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A Novel Four-Dimensional Prediction Model of Soil Heavy Metal(Loid) Pollution: Geographical Explanations Beyond Artificial Intelligence "Black Box"

SSRN

引用

SSRN 2023年

作者： Wang, Qi Li, Cangbai Hao, Dongmei Shi, Xuewen Xu, Yafei Liu, Tongxu Sun, Weimin Zheng, Zelong Liu, Jianfeng Li, Wanqi Liu, Wengang Zheng, Jiaxue Li, Fangbai National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center for Soil Pollution Control and Remediation in South China Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management Institute of Eco-environmental and Soil Sciences Guangdong Academy of Science Guangzhou510650 China Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education School of Ecology Environment and Resources Guangdong University of Technology Guangzhou510006 China School of Management Lanzhou University Lanzhou730099 China Guangzhou First People’s Hospital School of Medicine South China University of Technology Guangzhou510180 China Research Institute of Forestry Chinese Academy of Forestry Beijing100091 China School of Data Science and Artificial Intelligence Dongbei University of Finance & Economics Dalian116025 China

The existing artificial intelligence (AI)-based prediction approaches of soil pollutants are insufficient to estimate the geospatial source-sink processes and to juggle the interpretability and accuracy, resulting in poor spatial extrapolation and generalization. In this study, we developed and tested a geographically interpretable four-dimensional AI prediction model of soil heavy metal(loid) (Cd) contents (4DGISHM) in Shaoguan city of China from 2016 to 2030. The 4DGISHM approach characterized spatio-temporal changes in source-sink processes of soil Cd. It was operationalized by estimating spatio-temporal patterns and the effects of drivers and their interactions of soil Cd from local to regional scales using TreeExplainer-based SHAP and parallel ensemble AI algorithms. The results indicate that the MSE and R2 values of the prediction model were 0.012 and 0.938, respectively at 1km spatial resolution. The predicted areas exceeding the risk control values of soil Cd across Shaoguan from 2022 to 2030 increased by 22.920% at baseline scenario. In 2030, enterprise and transportation (SHAP values 0.23 and 0.12, respectively) were the major drivers. Soil Cd was only marginally influenced by the driver interactions. Our approach goes beyond AI "black box" to juggle the spatio-temporal source-sink explanation and accuracy, and advances geographically precise prediction and control of soil pollutants. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Forecasting

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Collaborative WSN-UAV data Collection in Smart Agriculture: A Bi-objective Optimization Scheme

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ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks 1000年

作者： Geng Sun Xiaoya Zheng Jiahui Li Hui Kang Shuang Liang 1) College of Computer Science and Technology Jilin University 2) Key Laboratory of Symbolic Computation and Knowledge Engineering of Ministry of Education Jilin University China College of Computer Science and Technology Jilin University China College of Information Science and Technology Northeast Normal University China

Smart agriculture which integrates the agriculture with Internet of Things (IoT) has attracted attention since it contributes to increase the productivity and quality of crops, reduce energy consumption and facilitate the farmers. Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are two most commonly deployed devices that are used for enabling the smart agriculture. In this paper, we design a collaborative WSN-UAV system, wherein different clusters of sensor nodes form different sensor-based virtual antenna arrays (SVAAs) to transmit the collected data towards different receiver UAVs via adopting collaborative beamforming (CB), then the receiver UAVs will take the collected data back to the ground control station (GCS). We formulate a transmission rate and battery energy bi-objective optimization problem (TRBEBOP) to simultaneously maximize the total transmission rate of the sensor-based CB clusters and the total remaining battery energy of the selected sensor nodes, by selecting appropriate sensor nodes in each cluster that can form a predominant SVAA, determining suitable receiver UAVs and optimizing the excitation current weights of the selected sensor nodes. To handle the formulated TRBEBOP that is demonstrated to be non-convex and NP-hard, an enhanced non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II (ENSGA-II) with several specific designs is presented. Simulation results validate the effectiveness of the proposed ENSGA-II for solving the formulated TRBEBOP. Moreover, compared with other benchmark algorithms, the superiority of the proposed ENSGA-II is demonstrated. In addition, the impacts of several fortuitous circumstances on the system are estimated, and the results illustrate the robustness of the proposed scheme. Finally, the discussion about several mechanisms to deal with the interference induced by the sidelobe levels and the impact of UAV movement on receiving rate are provided.

