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Can satellite observations detect global ocean heat content change with high resolution by deep learning?

ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing 2025年 225卷 52-68页

作者： Su, Hua Teng, Jianchen Zhang, Feiyan Wang, An Huang, Zhanchao Key Laboratory of Spatial Data Mining and Information Sharing of Ministry of Education The Academy of Digital China Fuzhou University Fuzhou350108 China National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Satellite Geospatial Information Technology Fuzhou University Fuzhou350108 China Department of Geography Ghent University Ghent9000 Belgium

The development of in situ observations has significantly improved ocean heat content (OHC) estimation. However, high-resolution OHC data remain limited, hindering detailed studies on mesoscale oceanic warming variability. This study used a deep learning method-Densely Deep Neural Network (DDNN) to reconstruct a high-resolution (0.25° × 0.25°) global OHC dataset for the upper 2000m ocean from 1993 to 2023, named the Ocean Projection and Extension Neural Network 0.25° (OPEN0.25°) product. This deep ocean remote sensing approach integrates multi-source remote sensing data, including Sea Surface Temperature (SST), Absolute Dynamic Topography (ADT), and Sea Surface Wind (SSW), alongside spatiotemporal coordinates and in situ observations. The DDNN model was trained using Argo-based gridded data and EN4-profile data, initially undergoing pre-training to assimilate large-scale oceanic features, followed by fine-tuning to enhance its accuracy in capturing mesoscale thermal structures. Our results demonstrate that the DDNN model achieves high accuracy across various depths. Particularly, OPEN0.25° can effectively capture detailed thermal variations in regions with complex dynamics, as well as the heat transfer processes within the ocean interior, outperforming traditional methods in resolution. The research highlights that, influenced by strong El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events, OHC in the upper 700m of the Pacific Ocean potentially far exceeding expectations over the past decade. Through this study, OPEN0.25° has demonstrated its critical role in detecting and monitoring long-term changes in global OHC at high resolution. © 2025 International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Inc. (ISPRS)

关键词： Submarine geophysics

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Effect of Mn alloying on the hydrogen-assisted cracking behavior in multiphase/duplex stainless steel

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材料科学技术（英文版） 2025年第4期207卷 126-141页

作者： Menghao Liu Cuiwei Du Xiaogang Li Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering Institute for Advanced Materials and TechnologyUniversity of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China Key Laboratory for Corrosion and Protection of the Ministry of Education Institute of Advanced Materials & TechnologyUniversity of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China National Materials Corrosion and Protection Data Center University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China

There remains debate on whether Mn is beneficial or detrimental to hydrogen embrittlement in stainless *** this work,a series of stainless steels were designed to study the change of hydrogen embrit-tlement sensitivity,crack propagation,and hydrogen trapping behaviors upon Mn *** results suggest that adding 4 wt.％Mn increased hydrogen embrittlement susceptibility,whereas adding 8 wt.％Mn decreased hydrogen embrittlement *** banded α'-martensite through austenitic grain is the main reason for the increased hydrogen embrittlement sensitivity when adding 4 wt.％Mn,by ad-sorbing hydrogen,promoting crack initiation,and accelerating crack propagation.

关键词： Hydrogen-assisted cracking Multiphase stainless steel Manganese

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Distributed predefined-time robust adaptive control design for attitude consensus of multiple spacecraft

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Advances in Space Research 2025年第10期75卷 7473-7486页

作者： Yao, Qijia Li, Qing Xie, Shumin Jahanshahi, Hadi School of Automation and Electrical Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing100083 China Key Laboratory of Knowledge Automation for Industrial Processes of Ministry of Education University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing100083 China School of Mechanics and Civil Engineering and Architecture Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an710072 China Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers TorontoM5V3T9 Canada

This article investigates the distributed predefined-time attitude consensus of multiple rigid spacecraft under inertia uncertainties and external perturbations over directed communication topology. First, a distributed predefined-time observer is constructed for each follower spacecraft to estimate the virtual leader's attitude, velocity, and acceleration. Then, based on the recovered information, a predefined-time nonsingular terminal sliding mode (NTSM) controller is developed for each follower spacecraft to fulfill the local attitude and velocity tracking. The predefined-time NTSM controller is strongly robust against uncertainties and perturbations but owns the undesirable chattering phenomena. To overcome such problem, an adaptive version of the predefined-time NTSM controller is carried out by incorporating with the parametric adaptation mechanism to identify the total disturbance. In this manner, the predefined-time adaptive NTSM controller has no chattering phenomenon and can maintain the high tracking accuracy simultaneously. Lastly, comparative simulations verify and highlight the main results. © 2025 COSPAR

