Effects of endophytes infection on bacterial and fungal communities in soil have been extensively studied. However, how the presence of Epichloë endophytes and environmental factors influence the nitrifying genes...
Effects of endophytes infection on bacterial and fungal communities in soil have been extensively studied. However, how the presence of Epichloë endophytes and environmental factors influence the nitrifying genes abundance of ammonia-oxidizing archaea ( amoA -AOA) and bacteria ( amoA -AOB), and denitrifying genes abundances of N reduction ( nirS and nirK ) and nitrous oxide reduction ( nosZ ) in soil is unclear. In the study, the copy number of 16S rRNA , 18S rRNA , amo A-AOB, amoA -AOA, nirS , nirK , and nosZ genes in rhizosphere soils of drunken horse grass [ Achnatherum inebrians (Hance) Keng] with the infected (E+) and uninfected (E–)endophyte five ecotypes after 3 yr field cultivation were investigated using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The effects of A. inebrians in geographic source on plant growth, soil fertility, and microbial community was greater than in different endophyte status. The copy number of the 16S rRNA , amoA -AOA, nirK , and nosZ genes from different ecotypes (Qinghai, QH; and Tianzhu, TZ) were significantly affected by Epichloë endophyte. The copy number of the 16S rRNA , 18S rRNA , amo A-AOB. amoA -AOA, nirS , nirK , and nosZ genes positively related to soil pH, moisture, C/N ratio, and soil ammonium nitrogen (NH 4 + ), and soil organic carbon (SOC) contents. Endophyte infection significantly increased plant biomass of A. inebrians from QH ecotype. Plant total chlorophyll and soil nitrate nitrogen (NO 3 – ) were the main factor for the Epichloë endophyte and ecotype to affect plant dry weight. Further studies are required to confirm the regulation of soil NO 3 – as an important factor in Epichloë endophyte affecting plant growth and the soil microbial community structure in relation to N cycling. The effects of Epichloë endophyte on plant and soil depends on ecotypes. The response of Epichloë gansuensis was stronger than that of Epichloë inebrians . Epichloë infection altered 16S, amoA -AOB and amoA -AOA, nirK and nosZ genes
The development of a new electrolytic water hydrogen production coupling system is the key to realize efficient and low-cost hydrogen production and promote its practical application. Herein, a green and efficient ele...
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The development of a new electrolytic water hydrogen production coupling system is the key to realize efficient and low-cost hydrogen production and promote its practical application. Herein, a green and efficient electrocatalytic biomass to formic acid (FA) coupled hydrogen production system has been developed. In such a system, carbohydrates such as glucose are oxidized to FA using polyoxometalates (POMs) as the redox anolyte, while H 2 is evolved continuously at the cathode. Among them, the yield of glucose to FA is as high as 62.5 %, and FA is the only liquid product. Furthermore, the system requires only 1.22 V to drive a current density of 50 mA cm −2 , and the Faraday efficiency of hydrogen production is close to 100 %. Its electrical consumption is only 2.9 kWh Nm −3 (H 2 ), which is only 69 % of that of traditional electrolytic water. This work opens up a promising direction for low-cost hydrogen production coupled with efficient biomass conversion.
Rechargeable aqueous Zn-VO x batteries are attracting attention in large scale energy storage applications. Yet, the sluggish Zn 2+ diffusion kinetics and ambiguous structure–property relationship are always challeng...
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Rechargeable aqueous Zn-VO x batteries are attracting attention in large scale energy storage applications. Yet, the sluggish Zn 2+ diffusion kinetics and ambiguous structure–property relationship are always challenging to fulfil the great potential of the batteries. Here we electrodeposit vanadium oxide nanobelts (VO-E) with highly disordered structure. The electrode achieves high capacities (e.g., ≈5 mAh cm −2 , 516 mAh g −1 ), good rate and cycling performances. Detailed structure analysis indicates VO-E is composed of integrated amorphous-crystalline nanoscale domains, forming an efficient heterointerface network in the bulk electrode, which accounts for the good electrochemical properties. Theoretical calculations indicate that the amorphous-crystalline heterostructure exhibits the favorable cation adsorption and lower ion diffusion energy barriers compared to the amorphous and crystalline counterparts, thus accelerating charge carrier mobility and electrochemical activity of the electrode.
A key challenge in personalized product search is to capture user’s preferences. Recent work attempted to model sequences of user historical behaviors, i.e., product purchase histories, to build user profiles and to ...
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A key challenge in personalized product search is to capture user’s preferences. Recent work attempted to model sequences of user historical behaviors, i.e., product purchase histories, to build user profiles and to personalize results accordingly. Although these approaches have demonstrated promising retrieval performances, we notice that most of them focus solely on the intra-sequence interactions between items. However, as there is usually a small amount of historical behavior data, the user profiles learned by these approaches could be very sensitive to the noise included in it. To tackle this problem, we propose incorporating out-of-sequence external information to enhance user modeling. More specifically, we inject the external item-item relations (e.g., belonging to the same brand), and query-query relations (e.g., the semantic similarities between them), into the intra-sequence interaction to learn better user profiles. In addition, we devise two auxiliary decoders, with the historical item sequence reconstruction task and the global item similarity prediction task, to further improve the reliability of user modeling. Experimental results on two datasets from simulated and real user search logs respectively show that the proposed personalized product search method outperforms existing approaches.
The international community has made significant efforts to flatten the COVID-19 curve,including predicting transmission[1,2],executing unprecedented global lockdowns and social distancing[3,4],promoting the wearing o...
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The international community has made significant efforts to flatten the COVID-19 curve,including predicting transmission[1,2],executing unprecedented global lockdowns and social distancing[3,4],promoting the wearing of facemasks and social distancing measures[5],and isolating confirmed cases and contacts[6].Because of the adverse consequences of these lockdown measures[7],many cities have reopened so they can rebuild their ***,as mobility has gradually returned towards normal,imported cases from unknown sources have disrupted the recovery situation,and cities are continually at high risk of new waves of infection[8,9]since airborne transmission is the dominant transmission route[10].
Versatile sensors have broad application prospects in human motion detection, health monitoring, wearable electronic devices and flexible electronic skin and other emerging fields. In this work, the enhanced hydrogel ...
Versatile sensors have broad application prospects in human motion detection, health monitoring, wearable electronic devices and flexible electronic skin and other emerging fields. In this work, the enhanced hydrogel was prepared by freezing and thawing process with calcium ion crosslinking. This composite material shows excellent flexibility and elasticity, and after being cut in half, it can automatically heal well in a short time without external force. It shows great potential in flexible and wearable devices.
We report a promising InSiO film that allows simultaneous observation of sample morphology and Kikuchi patterns in raster scan mode of scanning electron microscopy. This new experimental observation suggests potential...
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