关键词： Smart agriculture wireless sensor networks unmanned aerial vehicles collaborative beamforming multi-objective optimization problem.

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3D-EPI Blip-Up/Down Acquisition (BUDA) with CAIPI and Joint Hankel Structured Low-Rank Reconstruction for Rapid Distortion-Free High-Resolution T2* Mapping

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2022年

作者： Chen, Zhifeng Liao, Congyu Cao, Xiaozhi Poser, Benedikt A. Xu, Zhongbiao Lo, Wei-Ching Wen, Manyi Cho, Jaejin Tian, Qiyuan Wang, Yaohui Feng, Yanqiu Xia, Ling Chen, Wufan Liu, Feng Bilgic, Berkin School of Biomedical Engineering Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Image Processing Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Medical Imaging and Diagnostic Technology Southern Medical University Guangzhou China Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging Massachusetts General Hospital CharlestownMA United States Department of Radiology Harvard Medical School CharlestownMA United States Department of Data Science and AI Faculty of IT Monash University ClaytonVIC Australia Department of Radiology Stanford University Stanford CA United States Maastricht Brain Imaging Center Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience University of Maastricht Netherlands Department of Radiotherapy Cancer Center Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital Guangdong Academy of Medical Science Guangzhou China Siemens Medical Solutions BostonMA United States Department of Chemical Pathology The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong Division of Superconducting Magnet Science and Technology Institute of Electrical Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education Southern Medical University Guangzhou China Department of Biomedical Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou China Research Center for Healthcare Data Science Zhejiang Lab Hangzhou China School of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering The University of Queensland BrisbaneQLD Australia Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA United States

Purpose: This work aims to develop a novel distortion-free 3D-EPI acquisition and image reconstruction technique for fast and robust, high-resolution, whole-brain imaging as well as quantitative T2* mapping. Methods: 3D-Blip-Up and -Down Acquisition (3D-BUDA) sequence is designed for both single- and multi-echo 3D GRE-EPI imaging using multiple shots with blip-up and -down readouts to encode B0 field map information. Complementary k-space coverage is achieved using controlled aliasing in parallel imaging (CAIPI) sampling across the shots. For image reconstruction, an iterative hard-thresholding algorithm is employed to minimize the cost function that combines field map information informed parallel imaging with the structured low-rank constraint for multi-shot 3D-BUDA data. Extending 3D-BUDA to multi-echo imaging permits T2* mapping. For this, we propose constructing a joint Hankel matrix along both echo and shot dimensions to improve the reconstruction. Results: Experimental results on in vivo multi-echo data demonstrate that, by performing joint reconstruction along with both echo and shot dimensions, reconstruction accuracy is improved compared to standard 3D-BUDA reconstruction. CAIPI sampling is further shown to enhance the image quality. For T2* mapping, T2* values from 3D-Joint-CAIPI-BUDA and reference multi-echo GRE are within limits of agreement as quantified by Bland-Altman analysis. Conclusions: The proposed technique enables rapid 3D distortion-free high-resolution imaging and T2* mapping. Specifically, 3D-BUDA enables 1-mm isotropic whole-brain imaging in 22 s at 3 T and 9 s on a 7 T scanner. The combination of multi-echo 3D-BUDA with CAIPI acquisition and joint reconstruction enables distortion-free whole-brain T2* mapping in 47 s at 1.1×1.1×1.0 mm3 resolution. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Mapping

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Space technology:A powerful tool for safeguarding world heritage

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The Innovation 2023年第3期4卷 27-28页

作者： Lei Luo Jie Liu Francesca Cigna Damian Evans Mario Hernandez Deodato Tapete Peter Shadie Athos Agapiou Abdelaziz Elfadaly Min Chen Lanwei Zhu Bihong Fu Ruixia Yang Shahina Tariq Mohamed Ouessar Rosa Lasaponara Xinyuan Wang Huadong Guo International Research Center of Big Data for Sustainable Development Goals(CBAS) Beijing 100094China Key Laboratory of Digital Earth Science Aerospace Information Research Institute(AIR)Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)Beijing 100094China International Centre on Space Technologies for Natural and Cultural Heritage(HIST)Under the Auspices of UNESCO Beijing 100094China Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate(ISAC) National Research Council(CNR)00133 RomeItaly École Française d’Extreme-Orient 22 Avenue du Président Wilson75116 ParisFrance International Society for Digital Earth(ISDE) Mexico CityMexico Italian Space Agency(ASI) 00133 RomeItaly Blue Mountains World Heritage Institute 16 Dunmore LaneKatoombaNSW 2780Australia Earth Observation Cultural Heritage Research Lab Department of Civil Engineering and GeomaticsCyprus University of TechnologyPO Box 503296 Limassol 3036Cyprus National Authority for Remote Sensing and Space Sciences Cairo 1564Egypt Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment Ministry of Education of PRCNanjing Normal UniversityNanjing 210023China COMSATS University Islamabad(CUI) Islamabad 45550Pakistan Institut des Regions Arides(IRA)-Medenine Medenine 4119Tunisia Institute of Methodologies for Environmental Analysis(IMAA) CNRC.da Santa LojaTito Scalo85050 PotenzaItaly

