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A Deep Learning-Based Algorithm for Energy and Performance Optimization of Computational Offloading in Mobile Edge Computing

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Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2023年第1期2023卷

作者： Khan, Israr Raza, Salman Rehman, Waheed Ur Khan, Razaullah Nahida, Kiran Tao, Xiaofeng National Engineering Laboratory for Mobile Network Technologies Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications Beijing100876 China Department of Computer Science National Textile University Faisalabad Pakistan Department of Computer Science University of Peshawar Peshawar Pakistan Department of Computer Science University of Engineering and Technology Mardan Pakistan Beijing Laboratory of Advanced Information Network Beijing Key Laboratory of Network System Architecture and Convergence Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications China

Mobile edge computing (MEC) has produced incredible outcomes in the context of computationally intensive mobile applications by offloading computation to a neighboring server to limit the energy usage of user equipment (UE). However, choosing a pool of application components to offload in addition to the volume of data transfer along with the latency in communication is an intricate issue. In this article, we introduce a novel energy-efficient offloading scheme based on deep neural networks. The proposed scheme trains an intelligent decision-making model that picks a robust pool of application components. The selection is based on factors such as the remaining UE battery power, network conditions, the volume of data transfer, required energy by the application components, postponements in communication, and computational load. We have designed the cost function taking all the mentioned factors, get the cost for all conceivable combinations of component offloading decisions, pick the robust decisions over an extensive dataset, and train a deep neural network as a substitute for the exhaustive computations associated. Model outcomes illustrate that our proposed scheme is proficient in the context of accuracy, root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE), and energy usage of UE. © 2023 Israr Khan et al.

关键词： Data transfer

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Precise Timing over Beyond 5G Networks for Intelligent Transport in the Smart City

Precise Timing over Beyond 5G Networks for Intelligent Trans...

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IEEE International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC)

作者： Hongxing Li Guochu Shou Yaqiong Liu Yihong Hu State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology School of Computer Science (National Pilot Software Engineering School) Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications Beijing China Beijing Key Laboratory of Network System Architecture and Convergence School of Information and Communication Engineering Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications Beijing China

ISBN: (数字)9798350362244

ISBN: (纸本)9798350362251

The need for precise timing is increasing with the development of the smart city, and intelligent transport is a key application that often relies on the distribution of accurate timing. Existing time synchronization solutions cannot adequately meet the precise timing needs for practical applications in intelligent transportation. Global Navigation Satellite systems (GNSS) signals, for instance, can be obstructed, weakened, or deflected in urban canyon environments. While certain sectors like telecommunications and smart grids have successfully adopted IEEE 1588 for high-precision time synchronization, its dependence on standalone networks and limited application within local area networks poses challenges when catering to the wide-ranging and mobile demands of intelligent transportation applications. This paper categorizes the time synchronization requirements of intelligent transport and proposes a time synchronization scheme over converged networks, which separates time transmission and precision compensation based on software-defined networking (SDN) principles, and makes it possible to provide precise timing for intelligent transport devices, including on-board units (OBUs) and roadside units (RSUs), over wired and wireless communication networks. Experimental results indicate that the proposed scheme achieves a relative time error of less than 1.2 microseconds over the converged networks.

关键词： Wireless communication Global navigation satellite system Accuracy Smart cities Transportation Telecommunications Smart grids Synchronization Software defined networking Local area networks

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VMGuard: An Integrity Monitoring system for Management Virtual Machines

VMGuard: An Integrity Monitoring System for Management Virtu...

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International Conference on Parallel and Distributed systems (ICPADS)

作者： Haifeng Fang Yiqiang Zhao Hongyong Zang H. Howie Huang Ying Song Yuzhong Sun Zhiyong Liu University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing Beijing CN Key Laboratory of Computer System and Architecture Institute of Computing Technology Chinese Academy and Sciences China George Washington University Washington D.C. DC USA

A cloud computing provider can dynamically allocate virtual machines (VM) based on the needs of the customers, while maintaining the privileged access to the Management Virtual Machine that directly manages the hardware and supports the guest VMs. The customers must trust the cloud providers to protect the confidentiality and integrity of their applications and data. However, as the VMs from different customers are running on the same host, an attack to the management virtual machine will easily lead to the compromise of the guest VMs. Therefore, it is critical for a cloud computing system to ensure the trustworthiness of management VMs. To this end, we propose VMGuard, an integrity monitoring and detecting system for management virtual machines in a distributed environment. VMGuard utilizes a special VM, Guard Domain, which runs on each physical node to monitor the co-resident management VMs. The integrity measurements collected by the Guard Domains are sent to the VMGuard server for safe store and independent analysis. The experimental evaluation of a Xen-based prototype shows that VMGuard can quickly detect the root kit attacks while the performance overhead is low.

关键词： Driver circuits Kernel Servers Monitoring Engines Virtual machining Area measurement

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HPP-Controller: An intra-node controller designed for connecting heterogeneous CPUs

HPP-Controller: An intra-node controller designed for connec...

