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FedPHE: A Secure and Efficient Federated Learning via Packed Homomorphic Encryption

IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure computing 2025年

作者： Li, Yuqing Yan, Nan Chen, Jing Wang, Xiong Hong, Jianan He, Kun Wang, Wei Li, Bo Wuhan University Key Laboratory of Aerospace Information Security and Trusted Computing Ministry of Education School of Cyber Science and Engineering Wuhan430072 China Wuhan University RiZhao Information Technology Institute Rizhao276800 China Huazhong University of Science and Technology National Engineering Research Center for Big Data Technology and System Services Computing Technology and System Lab/Cluster and Grid Computing Lab School of Computer Science and Technology Wuhan430074 China Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Cyber Science and Engineering Shanghai200240 China Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Department of Computer Science and Engineering Hong Kong

Cross-silo federated learning (FL) enables multiple institutions (clients) to collaboratively build a global model without sharing private data. To prevent privacy leakage during aggregation, homomorphic encryption (HE) is widely used to encrypt model updates, yet incurs high computation and communication overheads. To reduce these overheads, packed HE (PHE) has been proposed to encrypt multiple plaintexts into a single ciphertext. However, the original design of PHE assumes all clients share a single private key, making the system vulnerable to security threats of ciphertexts being intercepted and decrypted by honest-but-curious clients. Also, it does not consider the heterogeneity among different clients, resulting in undermined training efficiency with slow convergence and stragglers. To address these challenges, we propose FedPHE, a secure and efficient FL framework with PHE by jointly exploiting contribution-aware secure aggregation and straggler-resistant client selection. Using CKKS with sparsification and blinding, FedPHE achieves efficient secure aggregation that allows clients to only provide obscured encrypted updates while the server can perform aggregation by accounting for contributions of local updates. To mitigate the straggler effect, we devise a perturbed sketch-based selection to cherry-pick representative clients with heterogeneous models and computing capabilities in a communication-efficient and privacy-preserving manner. We show, through rigorous security analysis and extensive experiments, that FedPHE can efficiently safeguard clients' privacy, achieve 2.45-6.56× training speedup, cut the communication overhead by 1.32-24.85×, and reduce straggler effects by 1.89-2.78×. © 2004-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Privacy by design

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A Geneformer-Based Model for Identifying Early Gastric Cancer Therapeutic Targets

A Geneformer-Based Model for Identifying Early Gastric Cance...

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2025 2nd International Conference on Algorithms, Software engineering and Network Security (ASENS)

作者： Xuan Liu Guohua Li Yanshen Liao Zishao Zhong Hang Wei School of Medical Information Engineering Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine Guangzhou China National Engineering Laboratory for Big Data System Computing Technology Shenzhen University Guangzhou China Syndrome/Department of Gastroenterology State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine Guangzhou China Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences/State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Refractory Chronic Diseases Guangzhou China

ISBN: (数字)9798331520298

ISBN: (纸本)9798331520304

Gastric cancer is a major global health issue characterized by high incidence and mortality rates. Early gastric cancer has a more favorable prognosis, yet most patients are diagnosed at an advanced stage due to subtle symptoms and limited diagnostic methods. Currently, the screening for therapeutic targets in early gastric cancer primarily relies on CRISPR-Cas9, next-generation sequencing, and advanced bioinformatics analysis, facing challenges such as off-target effects, high costs, complex data interpretation, and the elucidation of causal relationships. In this study, the Geneformer model was pre-trained on a large-scale corpus and fine-tuned on an early gastric cancer dataset to identify early gastric cancer cells. Potential therapeutic targets were identified through simulated gene perturbations and disease treatments, and their effectiveness was validated using KEGG pathway enrichment analysis and biological experimental results. After rigorous quality control and preprocessing of the data, the Geneformer model achieved excellent performance in the cell state annotation task, with an accuracy of 93.47% and an F1 score of 0.9187. Additionally, the model identified 445 potential therapeutic targets for early gastric cancer, such as TFF1, TFF2, and GKN2, which were enriched in gastric cancer-related pathways, with some targets validated by biological experiments. In summary, the proposed methodologies are capable of effectively identifying early gastric cancer cells and discovering potential therapeutic targets.