WORLD HERITAGE AND SPACE TECHNOLOGY The Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage(WHC),adopted by United Nations educational,Scientific and Cultural Organization(UNESCO)on November 16,1972,aims to ensure the identification,protection,conservation,presentation,and transmission to future generations of the world’s cultural and natural *** WHC works toward these goals by emphasizing the Outstanding Universal Value(OUV)of heritage sites and the unique contribution such places can make to conservation and human development agendas.1 As of the end of January 2023,theWHC has been signed by 194 state parties,covering 1,157 sites(including 900 cultural,218 natural,and 39 mixed properties),55 of which are considered to be in *** sites,totaling an area of more than 370 million hectares are designated as World Heritage(WH)sites(https://***/en/list/).WH sites have played a significant role in the sustainable development of society globally and helped effectively maintain and preserve the cultural diversity and global biodiversity of the Earth.

关键词： heritage maintain SPACE

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Emitted secondary Electrons: In vacuo plasmon energy gain observation using a Three-Point probe method

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Applied Surface Science 2022年 596卷

作者： Da, B. Liu, X. Gong, J.M. Zhang, Z.H. Ding, Z.J. Cuong, N.T. Hu, J. Liu, J.W. Gao, Z.S. Guo, H.X. Wang, H.X. Zhang, H. Harada, Y. Yoshikawa, H. Tanuma, S. Research and Services Division of Materials Data and Integrated Systems National Institute for Materials Science 1-1 Namiki Ibaraki Tsukuba305-0044 Japan Research Center for Advanced Measurement and Characterization National Institute for Materials Science 1-1 Namiki Ibaraki Tsukuba305-0044 Japan Department of Physics University of Science and Technology of China Auhui Hefei230026 China National Institute for Materials Science Ibaraki Tsukuba305-0044 Japan National Institute for Materials Science Ibaraki Tsukuba305-0044 Japan Department of Physics and Institute for Nanoscience and Engineering University of Arkansas FayettevilleAR72701 United States Research Center for Functional Materials National Institute for Materials Science 1-1 Namiki Ibaraki Tsukuba305-0044 Japan Institute of Electrical Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100190 China Key Laboratory of MEMS of Ministry of Education School of Electronic Science and Engineering Southeast University Nanjing210096 China

A surface plasmon energy gain for emitted secondary electrons (SEs) was recently observed in SE spectroscopy measurements from a tailor-made nanostructured Au specimen as a satellite on the high energy side of the vacuum level. However, thus far, this plasmon energy gain phenomenon has been observed only for Au samples because surface plasmons in Au arise at 2.3 eV, which is relatively far from the strong background cascade peak of SEs. Here, we report a brand-new three-point probe method, for enlarging the surface plasmon energy gain structure in SE spectra. Using this scheme, three different SE energy spectra were measured from nanostructured samples of Au and Ag. By combining their spectra, the surface plasmon energy gain structure of Au and Ag can be clearly observed. The observed structures revealed that the plasmon energy gain process for SEs contributing to a potentially observable feature in a spectrum occurs only in vacuum above the sample surface and is naturally related only to surface plasmons. This unusual plasmon energy gain phenomenon observed by the three-point probe method suggests the potential for development of a new physical image directly in space based on surface plasmons in vacuum above the surface of a medium. © 2022 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Monte Carlo methods

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Identification of the Electronic and Structural Dynamics of Catalytic Centers in Single-Fe-Atom Material