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IEEE International Conference on Cluster Computing

作者： Qiang Li Panyong Zhang Ninghui Sun Chinese Academy and Sciences China Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing Beijing CN National Research Center of Intelligent Computing Systems Institute of Computing Technology Key Laboratory of Computer System and Architecture Chinese Academy and Sciences China

Heterogeneity is considered as a solution for supercomputers to scale to petascale. Many systems which are composed of general CPUs and special processing units such as Cells, GPGPUs and FPGAs have been implemented. In these systems, CPU needs interact with special processing units to process data together, thus communications between these heterogeneous processing units become a key problem, and the communication subsytem should provide low latency and high bandwidth. In this paper, we propose HPP-Controller, which is designed for connecting two different types of CPUs (AMD and Loongson) in one node. It connects heterogeneous CPUs on top of no-coherent HyperTransport (HT) fabric and supports Global Physical Address Space. We implement a FPGA-based prototype and evaluate it via experiments. Initial results show that HPP-Controller has low latency of 0.75 us and high bandwidth close to bandwith of HT links.

关键词： Joining processes Central Processing Unit Delay Bandwidth Supercomputers Petascale computing Control systems Field programmable gate arrays Access protocols Sun

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A HW/SW co-design of execution migration for shared-ISA heterogeneous chip multiprocessors

A HW/SW co-design of execution migration for shared-ISA hete...

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2013 IEEE 8th International Conference on Networking, architecture and Storage, NAS 2013

作者： Liu, Hongwei Sang, Bo Huang, Jing Qiu, Ji Gao, Xiang Key Laboratory of Computer System and Architecture Chinese Academy of Sciences No. 6 Kexueyuan South Road Zhongguanchun Haidian District Beijing China Institute of Computing Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences No. 6 Kexueyuan South Road Zhongguanchun Haidian District Beijing China Yuquan Road Shijingshan District Beijing China Loongson Corporation No. 10 Kexueyuan South Road Zhongguanchun Haidian District Beijing China Deptartment of Computer Science Purdue University Lawson Computer Science Build 305 N University Street West Lafayette IN United States

ISBN: (纸本)9780769550343

Heterogeneous multi-core processors have strong potential for performance improvement, energy efficiency and area efficiency, compared to the homogeneous multi-core processors. The present methods of execution migration for heterogeneous multi-core processor suffer in efficiency, cost, compatibility, or programmability. In this paper, we propose a HW/SW code sign migration method based on binary-instrumentation. Our method takes full advantage of the shared-ISA. It enhances the performance of heterogeneous chip multiprocessor with low HW/SW cost. And it's not required to modify source codes or compile system. The experiment results show that the efficiency of our method is 3.29 times of kernel simulation. © 2013 IEEE.

关键词： Energy efficiency

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A Sparse Superposition Multiple Access Scheme and Performance Analysis for 5G Wireless Communication systems

A Sparse Superposition Multiple Access Scheme and Performanc...

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IEEE International Conference on Communications in China Workshops (ICCC)

作者： Kai Zhang Jin Xu Changchuan Yin Weiqiang Tan Chunguo Li Beijing Key Laboratory of Network System Architecture and Convergence Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications Beijing China School of Computer and Communication Engineering Zhengzhou University of Light Industry Zhengzhou China School of Computer Science Guangzhou University Guangzhou China National Communications Research Laboratory Southeast University Nanjing China

ISBN: (纸本)9781538670125;9781538670118

Orthogonal multiple access (OMA) is widely employed in traditional cellular wireless communication systems due to a low-complexity receiver is needed. However, multiple access scheme with higher spectral efficiency and the capability of access more users than OMA scheme is preferred for the future wireless communication systems. In this work, we propose a non-orthogonal multiple access scheme called sparse superposition multiple access (SSMA) by superposing more users to a limited number of time-frequency resource for the uplink transmission in the fifth generation (5G) wireless communication systems. Moreover, we design two sparse superposition matrices (SSMs) for 150% and 200% overloaded SSMA scheme. Then, a low complexity belief propagation detection and decoding algorithm based multiple user detection is proposed. Furthermore, we utilize extrinsic information transfer chart to analyze the superiority of the proposed SSMs theoretically and the numerical results show that the proposed SSM with an overload of 150% has a gain of about 1 dB compared to the existing scheme. Finally, simulation results demonstrate that the proposed scheme outperforms the traditional OMA scheme and the existing scheme significantly.