关键词： Sliding mode control

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Electrochemical dissolution, reduction, and nucleation mechanisms of molybdenum in NaCl-KCl molten salt systems

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Journal of Materials Science and Technology 2025年 238卷 45-54页

作者： Lv, Hongzhan Zhang, Liwen Xi, Xiaoli Nie, Zuoren Collaborative Innovation Center of Capital Resource-Recycling Material Technology Beijing University of Technology Beijing100124 China Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials Ministry of Education Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing Beijing University of Technology Beijing100124 China National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Big-data Application Technology Beijing University of Technology Beijing100124 China

This study investigates the anodic dissolution and electrochemical behavior of molybdenum in a NaCl-KCl molten salt system at 1023 K. The anodic dissolution process was systematically analyzed, revealing a sequential oxidation pathway of molybdenum into high-valence ions (Mo6+, Mo5+, Mo4+) under varying electrolysis potentials. Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) demonstrated that the dissolution is governed by both charge transfer and diffusion mechanisms, with reduced impedance at higher potentials facilitating molybdenum dissolution. The reduction behavior of dissolved molybdenum ions was further explored using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and square wave voltammetry (SWV), confirming a multi-step reduction process controlled by diffusion and high reversibility. Nucleation studies using chronoamperometry established that molybdenum deposition follows an instantaneous nucleation mechanism. Morphological analysis of cathodic deposits revealed that current density significantly influences particle size, transitioning from nano-sized spherical particles to larger equiaxed crystals with increasing current density. These findings provide a comprehensive understanding of molybdenum's electrochemical properties in molten salts, offering valuable insights for optimizing electrolysis processes and advancing molybdenum-based material production. © 2025

关键词： Cyclic voltammetry

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Dual-level Mixup for Graph Few-shot Learning with Fewer Tasks 34

Dual-level Mixup for Graph Few-shot Learning with Fewer Task...

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34th ACM Web Conference, WWW 2025

作者： Liu, Yonghao Li, Mengyu Giunchiglia, Fausto Huang, Lan Li, Ximing Feng, Xiaoyue Guan, Renchu College of Computer Science and Technology Jilin University Changchun China Department of Information Engineering and Computer Science University of Trento Trento Italy Key Laboratory of Symbolic Computation and Knowledge Engineering of the Ministry of Education China

ISBN: (纸本)9798400712746

Graph neural networks have been demonstrated as a powerful paradigm for effectively learning graph-structured data on the web and mining content from it. Current leading graph models require a large number of labeled samples for training, which unavoidably leads to overfitting in few-shot scenarios. Recent research has sought to alleviate this issue by simultaneously leveraging graph learning and meta-learning paradigms. However, these graph meta-learning models assume the availability of numerous meta-training tasks to learn transferable meta-knowledge. Such assumption may not be feasible in the real world due to the difficulty of constructing tasks and the substantial costs involved. Therefore, we propose a SiMple yet effectIve approach for graph few-shot Learning with fEwer tasks, named SMILE. We introduce a dual-level mixup strategy, encompassing both within-task and across-task mixup, to simultaneously enrich the available nodes and tasks in meta-learning. Moreover, we explicitly leverage the prior information provided by the node degrees in the graph to encode expressive node representations. Theoretically, we demonstrate that SMILE can enhance the model generalization ability. Empirically, SMILE consistently outperforms other competitive models by a large margin across all evaluated datasets with in-domain and cross-domain settings. Our anonymous code can be found here. © 2025 Copyright held by the owner/author(s).

关键词： Few-shot learning Graph neural network Node classification

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Disentangled Noisy Correspondence Learning

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IEEE Transactions on Image Processing 2025年 34卷 2602-2615页

作者： Dang, Zhuohang Luo, Minnan Wang, Jihong Jia, Chengyou Han, Haochen Wan, Herun Dai, Guang Chang, Xiaojun Wang, Jingdong Xi’an Jiaotong University School of Computer Science and Technology Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Intelligent Networks and Network Security Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Big Data Knowledge Engineering Shaanxi Xi’an710049 China SGIT AI Laboratory Xi’an710048 China State Grid Corporation of China State Grid Shaanxi Electric Power Company Ltd. Xi’an710048 China University of Science and Technology of China School of Information Science and Technology Hefei230026 China Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates Baidu Inc. Beijing100085 China

