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A Reduced Reachability Tree for a Class of Unbounded Petri Nets

IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2015年第4期2卷 345-352页

作者： Shouguang Wang Mengdi Gan Mengchu Zhou Dan You School of Information and Electronic Engineering Zhejiang Gongshang University State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University Ministry of Education(MoE)Key Laboratory of Embedded System and Service Computing Tongji University MoE Key Laboratory of Embedded System and Service Computing Tongji University Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering New Jersey Institute of Technology

As a powerful analysis tool of Petri nets, reachability trees are fundamental for systematically investigating many characteristics such as boundedness, liveness and reversibility. This work proposes a method to generate a reachability tree, called ωRT for short, for a class of unbounded generalized nets called ω-independent nets based on new modified reachability trees (NMRTs). ωRT can effectively decrease the number of nodes by removing duplicate and ω-duplicate nodes in the tree, and verify properties such as reachability, liveness and deadlocks. Two examples are provided to show its superiority over NMRTs in terms of tree size. © 2014 Chinese Association of Automation.

关键词： Petri nets

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Latency critical big data computing in finance

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Journal of Finance and Data Science 2015年第1期1卷 33-41页

作者： Tian, Xinhui Han, Rui Wang, Lei Lu, Gang Zhan, Jianfeng State Key Laboratory of Computer Architecture Institute of Computing Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences China

Analytics based on big data computing can benefit today's banking and financial organizations on many aspects, and provide much valuable information for organizations to achieve more intelligent trading, which can help them to gain a great competitive advantage. However, the large scale of data and the critical latency analytics requirement in finance poses a great challenge for current system architecture. In this paper, we first analyze the challenges brought by the financial latency critical big data computing, then propose a discussion on how to handle these challenges from a perspective of multi-level system. We also talk about current researches on low latency in different system levels. The discussions and conclusions in the paper can be useful to the banking and financial organizations with the critical latency requirement of big data analytics. © 2015 China Science Publishing & Media Ltd.

关键词： Big data Financial analytics Latency

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Memory bandwidth optimization of SpMV on GPGPUs

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Frontiers of computer Science 2015年第3期9卷 431-441页

作者： Chenggang Clarence YAN Hui YU Weizhi XU Yingping ZHANG Bochuan CHEN Zhu TIAN Yuxuan WANG Jian YIN Key Lab of Intelligent Information Processing Institute of Computing Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China Institute of Microelectronics Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China Automation Department Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China State Key Laboratory of Computer Architecture Institute of Computing Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China State Grid Information & Communication Company of Hunan EPC Changsha 410007 China Department of Computer Shandong University Weihai 250101 China

It is an important task to improve performance for sparse matrix vector multiplication （SpMV）, and it is a difficult task because of its irregular memory access. Gen- eral purpose GPU （GPGPU） provides high computing abil- ity and substantial bandwidth that cannot be fully exploited by SpMV due to its irregularity. In this paper, we propose two novel methods to optimize the memory bandwidth for SpMV on GPGPU. First, a new storage format is proposed to exploit memory bandwidth of GPU architecture more effi- ciently. The new storage format can ensure that there are as many non-zeros as possible in the format which is suitable to exploit the memory bandwidth of the GPU. Second, we pro- pose a cache blocking method to improve the performance of SpMV on GPU architecture. The sparse matrix is partitioned into sub-blocks that are stored in CSR format. With the block- ing method, the corresponding part of vector x can be reused in the GPU cache, so the time to access the global memory for vector x is reduced heavily. Experiments are carried out on three GPU platforms, GeForce 9800 GX2, GeForce GTX 480, and Tesla K40. Experimental results show that both new methods can efficiently improve the utilization of GPU mem- ory bandwidth and the performance of the GPU.

关键词： GPGPU performance tuning SpMV cacheblocking memory bandwidth

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Frequency Scheduling For Resilient Chip Multi-Processors Operating at Near Threshold Voltage

Frequency Scheduling For Resilient Chip Multi-Processors Ope...