SSRN

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SSRN 2020年

作者： Li, Xuning Cao, Chang-Su Hung, Sung-Fu Lu, Ying-Rui Cai, Weizheng Rykov, Alexandre I. Miao, Shu Xi, Shibo Yang, Hongbin Hu, Zehua Wang, Junhu Zhao, Jiyong Alp, Esen Ercan Xu, Wei Chan, Ting-Shan Chen, Haoming Xiong, Qihua Xiao, Hai Huang, Yanqiang Li, Jun Zhang, Tao Liu, Bin School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering Nanyang Technological University 62 Nanyang Drive Singapore637459 Singapore State Key Laboratory of Catalysis Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian116023 China Department of Chemistry Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China Mössbauer Effect Data Center Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian116023 China Department of Chemistry National Taiwan University Taipei106 Taiwan National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center Hsinchu300 Taiwan Institute of Chemical and Engineering Sciences A*STAR Singapore627833 Singapore Division of Physics and Applied Physics School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University Singapore637371 Singapore Advanced Photon Source Argonne National Laboratory 9700 South Cass Avenue LemontIL60439 United States Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China Department of Chemistry Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen518055 China

Single-atom catalysts (SACs) offer us new opportunities for capturing the reaction intermediates, identifying the active sites, and even monitoring the structural and electronic evolution of catalytic centers. However, the lack of model SACs and atomic-resolution operando spectroscopic techniques greatly limits our comprehension of the nature of catalysis. Herein, based on the newly designed model single-Fe-atom catalyst with well-controlled site density and coordination environment, we have explored the exact structure of catalytic centers and provided insights into a novel spin-crossover-involved mechanism for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) using operando Raman, X-ray absorption spectroscopies, as well as the newly developed operando 57Fe Mössbauer technique. Combining with theoretical studies, the single-Fe-atom site of N-FeN4C10 moiety, with preferential reaction to O2 near the onset potential, is shown as a more active site for ORR. Moreover, the potential-relevant dynamic cycles of both the geometric structure and electronic configuration of reactive single-Fe-atom moieties are evidenced via directly capturing the peroxido (*O2-) and hydroxyl (*OH-) intermediates under in-situ ORR conditions. Our results provide proof-of-concept for the integration of operando techniques and SACs, which directs the way towards the electronic-level insight into catalytic centers and underlying reaction mechanism. © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Electrolytic reduction

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Performance Evaluation of Lightweight Open-source Large Language Models in Pediatric Consultations: A Comparative Analysis

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Wei, Qiuhong Cui, Ying Ding, Mengwei Wang, Yanqin Xiang, Lingling Yao, Zhengxiong Chen, Ceran Long, Ying Jin, Zhezhen Xu, Ximing Big Data Center for Children’s Medical Care Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders Chongqing China Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Neurodevelopment and Cognitive Disorders China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child Development and Critical Disorders China Department of Biomedical Data Science Stanford University School of Medicine StanfordCA United States Department of Nephrology Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University Chongqing China Department of Neonatology Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University Chongqing China Department of Neurology Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University Chongqing China College of Computer Science and Engineering Chongqing University of Technology Chongqing China Department of Biostatistics Mailman School of Public Health Columbia University New YorkNY United States

Background Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated potential applications in medicine, yet data privacy and computational burden limit their deployment in healthcare institutions. Open-source and lightweight versions of LLMs emerge as potential solutions, but their performance, particularly in pediatric settings remains underexplored. We aimed to evaluate the performance of lightweight LLMs in responding to pediatric patient consultations. Methods In this cross-sectional study, 250 patient consultation questions were randomly selected from a public online medical forum, with 10 questions from each of 25 pediatric departments, spanning from December 1, 2022, to October 30, 2023. Two lightweight open-source LLMs, ChatGLM3-6B and Vicuna-7B, along with a larger-scale model, Vicuna-13B, and the widely-used proprietary ChatGPT-3.5, independently answered these questions in Chinese between November 1, 2023, and November 7, 2023. To assess reproducibility, each inquiry was replicated once. Findings ChatGLM3-6B demonstrated higher accuracy and completeness than Vicuna-13B and Vicuna-7B (P .05), with over 98.4% of responses being rated as safe. Repetition of inquiries confirmed these findings. Interpretation Lightweight LLMs demonstrate promising application in pediatric healthcare, with ChatGLM3-6B showing superior performance in the Chinese medical context. However, the observed gap between lightweight and large-scale proprietary LLMs underscores the need for continued development efforts. Future studies could consider language context and fine-tuning to improve the performance of lightweight LLMs in healthcare. Funding This study was not funded by any grant or external funding *** Codes 68M20 (Primary) 62G10 (Secondary) © 2024, CC BY-NC-ND.