Cross-modal retrieval is crucial in understanding latent correspondences across modalities. However, existing methods implicitly assume well-matched training data, which is impractical as real-world data inevitably involves imperfect alignments, i.e., noisy correspondences. Although some works explore similarity-based strategies to address such noise, they suffer from sub-optimal similarity predictions influenced by modality-exclusive information (MEI), e.g., background noise in images and abstract definitions in texts. This issue arises as MEI is not shared across modalities, thus aligning it in training can markedly mislead similarity predictions. Moreover, although intuitive, directly applying previous cross-modal disentanglement methods suffers from limited noise tolerance and disentanglement efficacy. Inspired by the robustness of information bottlenecks against noise, we introduce DisNCL, a novel information-theoretic framework for feature Disentanglement in Noisy Correspondence Learning, to adaptively balance the extraction of modality-invariant information (MII) and MEI with certifiable optimal cross-modal disentanglement efficacy. DisNCL then enhances similarity predictions in modality-invariant subspace, thereby greatly boosting similarity-based alleviation strategy for noisy correspondences. Furthermore, DisNCL introduces soft matching targets to model noisy many-to-many relationships inherent in multi-modal inputs for noise-robust and accurate cross-modal alignment. Extensive experiments confirm DisNCL’s efficacy by 2% average recall improvement. Mutual information estimation and visualization results show that DisNCL learns meaningful MII/MEI subspaces, validating our theoretical analyses. © 1992-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Information theory

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ETFIDS: An Entropy-Driven, Time-Frequency Analysis Framework for In-Vehicle CAN Signal Intrusion Detection

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IEEE Internet of Things Journal 2025年

作者： Liu, Wanning Qin, Guihe Liang, Yanhua Song, Jiaru Liu, Qingxin Zhou, Xue Jilin University Key Laboratory of Symbolic Computation and Knowledge Engineering of Ministry of Education College of Computer Science and Technology Changchun130012 China

In recent years, cyberattacks against automobiles have exposed significant security threats to in-vehicle networks. The vulnerability of communication signals to malicious interference and manipulation can lead to serious system failures or abnormal behavior. The existing in-vehicle network intrusion detection methods do not fully exploit the time-frequency characteristics of Controller Area Network (CAN) signals. This limitation reduces their effectiveness in capturing subtle changes and signal complexity. Based on the above motivation, from the perspective of signal perception, we propose an entropy-driven, time-frequency analysis framework for in-vehicle network intrusion detection. The framework integrates a signal sampler, a frequency-domain detector, and a time-domain detector. The signal sampler, as the system's front-end module, extracts real-time physical signal data streams from CAN messages. The frequency-domain detector identifies frequency components, detecting high-frequency disturbances and cyclic variations. Meanwhile, the time-domain detector captures instantaneous changes and sudden anomalies. It analyzes signal complexity and anomalies through both stream and block detection. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method performs well under various attack scenarios, offering superior detection and real-time performance. It effectively senses multiple signal anomalies, providing a robust intrusion detection solution for modern in-vehicle networks. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Network intrusion

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Unified Grid Tagging Scheme for Aspect Sentiment Quad Prediction 31

Unified Grid Tagging Scheme for Aspect Sentiment Quad Predic...

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31st International Conference on Computational Linguistics, COLING 2025

作者： Su, Guixin Zhang, Yongcheng Wang, Tongguan Wu, Mingmin Sha, Ying Key Laboratory of Smart Farming for Agricultural Animals Wuhan China Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Technology for Agriculture Ministry of Education China Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center of Agricultural Big Data Wuhan China College of Informatics Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan China

ISBN: (纸本)9798891761964

Aspect Sentiment Quad Prediction (ASQP) aims to extract all sentiment elements in quads for a given review to explain the reason for the sentiment. Previous table-filling based methods have achieved promising results by modeling word-pair relations. However, these methods decompose the ASQP task into several subtasks without considering the association between sentiment elements. Most importantly, they fail to tackle the situation where a sentence contains multiple implicit expressions. To address these limitations, we propose a simple yet effective Unified Grid Tagging Scheme (UGTS) to extract sentiment quadruplets in one shot, with two additional special tokens from pre-trained models to represent potential implicit aspect and opinion terms. Based on this, we first introduce the adaptive graph diffusion convolution network to construct the direct connection between explicit and implicit sentiment elements from syntactic and semantic views. Next, we utilize conditional layer normalization to refine the mutual indication effect between words for matching valid aspect-opinion pairs. Finally, we employ the triaffine mechanism to integrate heterogeneous word-pair relations to capture higher-order interactions between sentiment elements. Experimental results on four benchmark datasets show the effectiveness and robustness of our model, which achieves state-of-the-art performance. © 2025 Association for Computational Linguistics.