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Design, Automation & Test in Europe Conference & Exhibition

作者： Ying Wang Huawei Li Xiaowei Li State Key Laboratory of Computer Architecture Institute of Computing Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences China

ISBN: (纸本)9781467392280

With the recently proposed redundancy-based core salvaging technology, resilient processors can survive the threat of severe timing violation induced by near-threshold Vdd and function correctly at aggressive clock rates. In our observation, proactively disabling the weakest components that limit the core frequency can still maintain a higher throughput at Near Threshold Voltage (NTV) supply if the cores with defected components are salvaged at a low cost. In this work, a resilience-aware frequency scaling and mapping strategy that considers defected processor states in scheduling is proposed to exploit the fault-tolerant architectures for higher energy efficiency. In our evaluation, it is witnessed that typical resilient multi-core processors can achieve significantly higher performance per watt in experiments compared to conventional scheduling policy.

关键词： NTV multi-core scheduling fault-tolerant

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Accelerating Iterative Big Data computing Through MPI

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Journal of computer Science & technology 2015年第2期30卷 283-294页

作者：梁帆鲁小亿 State Key Laboratory of Computer Architecture Institute of Computing Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China Department of Computer Science and Engineering The Ohio State University Columbus OH 43210-1277 U.S.A

Current popular systems, Hadoop and Spark, cannot achieve satisfied performance because of the inefficient overlapping of computation and communication when running iterative big data applications. The pipeline of computing, data movement, and data management plays a key role for current distributed data computing systems. In this paper, we first analyze the overhead of shuffle operation in Hadoop and Spark when running PageRank workload, and then propose an event-driven pipeline and in-memory shuffle design with better overlapping of computation and communication as DataMPI- Iteration, an MPI-based library, for iterative big data computing. Our performance evaluation shows DataMPI-Iteration can achieve 9X-21X speedup over Apache Hadoop, and 2X-3X speedup over Apache Spark for PageRank and K-means.

关键词： iterative computation DataMPI Spark Hadoop MapReduce

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F-CNN: An FPGA-based framework for training Convolutional Neural Networks

F-CNN: An FPGA-based framework for training Convolutional Ne...

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International Conference on Application Specific systems (ASAP), architectures and Processors

作者： Wenlai Zhao Haohuan Fu Wayne Luk Teng Yu Shaojun Wang Bo Feng Yuchun Ma Guangwen Yang Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling and Center for Earth System Science Tsinghua University China Tsinghua National Laboratory for Information Science and Technology China Department of Computing Imperial college London UK Department of Automatic Test and Control Harbin Institute of Technology China Department of Computer Science and Technology Tsinghua University China

ISBN: (纸本)9781509015047

This paper presents a novel reconfigurable framework for training Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs). The proposed framework is based on reconfiguring a streaming datapath at runtime to cover the training cycle for the various layers in a CNN. The streaming datapath can support various parameterized modules which can be customized to produce implementations with different trade-offs in performance and resource usage. The modules follow the same input and output data layout, simplifying configuration scheduling. For different layers, instances of the modules contain different computation kernels in parallel, which can be customized with different layer configurations and data precision. The associated models on performance, resource and bandwidth can be used in deriving parameters for the datapath to guide the analysis of design trade-offs to meet application requirements or platform constraints. They enable estimation of the implementation specifications given different layer configurations, to maximize performance under the constraints on bandwidth and hardware resources. Experimental results indicate that the proposed module design targeting Maxeler technology can achieve a performance of 62.06 GFLOPS for 32-bit floating-point arithmetic, outperforming existing accelerators. Further evaluation based on training LeNet-5 shows that the proposed framework achieves about 4 times faster than CPU implementation of Caffe and about 7.5 times more energy efficient than the GPU implementation of Caffe.