关键词： Sequential analysis Costs Annotations Biological system modeling Microprocessors Computer architecture data models Bioinformatics Biological cells Cancer

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Meta-transfer learning for predicting position-dependent milling stability across varying overhang lengths under limited experimental data

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Journal of Manufacturing Processes 2025年 149卷 43-56页

作者： Congying Deng Qiang Wu Jianguo Miao Sheng Lu Luofeng Xie School of Integrated Circuits Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications Chongqing 400065 PR China Key Laboratory of Big Data Intelligent Computing Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications Chongqing 400065 PR China College of Automation Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications Chongqing 400065 PR China School of Mechanical Engineering Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 PR China

Stability lobe diagram (SLD) serves as a pivotal reference in determining appropriate chatter-free milling parameters. The tool tip frequency response functions (FRFs), as crucial prerequisites for deriving theoretical SLDs, vary with the position and overhang length. The acquisition of tool tip FRFs under different machining positions and overhang lengths necessitates repeated time-consuming experiments or simulations. To guarantee the efficiency and accuracy in predicting SLDs, this paper puts forward a meta-transfer learning method utilizing a deep neural network to refine the prediction of stability limits with limited experimental data. Initially, a source overhang length is defined to perform the impact testing under adequate machining positions for acquiring tool tip dynamics and constructing a theoretical stability dataset. Fewer impact tests for a target overhang length are conducted under insufficient machining positions arranged through a proposed similarity-based sampling strategy, and a target stability dataset is constructed using limited tool tip FRFs. Secondly, the source dataset is updated by domain adaptation on the modal parameters with a multi-fidelity modeling. Subsequently, meta-learning is carried out on multiple meta-tasks randomly determined from the updated source dataset. The ultimately trained deep neural network during the meta-learning phase undergoes fine-tuning with the target dataset for predicting the stability limits at various machining positions. Finally, a three-axis vertical machining center is taken to conduct a detailed experimental validation. Comparative analyses indicate that the proposed methodology outperforms others in accurately predicting stability limits, even with a constrained number of labeled samples.

关键词： Milling (machining)

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The NeRF Signature: Codebook-Aided Watermarking for Neural Radiance Fields

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Luo, Ziyuan Rocha, Anderson Shi, Boxin Guo, Qing Li, Haoliang Wan, Renjie Department of Computer Science Hong Kong Baptist University Hong Kong Institute of Computing University of Campinas Brazil State Key Laboratory of Multimedia Information Processing and National Engineering Research Center of Visual Technology School of Computer Science Peking University Beijing100871 China A*STAR Singapore Department of Electrical Engineering City University of Hong Kong Hong Kong

Neural Radiance Fields (NeRF) have been gaining attention as a significant form of 3D content representation. With the proliferation of NeRF-based creations, the need for copyright protection has emerged as a critical issue. Although some approaches have been proposed to embed digital watermarks into NeRF, they often neglect essential model-level considerations and incur substantial time overheads, resulting in reduced imperceptibility and robustness, along with user inconvenience. In this paper, we extend the previous criteria for image watermarking to the model level and propose NeRF Signature, a novel watermarking method for NeRF. We employ a Codebook-aided Signature Embedding (CSE) that does not alter the model structure, thereby maintaining imperceptibility and enhancing robustness at the model level. Furthermore, after optimization, any desired signatures can be embedded through the CSE, and no fine-tuning is required when NeRF owners want to use new binary signatures. Then, we introduce a joint pose-patch encryption watermarking strategy to hide signatures into patches rendered from a specific viewpoint for higher robustness. In addition, we explore a Complexity-Aware key Selection (CAKS) scheme to embed signatures in high visual complexity patches to enhance imperceptibility. The experimental results demonstrate that our method outperforms other baseline methods in terms of imperceptibility and robustness. The source code is available at: https://***/luo-ziyuan/NeRF_Signature. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Image watermarking

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Optimal Bilinear Equalizer for Cell-Free Massive MIMO Systems over Correlated Rician Channels

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IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing 2025年

作者： Wang, Zhe Zhang, Jiayi Bjornson, Emil Niyato, Dusit Ai, Bo Beijing Jiaotong University State Key Laboratory of Advanced Rail Autonomous Operation Beijing100044 China Beijing Jiaotong University School of Electronics and Information Engineering Beijing100044 China KTH Royal Institute of Technology Department of Computer Science Stockholm114 28 Sweden Nanyang Technological University College of Computing & Data Science 639798 Singapore

In this paper, we explore the low-complexity optimal bilinear equalizer (OBE) combining scheme design for cell-free massive multiple-input multiple-output networks with spatially correlated Rician fading *** provide a spectral efficiency (SE) performance analysis framework for both the centralized and distributed processing schemes with bilinear equalizer (BE)-structure combining schemes applied. The BE-structured combining is a set of schemes that are constructed by the multiplications of channel statistics-based BE matrices and instantaneous channel estimates. Notably, we derive closed-form achievable SE expressions for centralized and distributed BE-structured combining schemes. We propose one centralized and two distributed OBE schemes: Centralized OBE (C-OBE), Distributed OBE based on Global channel statistics (DG-OBE), and Distributed OBE based on Local channel statistics (DL-OBE), which maximize their respective SE expressions. OBE matrices in these schemes are tailored based on varying levels of channel statistics. Notably, we obtain new and insightful closed-form results for the C-OBE, DG-OBE, and DL-OBE combining schemes. Numerical results demonstrate that the proposed OBE schemes can achieve excellent SE, even in scenarios with severe pilot contamination. © 2025 IEEE. All rights reserved.