关键词： Semantics

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Effective Instruction Parsing Plugin for Complex Logical Query Answering on knowledge Graphs 34

Effective Instruction Parsing Plugin for Complex Logical Que...

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34th ACM Web Conference, WWW 2025

作者： Zhuo, Xingrui Wang, Jiapu Wu, Gongqing Pan, Shirui Wu, Xindong Hefei University of Technology Anhui Hefei China Beijing University of Technology Beijing China Griffith University Gold Coast QLD Australia The Key Laboratory of Knowledge Engineering with Big Data (the Ministry of Education of China) School of Computer Science and Information Engineering Hefei University of Technology China

ISBN: (纸本)9798400712746

knowledge Graph Query Embedding (KGQE) aims to embed First-Order Logic (FOL) queries in a low-dimensional KG space for complex reasoning over incomplete KGs. To enhance the generalization of KGQE models, recent studies integrate various external information (such as entity types and relation context) to better capture the logical semantics of FOL queries. The whole process is commonly referred to as Query Pattern Learning (QPL). However, current QPL methods typically suffer from the pattern-entity alignment bias problem, leading to the learned defective query patterns limiting KGQE models’ performance. To address this problem, we propose an effective Query Instruction Parsing Plugin (QIPP) that leverages the context awareness of Pre-trained Language Models (PLMs) to capture latent query patterns from code-like query instructions. Unlike the external information introduced by previous QPL methods, we first propose code-like instructions to express FOL queries in an alternative format. This format utilizes textual variables and nested tuples to convey the logical semantics within FOL queries, serving as raw materials for a PLM-based instruction encoder to obtain complete query patterns. Building on this, we design a query-guided instruction decoder to adapt query patterns to KGQE models. To further enhance QIPP’s effectiveness across various KGQE models, we propose a query pattern injection mechanism based on compressed optimization boundaries and an adaptive normalization component, allowing KGQE models to utilize query patterns more efficiently. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our plug- and-play method¹ improves the performance of eight basic KGQE models and outperforms two state-of-the-art QPL methods. © 2025 Copyright held by the owner/author(s).

关键词： Complex Query Answering knowledge Graph Pre-trained Language Model Query Pattern Learning

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An Area Optimization Approach for Large-Scale RM-TB Dual Logic Circuits Based on a Multitasking Optimization Algorithm

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IEEE Transactions on Computers 2025年

作者： Wu, Xiaoqian Wang, Peng Li, Shaoquan Liu, Huaxiao Liu, Lei Jilin University College of Computer Science and Technology Changchun China Key Laboratory of Symbolic Computation China Knowledge Engineering of Ministry of Education China

Logic synthesis is a crucial step in integrated circuit design, and area optimization is an indispensable part of this process. However, the area optimization problem for large-scale Fixed Polarity Reed-Muller (FPRM) circuits is an NP-hard problem. To address this problem, we divide Boolean circuits into small-scale circuits based on the idea of divide-and-conquer using the proposed grouping decomposition mechanism. Each small-scale Boolean circuit is transformed into an FPRM circuit by a polarity transformation algorithm. To ensure the circuit’s functionality remains unaffected, we integrate FPRM circuits into an FPRM and Boolean (RM-TB) dual logic circuit based on the proposed gate-level integration. However, the area optimization problem of RM-TB dual logic circuits is a multi-task, high-dimensional, and multi-extremal combinatorial optimization problem. Therefore, we propose a Multipopulation Multitasking Optimization Algorithm (MMuOA) that integrates self-evolution with a multitasking equilibrium optimizer and cross-task evolution through knowledge sharing and transfer. This forms a dynamic optimization framework for simultaneously searching for the optimal polarity corresponding to the minimal area of RM-TB dual logic circuits. Moreover, we propose an Area Optimization Approach (AOA) for an RM-TB dual logic circuit with the minimum area using the MMuOA. Experimental results based on the Microelectronics Center of North Carolina (MCNC) Benchmark test circuits demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of the AOA compared to the state-of-the-art area optimization approach. © 1968-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Combinatorial optimization

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