关键词： Training Field programmable gate arrays Convolution Computational modeling Bandwidth Neural networks Runtime

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Genetic analysis of over 1 million people identifies 535 new loci associated with blood pressure traits (vol 50, pg 1412, 2018)

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NATURE GENETICS 2018年第12期50卷 1755-1755页

作者： Evangelou, Evangelos Warren, Helen R. Mosen-Ansorena, David Mifsud, Borbala Pazoki, Raha Gao, He Ntritsos, Georgios Dimou, Niki Cabrera, Claudia P. Karaman, Ibrahim Fu Liang Ng Evangelou, Marina Witkowska, Katarzyna Tzanis, Evan Hellwege, Jacklyn N. Giri, Ayush Edwards, Digna R. Velez Sun, Yan V. Cho, Kelly Gaziano, J. Michael Wilson, Peter W. F. Tsao, Philip S. Kovesdy, Csaba P. Esko, Tonu Magi, Reedik Milani, Lili Almgren, Peter Boutin, Thibaud Debette, Stephanie Ding, Jun Giulianini, Franco Holliday, Elizabeth G. Jackson, Anne U. Li-Gao, Ruifang Lin, Wei-Yu Luan, Jian'an Mangino, Massimo Oldmeadow, Christopher Prins, Bram Peter Qian, Yong Sargurupremraj, Muralidharan Shah, Nabi Surendran, Praveen Theriault, Sebastien Verweij, Niek Willems, Sara M. Zhao, Jing-Hua Amouyel, Philippe Connell, John de Mutsert, Renee Doney, Alex S. F. Farrall, Martin Menni, Cristina Morris, Andrew D. Noordam, Raymond Pare, Guillaume Poulter, Neil R. Shields, Denis C. Stanton, Alice Thom, Simon Abecasis, Goncalo Amin, Najaf Arking, Dan E. Ayers, Kristin L. Barbieri, Caterina M. Batini, Chiara Bis, Joshua C. Blake, Tineka Bochud, Murielle Boehnke, Michael Boerwinkle, Eric Boomsma, Dorret I. Bottinger, Erwin P. Braund, Peter S. Brumat, Marco Campbell, Archie Campbell, Harry Chakravarti, Aravinda Chambers, John C. Chauhan, Ganesh Ciullo, Marina Cocca, Massimiliano Collins, Francis Cordell, Heather J. Davies, Gail de Borst, Martin H. de Geus, Eco J. Deary, Ian J. Deelen, Joris Del Greco, Fabiola M. Demirkale, Cumhur Yusuf Dorr, Marcus Ehret, Georg B. Elosua, Roberto Enroth, Stefan Erzurumluoglu, A. Mesut Ferreira, Teresa Franberg, Mattias Franco, Oscar H. Gandin, Ilaria Gasparini, Paolo Giedraitis, Vilmantas Gieger, Christian Girotto, Giorgia Goel, Anuj Gow, Alan J. Gudnason, Vilmundur Guo, Xiuqing Gyllensten, Ulf Hamsten, Anders Harris, Tamara B. Harris, Sarah E. Hartman, Catharina A. Havulinna, Aki S. Hicks, Andrew A. Hofer, Edith Hofman, Albert Hottenga, Jouke-Jan Huffman, Jennifer E. Hwang, Shih-Jen Ingelsson, Erik James, Alan Jansen Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Imperial College London London UK Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology University of Ioannina Medical School Ioannina Greece William Harvey Research Institute Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry Queen Mary University of London London UK National Institute for Health Research Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Center Queen Mary University of London London UK MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health Imperial College London London UK Department of Mathematics Imperial College London London UK Division of Epidemiology Department of Medicine Institute for Medicine and Public Health Vanderbilt Genetics Institute Vanderbilt University Medical Center Tennessee Valley Healthcare System (626)/Vanderbilt University Nashville TN USA Vanderbilt Genetics Institute Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Vanderbilt University Medical Center Tennessee Valley Health Systems VA Nashville TN USA Department of Epidemiology Emory University Rollins School of Public Health Atlanta GA USA Department of Biomedical Informatics Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta GA USA Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center (MAVERIC) VA Boston Healthcare System Boston MA USA Division of Aging Department of Medicine Brigham and Women’s Hospital Department of Medicine Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA Atlanta VAMC and Emory Clinical Cardiovascular Research Institute Atlanta GA USA VA Palo Alto Health Care System Division of Cardiovascular Medicine Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford CA USA Nephrology Section Memphis VA Medical Center and University of Tennessee Health Science Center Memphis TN USA Estonian Genome Center University of Tartu Tartu Estonia Program in Medical and Population Genetics Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT Cambridge MA USA Department Clinical Sciences Malmö Lund University Malmö Sweden MRC Human Genetics Un