关键词： Fading channels

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Walking dynamics of a bipedal robot with impulsive actuation

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Physica D: Nonlinear Phenomena 2025年 476卷

作者： Long, Tengfei Hui, Xianfei Jiang, Guirong School of Electronic Engineering and Automation Guilin University of Electronic Technology Guilin541004 China School of Business Guilin University of Electronic Technology Guilin541004 China School of Mathematics and Computing Science Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Data Analysis and Computation Guilin University of Electronic Technology Guilin541004 China Guilin541001 China

Impulsive actuation, which includes hip joint pulse torque and heel pulse thrust, is introduced to build a walking model of a bipedal robot on level ground in this study. The impulsive actuation configuration and the mechanism of stable walking motion are investigated. The existence and stability of period−1 and 2 gaits are investigated by means of the discrete map. The conditions for flip bifurcation and inverse flip bifurcation of period−1 gait are derived. The complex walking dynamics, such as period−4 gait, flip bifurcation and inverse flip bifurcation of period−n(n=2,4) gait, and chaotic gait, are obtained by numerical simulations. By using period−1 gait, theoretical analysis is conducted on the energy consumption of applying pulse torque and constant torque to the hip joint under the same conditions. Numerical results show that the energy consumption of pulse torque is less than that of constant torque. The superiority and walking dynamics caused by impulsive actuation can provide theoretical reference for designing bipedal robots with stable and efficient walking. © 2025 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Nanorobots

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Lightweight Task-Oriented Semantic Communication Empowered by Large-Scale AI Models

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IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology 2025年

作者： Liu, Chuanhong Guo, Caili Yang, Yang Chen, Mingzhe Quek, Tony Q. S. Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications Beijing Key Laboratory of Network System Architecture and Convergence School of Information and Communication Engineering Beijing100876 China Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications Beijing Laboratory of Advanced Information Networks School of Information and Communication Engineering Beijing100876 China University of Miami Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Institute for Data Science and Computing Coral GablesFL United States Singapore University of Technology and Design Dept. of Information Systems Technology and Design 487372 Singapore

Recent studies have focused on leveraging large-scale artificial intelligence (LAI) models to improve semantic representation and compression capabilities. However, the substantial computational demands of LAI models pose significant challenges for real-time communication scenarios. To address this, this paper proposes utilizing knowledge distillation (KD) techniques to extract and condense knowledge from LAI models, effectively reducing model complexity and computation latency. Nevertheless, the inherent complexity of LAI models leads to prolonged inference times during distillation, while their lack of channel awareness compromises the distillation performance. These limitations make standard KD methods unsuitable for task-oriented semantic communication scenarios. To address these issues, we propose a fast distillation method featuring a pre-stored compression mechanism that eliminates the need for repetitive inference, significantly improving efficiency. Furthermore, a channel adaptive module is incorporated to dynamically adjust the transmitted semantic information based on varying channel conditions, enhancing communication reliability and adaptability. In addition, an information bottleneck-based loss function is derived to guide the fast distillation process. Simulation results verify that the proposed scheme outperform baselines in term of task accuracy, model size, computation latency, and training data requirements. © 1967-2012 IEEE.

关键词： NP-hard

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SHAA: Spatial Hybrid Attention Network with Adaptive Cross-Entropy Loss Function for UAV-view Geo-localization

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IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology 2025年

作者： Chen, Nanhua Zhang, Dongshuo Jiang, Kai Yu, Meng Zhu, Yeqing Lou, Tai-Shan Zhao, Liangyu Nanyang Technological University College of Computing and Data Science Singapore639798 Singapore Xidian University State Key Laboratory of Integrated Services Networks Xi'an710071 China Zhengzhou University of Light Industry School of Electrical and Information Engineering Zhengzhou450002 China Beijing Institute of Technology School of Aerospace Engineering Beijing100081 China Beijing Institute of Technology Zhengzhou Research Institute Zhengzhou450000 China Beijing Institute of Technology National Key Laboratory of Land and Air Based Information Perception and Control Beijing100081 China

