes. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Optimization algorithms

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Disentangled Noisy Correspondence Learning

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IEEE Transactions on Image Processing 2025年 34卷 2602-2615页

作者： Dang, Zhuohang Luo, Minnan Wang, Jihong Jia, Chengyou Han, Haochen Wan, Herun Dai, Guang Chang, Xiaojun Wang, Jingdong Xi’an Jiaotong University School of Computer Science and Technology Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Intelligent Networks and Network Security Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Big Data Knowledge Engineering Shaanxi Xi’an710049 China SGIT AI Laboratory Xi’an710048 China State Grid Corporation of China State Grid Shaanxi Electric Power Company Ltd. Xi’an710048 China University of Science and Technology of China School of Information Science and Technology Hefei230026 China Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates Baidu Inc. Beijing100085 China

Cross-modal retrieval is crucial in understanding latent correspondences across modalities. However, existing methods implicitly assume well-matched training data, which is impractical as real-world data inevitably involves imperfect alignments, i.e., noisy correspondences. Although some works explore similarity-based strategies to address such noise, they suffer from sub-optimal similarity predictions influenced by modality-exclusive information (MEI), e.g., background noise in images and abstract definitions in texts. This issue arises as MEI is not shared across modalities, thus aligning it in training can markedly mislead similarity predictions. Moreover, although intuitive, directly applying previous cross-modal disentanglement methods suffers from limited noise tolerance and disentanglement efficacy. Inspired by the robustness of information bottlenecks against noise, we introduce DisNCL, a novel information-theoretic framework for feature Disentanglement in Noisy Correspondence Learning, to adaptively balance the extraction of modality-invariant information (MII) and MEI with certifiable optimal cross-modal disentanglement efficacy. DisNCL then enhances similarity predictions in modality-invariant subspace, thereby greatly boosting similarity-based alleviation strategy for noisy correspondences. Furthermore, DisNCL introduces soft matching targets to model noisy many-to-many relationships inherent in multi-modal inputs for noise-robust and accurate cross-modal alignment. Extensive experiments confirm DisNCL’s efficacy by 2% average recall improvement. Mutual information estimation and visualization results show that DisNCL learns meaningful MII/MEI subspaces, validating our theoretical analyses. © 1992-2012 IEEE.

关键词： information theory

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Discriminative Score Suppression for Weakly Supervised Video Anomaly Detection

Discriminative Score Suppression for Weakly Supervised Video...

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2025 IEEE/CVF Winter Conference on Applications of computer Vision, WACV 2025

作者： Xu, Chen Li, Chunguo Xing, Hongjie College of Mathematics and Information Science Hebei University Hebei Key Laboratory of Machine Learning and Computational Intelligence Baoding071002 China School of Cyber Security and Computer Hebei University Baoding071000 China

ISBN: (纸本)9798331510831

Weakly supervised video anomaly detection (WSVAD) often relies on Multiple Instance Learning (MIL). However, selecting only the most discriminative segments for training limits the model's ability to comprehensively detect anomalous events, particularly hard anomalies. To overcome this limitation, we propose the Discriminative Score Suppression (DSS) module. This module suppresses the discriminative scores of the most prominent anomalies, shifting the model's attention to less obvious but important hard anomalies. This approach guides the model to learn the critical features of hard anomalies, enabling a more comprehensive detection of anomalous events. Additionally, the Anomaly Score Refinement (ASR) module constructs a dissimilarity-based classifier by storing normal patterns as prototypes, and integrates this with a neural network classifier. By combining the anomaly scores from both classifiers, more accurate detection of true hard anomalies is achieved. A score-sensitive inner-bag loss function not only adjusts penalties based on anomaly scores but also ensures that the model avoids erroneous selections. Our method accurately detects various anomalies, including challenging and multi-segment anomalies, while minimizing false positives for normal events. Extensive experiments show that the proposed framework outperforms state-of-the-art methods on the UCF-Crime and XD-Violence datasets. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Supervised learning

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Improving MPCitH with Preprocessing: Mask Is All You Need

IACR Transactions on Cryptographic Hardware and Embedded Sys...

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IACR Transactions on Cryptographic Hardware and Embedded Systems 2025年第2期2025卷 1-22页

作者： Liu, Guowei Liu, Guoxiao Jiang, Kaijie Yu, Qingyuan Jia, Keting Wei, Puwen Wang, Meiqin School of Cyber Science and Technology Shandong University Qingdao China Institute for Network Sciences and Cyberspace Tsinghua University Beijing China Institute for Advanced Study Tsinghua University Beijing China Quan Cheng Shandong Laboratory Jinan China Zhongguancun Laboratory Beijing China BNRist Tsinghua University Beijing China Key Laboratory of Cryptologic Technology and Information Security Ministry of Education Shandong University Jinan China