High blood pressure is a highly heritable and modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease. We report the largest genetic association study of blood pressure traits (systolic, diastolic and pulse pressure) to date in over 1 million people of European ancestry. We identify 535 novel blood pressure loci that not only offer new biological insights into blood pressure regulation but also highlight shared genetic architecture between blood pressure and lifestyle exposures. Our findings identify new biological pathways for blood pressure regulation with potential for improved cardiovascular disease prevention in the future.

关键词： Cardiovascular diseases Genome informatics Genome-wide association studies

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Adapting Memory Hierarchies for Emerging Datacenter Interconnects

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Journal of computer Science & technology 2015年第1期30卷 97-109页

作者：江涛侯锐董建波柴琳 Sally A. McKee 田斌张立新孙凝晖 State Key Laboratory of Computer Architecture Institute of Computing Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China Computer Science and Engineering Chalmers University of Technology Gothenburg 41296 Sweden National High Performance Integrated Circuit Design Center (Shanghai) Shanghai 201204 China

Efficient resource utilization requires that emerging datacenter interconnects support both high performance communication and efficient remote resource sharing. These goals require that the network be more tightly coupled with the CPU chips. Designing a new interconnection technology thus requires considering not only the interconnection itself, but also the design of the processors that will rely on it. In this paper, we study memory hierarchy implications for the design of high-speed datacenter interconnects particularly as they affect remote memory access -- and we use PCIe as the vehicle for our investigations. To that end, we build three complementary platforms： a PCIe-interconnected prototype server with which we measure and analyze current bottlenecks; a software simulator that lets us model microarchitectural and cache hierarchy changes; and an FPGA prototype system with a streamlined switchless customized protocol Thunder with which we study hardware optimizations outside the processor. We highlight several architectural modifications to better support remote memory access and communication, and quantify their impact and ]imitations.

关键词： high-speed interconnect memory hierarchy time shared memory datacenter network

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A mutation-based fault injection method for C program

A mutation-based fault injection method for C program

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International Conference on Multimedia, Communication and computing Application, MCCA 2014

作者： Song, H. Wang, Y.W. Qian, G.N. Gong, Y.Z. Wang, Y.W. State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications Beijing China State Key Laboratory of Computer Architecture Institute of Computing Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences China

ISBN: (纸本)9781138027756

Fault injection plays a critical role in the verification of software’s reliability. This paper presents a fault injection method by mutation. Moreover, a strategy of using semantic-based mutators is proposed to improve the efficiency of mutation testing. We implemented the method in FIT, an automatic fault injection tool. Experiments prove that the method is effective and the tool can produce lots of mutants which show that mutation testing is satisfying. © 2015 Taylor & Francis Group, London.

关键词： Semantics

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A method of stub generation for I/O functions in automatic test

A method of stub generation for I/O functions in automatic t...

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International Conference on Multimedia, Communication and computing Application, MCCA 2014

作者： Yang, Y.W. Wang, Y.W. Gong, Y.Z. Wang, Y.W. State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications Beijing China State Key Laboratory of Computer Architecture Institute of Computing Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences China

ISBN: (纸本)9781138027756

Library functions and system calls have been major difficulties faced by automatic test. Input/ output (I/O) functions are a set of common library functions. Testers have to interact with the test procedures if the test program contains I/O functions, resulting in inefficient automatic test. Unlike normal functions, the association between I/O functions and operating on a specific I/O device makes ordinary stub method disabled. Aiming at solving this problem, this paper proposes one solution by I/O device modeling and I/O function modeling. The semantics of the I/O functions are stored in the I/O function model, and the operations of I/O functions are similar to the I/O device model. The final state and properties of the I/O device are represented by two models. Finally the stub code is automatically generated by path-oriented stub generation technology. Experiments show that this method is effective. © 2015 Taylor & Francis Group, London.

关键词： Semantics

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