关键词： Multiuser detection Wireless communication Conferences Convergence Maximum likelihood decoding Message passing Receivers

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Loop fusion conscious inline model

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Jisuanji Yanjiu yu Fazhan/computer Research and Development 2007年第7期44卷 1265-1271页

作者： Zhou, Qian Feng, Xiaobing Zhang, Zhaoqing Key Laboratory of Computer System and Architecture Institute of Computing Technology Chinese Acad. of Sci. Beijing 100080 China

Optimization directed inlining is a good direction for inlining, but it does not consider the factor of the execution frequency and size of the function. Although a traditional inlining model considers the factor of execution frequency and size of the function, it does not consider the optimization after inlining. In this paper, a new inline model, loop fusion conscious inline model, is proposed to avoid these drawbacks of the inline model of the past. It considers both execution frequency and size and optimization. The inlining method which only considers loop fusion is implemented and is added into the ORC's original inline model. Then the new inline model is built and the model is tuned for high performance. In the experiment, some fact is found that temperature (execution frequency) isn't effective in some cases, and the reason is analyzed. Experiment result shows that the new model can greatly improve the performance of the compiler, and some SPEC CPU 2000 benchmark's peak performance can increase as high as 6%, and 1% on average.

关键词： Program compilers

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BTI Aging Monitoring based on SRAM Start-up Behavior

BTI Aging Monitoring based on SRAM Start-up Behavior

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Asian Test Symposium (ATS)

作者： Shengyu Duan Peng Wang Gaole Sai School of Computer Engineering and Science Shanghai University Shanghai China State Key Laboratory of Computer Architecture Institute of Computing Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences China State Key Laboratory of Mathematical Engineering and Advanced Computing Wuxi China Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Robotics and Intelligent System Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences China CAS Key Laboratory of Human-Machine Intelligence-Synergy Systems Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology China

ISBN: (数字)9781728174679

ISBN: (纸本)9781728174686

Bias Temperature Instability (BTI) is one of the dominant CMOS aging mechanisms. It causes time-dependent variation, threatening circuit lifetime reliability. BTI-induced circuit errors are not detectable at the fabrication stage. On-line monitoring schemes are therefore necessary to capture the degradations during the operational time. Traditional aging monitoring techniques exhibit high implementation complexity and low stability. In this paper, we propose a BTI monitoring approach by simply tracking the start-up behavior of SRAM cells. SRAM is a widely used on-chip device in many applications. We study the impact of BTI for SRAM start-up values and age some cells in a manipulated manner. The BTI degradation is evaluated based on the number of SRAM cells starting with a certain value. This technique can be used to estimate the degradation for on-chip logic circuits without introducing additional circuitry, and thus has very low implementation complexity. We use an SRAM array with 1024 cells to estimate the degradations for multiple logic circuits, and show the average mean absolute percentage error as 8.48%. In addition, this technique is robust considering process, voltage and temperature variations.

关键词： Degradation Monitoring Logic circuits Transistors SRAM cells Aging system-on-chip

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Content-based 3-D Shape Retrieval for Pervasive Computing

Content-based 3-D Shape Retrieval for Pervasive Computing

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International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Applications (ICPCA)

作者： Dong Xu Hua Li Zongkai Lin Chinese Academy of Sciences China Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Computer System and Architecture Institute of Computing Technology Chinese Academy of Science National Research Center for Intelligent Computing Systems Institute of Computing Technology Chinese Academy of Science. lihua@*** Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing Chinese Academy and Sciences China

3D models are a new kind of cross-media resource which can be frequently seen in the network. Since the amount of them is very huge now, content-based retrieval can help to recognize a certain object or retrieve similar ones from the giant database. This paper presents a new method for deriving 3D moment invariants and uses them as shape descriptors for the representation of 3D models. They are insensitive to surface noise and can be used in pervasive environment conveniently. We also illustrate how to build up experimental system and simulate 3D shape retrieval in wireless environment

关键词： Shape Content based retrieval Pervasive computing Information retrieval Humans Internet Application software Laboratories Intelligent networks computer networks

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Transmission mode selection for downlink transmission in LTE-A networks

Transmission mode selection for downlink transmission in LTE...

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IEEE International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC)

作者： Jian Yu Geoffrey Ye Li Changchuan Yin Xiaolong Zhu Yusun Fu Beijing Key Laboratory of Network System Architecture and Convergence Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications Beijing China School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta Georgia USA Huawei Shanghai Research Institute Shanghai China

In this paper, we investigate mode selection for coordinated multi-point (CoMP) transmission in downlink LTE-A networks, where inter-cluster interference exists. The proposed scheme selects the single-cell (SC) or coordinated beamforming (CB) transmission mode according to interference level to maximize the weighted sum rate with fairness consideration. To formulate the optimization problem, an approximated closed-form expression for the achievable rate is derived by modeling the probability distributions of signal and interference powers as Gamma distributions. Since the original optimization problem is a combinatorial and non-convex one with high complexity, a low-complexity and sub-optimal algorithm is proposed, which first performs coordinated cell selection and then transmission mode selection. Simulation results show that the closed-form approximation of the achievable rate is very tight and the proposed mode selection scheme can improve the average system throughput by 13% and the 10th percentile user throughput by 10% compared with the existing scheme.

关键词： Interference Optimization Approximation methods Closed-form solutions Downlink Signal to noise ratio Land mobile radio

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