The MPC-in-the-head with preprocessing (MPCitH-PP) paradigm presents a novel approach for constructing post-quantum digital signatures like Picnic3. This paper revisits the MPCitH-PP construction, analyzing both its offline and online phases and proposing a reformulation of the protocol. By identifying redundant computations in these phases, we optimize them into a single phase, thereby enhancing the efficiency of MPCitH-PP. Furthermore, we explore the independence of the mask, demonstrating that it can be calculated in parallel, which also enables the optimization of the masked witness calculation. Our optimized implementation of Picnic3 shows significant improvements. At the L1 security level, the optimal software implementation reduces MPCitH-PP calculation time to about 30% of the previous implementation. The optimal signature implementation costs about 78% of the previous implementation time. At the L5 security level, MPCitH-PP with parallelism optimal is reduced to about 26% of the previous solution’s time, and the optimal signature implementation runs at about 53% of the previous solution’s time. For the hardware implementation, our optimizations reduce the clock cycles of MPCitH-PP from r sequential rounds to a single parallel round, where r denotes the number of rounds in the LowMC algorithm, with little change in hardware usage, and perform better in AT product, especially for parallel computing. © 2025, Ruhr-University of Bochum. All rights reserved.

关键词： Masks

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LASS: A Novel and Economical Data Augmentation Framework Based on Language Models for Debiasing Opinion Summarization 31

LASS: A Novel and Economical Data Augmentation Framework Bas...

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31st International Conference on Computational Linguistics, COLING 2025

作者： Zhang, Yanyue Li, Pengfei Lai, Yilong He, Yulan Zhou, Deyu School of Computer Science and Engineering Key Laboratory of Computer Network and Information Integration Ministry of Education Southeast University China Department of Informatics King's College London United Kingdom The Alan Turing Institute United Kingdom

ISBN: (纸本)9798891761964

As more than 70% of reviews in the existing opinion summary data set are positive, current opinion summarization approaches are hesitant to generate negative summaries given the input of negative texts. To address such sentiment bias, a direct approach without the reliance on a specific structure is to generate additional data based on large language models to balance the emotional distribution of the dataset. However, large-scale data augmentation based on large language models faces an apparent disadvantage, the expensive costs. Therefore, in this paper, we propose LASS, a novel data augmentation framework based on both LArge and Small language models for debiaSing opinion summarization. Specifically, a small number of synthesized negative reviews is obtained by rewriting the positive text via a large language model. Then, a disentangle reconstruction model is trained based on the generated data. After training, a large amount of synthetic data can be obtained by decoding the new representation obtained from the combination of different sample representations and filtering based on perplexity degree and sentiment classification. Experiments have proved that LASS can effectively alleviate emotional bias, similar to using only large models, but in a more economical way. © 2025 Association for Computational Linguistics.

关键词： Data assimilation

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Tomato Leaf Disease Identification and Growth Dataset Augmentation Based on UAE-GAN 13

Tomato Leaf Disease Identification and Growth Dataset Augmen...

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13th International Conference on Intelligent Control and information Processing, ICICIP 2025

作者： Li, Xin Li, Fang Luo, Xiaonan School of Computer Science and Information Security Guilin University of Electronic Technology Guilin541004 China Guilin541004 China Guangxi Key Laboratory of Image and Graphic Intelligent Processing Guilin541004 China

ISBN: (纸本)9798331516147

To delve into the characterization of growth disorders in different crops, it is important to support the model with a large amount of image data that includes a variety of disease types and disease levels to capture the typical and subtle differences of various diseases on plant leaves. However, the actual process of gathering data is challenging, sample coverage is challenging to accomplish, data capture is impeded, and the quality of the data is subpar. This work aims to address the issue of data shortages by employing technical methods. In particular, we creatively investigated the UAE-GAN approach, which naturally combines CycleGAN, U-Net, Variational Autoencoder VAE, and Autoencoder to increase the data. Among these, U-Net can precisely extract the small details of disease locations in crop photos and provide a strong basis for further processing thanks to its special codec architectural benefits. The Variational Autoencoder (VAE) significantly enhances the diversity of data by mapping the image to the latent space and sampling based on a certain probability distribution, so producing new image samples that are distinct from the original image yet inherently connected. Learning the coding and decoding of the original image is the foundation of autoencoders. If a mild disruption is introduced into the coding process, it can achieve data augmentation in another dimension and create a sequence of new images with just little modifications to the original image. The aforementioned models are closely linked with CycleGAN to efficiently map and convert in a variety of picture domains and to fully leverage CycleGAN's remarkable unsupervised image conversion capabilities. The perception ability, feature capture ability, and information conversion ability of the fusion model for crop image data are significantly improved, and the key elements of each link in the data enhancement process are comprehensively considered to ensure that the generated new image data can not o

关键词： Fruits

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DTPN: A Diffusion-based Traffic Purification network for Tor Website Fingerprinting 25

DTPN: A Diffusion-based Traffic Purification Network for Tor...