Cross-view geo-localization provides an offline visual positioning strategy for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)-denied environments. However, it still faces the following challenges, leading to suboptimal localization performance: 1) Existing methods primarily focus on extracting global features or local features by partitioning feature maps, neglecting the exploration of spatial information, which is essential for extracting consistent feature representations and aligning images of identical targets across different views. 2) Cross-view geo-localization encounters the challenge of data imbalance between UAV and satellite images. To address these challenges, the Spatial Hybrid Attention Network with Adaptive Cross-Entropy Loss Function (SHAA) is proposed. To tackle the first issue, the Spatial Hybrid Attention (SHA) method employs a Spatial Shift-MLP (SSM) to focus on the spatial geometric correspondences in feature maps across different views, extracting both global features and fine-grained features. Additionally, the SHA method utilizes a Hybrid Attention (HA) mechanism to enhance feature extraction diversity and robustness by capturing interactions between spatial and channel dimensions, thereby extracting consistent cross-view features and aligning images. For the second challenge, the Adaptive Cross-Entropy (ACE) loss function incorporates adaptive weights to emphasize hard samples, alleviating data imbalance issues and improving training effectiveness. Extensive experiments on widely recognized benchmarks, including University-1652, SUES-200, and DenseUAV, demonstrate that SHAA achieves state-of-the-art performance, outperforming existing methods by over 3.92%. Code will be released at: https://***/chennanhua001/SHAA. © 1991-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV)

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Provably Secure Authenticated key-Management Mechanism for e-Healthcare Environment

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IEEE Internet of Things Journal 2025年

作者： Saleem, Muhammad Asad Li, Xiong Mahmood, Khalid Ghaffar, Zahid Xie, Yong Wang, Guijuan University of Electronic Science and Technology of China School of Computer Science and Engineering Sichuan Chengdu611731 China National Yunlin University of Science and Technology Graduate School of Intelligent Data Science Yunlin Douliu64002 Taiwan National Yunlin University of Science and Technology Graduate School of Engineering Science and Technology Douliu64002 Taiwan Qinghai Institute of Technology School of Computer and Information Science China Qinghai Provincial Laboratory for Intelligent Computing and Application China Key Laboratory of Computing Power Network and Information Security Jinan250353 China Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Industrial Network and Information System Security China Shandong Fundamental Research Center for Computer Science Jinan250353 China

The Internet of Things (IoT) is rapidly permeating all aspects of human life, involving a network of devices that share sensitive data. A notable application is the e-healthcare systems, which employ connected sensors, medical servers, and wearable devices. However, the public nature of communication in e-healthcare systems poses challenges such as security, privacy, and authentication of participating entities. Recently, many authentication protocols have been introduced to address these challenges. However, most of these protocols remain vulnerable to various security attacks, including device or medical server impersonation, denial of service, physical or cloning, and de-synchronization attacks. Therefore, we introduce an authenticated key-management protocol utilizing hash functions and Cipher-Block Chaining-Advanced Encryption Standard encryption (CBC-AES) encryption. The proposed protocol also employs the Physical Unclonable Function (PUF), which makes it more robust and efficient in resisting physical or cloning attacks. Additionally, the proposed scheme resists various security threats, including impersonation, session key leakage, ephemeral secret leakage, and de-synchronization attacks. We analyze the scheme’s security and reliability through formal and informal analysis. The informal analysis demonstrates that the scheme encompasses crucial security features, while the formal analysis substantiates. Moreover, performance analysis of the proposed protocol with various competing results indicates that our protocol achieves an average reduction in communication and computation overheads by 36.03.% and 41.79%, respectively. © 2014 IEEE.

关键词： Electronic health record

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Covert Communication in RSMA-Assisted Ambient Backscatter Communication Systems

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IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications 2025年

作者： Zhang, Zhuo Yang, Liang Lei, Hongjiang Li, Xingwang Niyato, Dusit Hunan University College of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering Changsha410082 China Hunan University College of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering China Jishou University School of Communication and Electronic Engineering China Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications School of Communications and Information Engineering The Chongqing Key Laboratory of Mobile Communications Technology Chongqing400065 China Henan Polytechnic University School of Physics and Electronic Information Engineering Jiaozuo454003 China Nanyang Technological University College of Computing and Data Science Singapore639798 Singapore

In this paper, we investigate covert communication in rate-splitting multiple access (RSMA)-assisted ambient backscatter communication (AmBC) systems. Specifically, in the presence of illegitimate users, a base station applies RSMA to the downlink transmission of covert users and common users in the the primary system of ambient backscatter. To evaluate the covertness of the system, we derive closed-form expressions for the detection error probability (DEP), outage probability (OP), and covert rate (CR), where the DEP is applied to evaluate the ability of the warden to detect the presence or absence of communication behaviors between the base station and the covert user. Based on these expressions, we also conduct an asymptotic analysis of the outage probability, an upper bound analysis of the covert rate, and an analysis of the impact of the power allocation factor on system performance. Numerical results show that the RSMA scheme has a higher covert rate and a higher minimum DEP value compared to the non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) scheme, but it may reduce its outage performance. Additionally, an appropriate use of the power allocation factor can enhance the covertness of the system. Furthermore, we find that the co-channel interference between the primary and secondary systems in the ambient backscatter system can degrade the covert performance of the primary system. © 2002-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Backscattering

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