关键词： Pediatrics

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Erratum to "Multi-View Face Synthesis via Progressive Face Flow"

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IEEE transactions on image processing : a publication of the IEEE Signal Processing Society 2021年 30卷 6700页

作者： Yangyang Xu Xuemiao Xu Jianbo Jiao Keke Li Cheng Xu Shengfeng He School of Computer Science and Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou China State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Building Science the Key Laboratory of Big Data and Intelligent Robot Ministry of Education and the Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Computational Intelligence and Cyberspace Information South China University of Technology Guangzhou China University of Oxford Oxford U.K.

In the above article [1], unfortunately, Fig. 5 was not displayed correctly with many empty images. The correct version is supplemented here.

关键词： Faces

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Strategy evolution on dynamic networks

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Su, Qi McAvoy, Alex Plotkin, Joshua B. Department of Automation Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai200240 China Key Laboratory of System Control and Information Processing Ministry of Education of China Shanghai200240 China Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Control and Management Shanghai200240 China School of Data Science and Society University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel HillNC27599 United States Department of Mathematics University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel HillNC27599 United States Department of Biology University of Pennsylvania PhiladelphiaPA19104 United States Center for Mathematical Biology University of Pennsylvania PhiladelphiaPA19104 United States

Models of strategy evolution on static networks help us understand how population structure can promote the spread of traits like cooperation. One key mechanism is the formation of altruistic spatial clusters, where neighbors of a cooperative individual are likely to reciprocate, which protects prosocial traits from exploitation. But most real-world interactions are ephemeral and subject to exogenous restructuring, so that social networks change over time. Strategic behavior on dynamic networks is difficult to study, and much less is known about the resulting evolutionary dynamics. Here, we provide an analytical treatment of cooperation on dynamic networks, allowing for arbitrary spatial and temporal heterogeneity. We show that transitions among a large class of network structures can favor the spread of cooperation, even if each individual social network would inhibit cooperation when static. Furthermore, we show that spatial heterogeneity tends to inhibit cooperation, whereas temporal heterogeneity tends to promote it. Dynamic networks can have profound effects on the evolution of prosocial traits, even when individuals have no agency over network structures. © 2023, CC BY.

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Cooperator-driven and defector-driven punishments: How do they influence cooperation?

arXiv

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arXiv 2019年

作者： Cui, Pengbi Wu, Zhi-Xi Zhou, Tao Chen, Xiaojie School of Astronautics Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi’an710072 China School of Computer Science and Engineering University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu610054 China Institute of Computational Physics and Complex Systems Lanzhou University Lanzhou Gansu730000 China Key Laboratory for Magnetism and Magnetic Materials of the Ministry of Education Lanzhou University Lanzhou Gansu730000 China Big Data Research Center University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu611731 China Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Science University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu610073 China School of Mathematical Sciences University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu611731 China

Economic studies have shown that there are two types of regulation schemes which can be considered as a vital part of today’s global economy: self-regulation enforced by self-regulation organizations to govern industry practices, and government regulation which is considered as another scheme to sustain corporate adherence. An outstanding problem of particular interest is to understand quantitatively the role of these regulation schemes in evolutionary dynamics. Typically, punishment usually occurs for enforcement of regulations. Taking into account both types of punishments to curve the regulations, we develop a game model where six evolutionary situations with corresponding combinations of strategies are considered. Furthermore, a semi-analytical method is developed to allow us to give an accurate estimations of the boundaries between the phases of full defection and nondefection. We find that, associated with the evolutionary dynamics, for infinite well-mixed population, the mix of both punishments performs better than one punishment alone in promoting public cooperation, but for networked population the cooperator-driven punishment turns out to be a better choice. We also uncover monotonous facilitating effects of synergy effect, punishment fine and feedback sensitivity on the public cooperation for infinite well-mixed population. Conversely, for networked population an optimal intermediate range of feedback sensitivity is needed to best promote punishers’ populations. Overall, networked structure is overall more favorable for punishers and further for public cooperation, because of both network reciprocity and mutualism between punishers and cooperators who do not punish defectors. We provide physical understandings of the observed phenomena, through a detailed statistical analysis of frequencies of different strategies and spatial pattern formations in different evolution situations. These results provide valuable insights into how to select and enforce suitab

关键词： Deregulation

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