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18th ACM International Conference on Web Search and Data Mining, WSDM 2025

作者： Yang, Chenchen Xiao, Xi Hu, Guangwu Ling, Zhen Li, Hao Zhang, Bin Shenzhen International Graduate School Tsinghua University Shenzhen China Key Laboratory of Cyberspace Security Ministry of Education of China Zhengzhou China Peng Cheng Laboratory Shenzhen China Shenzhen Institute of Information Technology Shenzhen China Southeast University Nanjing China National Key Laboratory of Advanced Communication Network Shijiazhuang China

ISBN: (纸本)9798400713293

Website Fingerprinting attack is a type of method used to classify network traffic generated by users on the Tor (The Onion Router) based on the websites they visit, leading to the leakage of individuals' privacy . For Website Fingerprinting attack, network traffic defense methods involve adding noise to the original network traffic to render the attacker's methods ineffective. Previous attack methods primarily focused on improving classification accuracy by enhancing the attack model, with adversarial training being the most common approach. However, adversarial training requires frequent updates and exhibits poor generalization when dealing with previously unseen network traffic protection methods. In order to address the limitations of adversarial training, a novel method is proposed leveraging a diffusion model for network traffic purification. This paper is the first to use a diffusion model to resist network traffic defense based on adversarial perturbations. The diffusion models are theoretically suited for data purification in the training mode, i.e., removing noises generated by adversarial perturbations from the data. Our method enables existing network traffic classification methods to maintain effective classification of network traffic after protection without requiring retraining, while also achieving good generalization performance with previously unseen network traffic defense methods. The purified network traffic data can effectively improve the robustness of existing website fingerprinting methods. Experiments conducted under various network traffic defense strategies demonstrate that the proposed method increases accuracy by up to 60.8% on DF dataset and 50.3% on CW100 dataset, respectively, compared to adversarial training. © 2025 Copyright held by the owner/author(s).

关键词： Websites

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Verifiable and Forward-Secure Multi-keyword Query in Internet of Medical Things

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IEEE Internet of Things Journal 2025年

作者： Li, Hongjun He, Debiao Feng, Qi Luo, Min Wuhan University Key Laboratory of Aerospace Information Security and Trusted Computing Ministry of Education School of Cyber Science and Engineering Wuhan China Wuhan University School of Cyber Science and Engineering Wuhan China Key Laboratory of Computing Power Network and Information Security Ministry of Education Shandong Computer Science Center Jinan250014 China National Key Laboratory of Security Communication Chengdu China

The Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) plays a pivotal role in modern healthcare systems, enhancing patients' medical experiences and improving the efficiency of public medical services. However, concerns regarding security and privacy may hinder the widespread implementation and development of IoMT in practical applications. Dynamic Searchable Symmetric Encryption (DSSE) can maintain search capabilities on encrypted data, even when files are dynamically added or deleted. Earlier DSSE schemes typically support only single keyword query and provide forward security under the assumption of semi-honest servers, which significantly limits their applicability in real-world scenarios. To resolve these limitations, we propose a forward-secure and verifiable DSSE scheme that supports multi-keyword conjunctive query. Our scheme ensures forward security by utilizing a chain structure and guarantees correctness and completeness through RSA accumulator and Homomorphic Message Authentication Code (HMAC). Furthermore, we integrate the forward index and inverted index to enable efficient retrieval. Through comprehensive security and performance analysis, we demonstrate that our scheme effectively protects users' privacy while maintaining low computation and communication overheads. Finally, some experimental evaluations are conducted to verify both the correctness and efficiency of the proposed scheme. © 2014 IEEE.

关键词： Structured Query Language

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A numerical magnitude aware multi-channel hierarchical encoding network for math word problem solving

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Neural Computing and Applications 2025年第3期37卷 1651-1672页

作者： Xu, Junjie Chen, Yuzhong Xiao, Lingsheng Liao, Hongmiao Zhong, Jiayuan Dong, Chen College of Computer and Data Science Fuzhou University Fujian Province Fuzhou350108 China Engineering Research Center of Big Data Intelligence Ministry of Education Fuzhou China Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Network Computing and Intelligent Information Processing Fujian Province Fuzhou350108 China

Math word problem (MWP) represents a critical research area within reading comprehension, where accurate comprehension of math problem text is crucial for generating math expressions. However, current approaches still grapple with unresolved challenges in grasping the sensitivity of math problem text and delineating distinct roles across various clause types, and enhancing numerical representation. To address these challenges, this paper proposes a Numerical Magnitude Aware Multi-Channel Hierarchical Encoding network (NMA-MHEA) for math expression generation. Firstly, NMA-MHEA implements a multi-channel hierarchical context encoding module to learn context representations at three different channels: intra-clause channel, inter-clause channel, and context-question interaction channel. NMA-MHEA constructs hierarchical constituent-dependency graphs for different levels of sentences and employs a Hierarchical Graph Attention Neural network (HGAT) to learn syntactic and semantic information within these graphs at the intra-clause and inter-clause channels. NMA-MHEA then refines context clauses using question information at the context-question interaction channel. Secondly, NMA-MHEA designs a number encoding module to enhance the relative magnitude information among numerical values and type information of numerical values. Experimental results on two public benchmark datasets demonstrate that NMA-MHEA outperforms other state-of-the-art models. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag London Ltd., part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Semantics

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