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Latest developments in room-temperature semiconductor neutron detectors: Prospects and challenges

Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2023年第3期66卷 11-31页

作者： Linyue Liu Xiao Ouyang Runlong Gao Pengying Wan Xiaoping Ouyang State Key Laboratory of Intense Pulsed Radiation Simulation and Effect Northwest Institute of Nuclear TechnologyXi’an 710024China Key Laboratory of Beam Technology of Ministry of Education College of Nuclear Science and TechnologyBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology Sun Yat-Sen UniversityZhuhai 519082China School of Microelectronics Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710049China

Semiconductor-based neutron-detectors are characterized by small size, high energy-resolution, good spatial resolution, and stable response(at the depletion voltage). Consequently, these neutron-detectors are important for the fields of nuclear proliferation prevention, oil exploration, monitoring neutron-scattering experiments, cancer treatments, and space radiation effect research. However, there are some well-known problems for conventional silicon-based neutron detectors: low neutron-detection efficiency and limited resistance to radiation. Therefore, critical improvements are needed to enable sufficiently effective and practical neutron detection. To address these problems, direct-conversion neutron detectors as well as wide bandgap semiconductor-based detectors have been developed and studied intensely during the past years. Significant progress with respect to detection efficiency, radiation resistance, and room temperature operation was achieved. This paper reviews the latest research highlights, remaining challenges, and emerging technologies of direct-conversion neutron detectors as well as wide-bandgap semiconductor neutron detectors. This compact review serves as a reference for researchers interested in the design and development of improved neutron detectors in the future.

关键词： fusion reaction neutron convertor neutron detectors wide bandgap semiconductor detection efficiency radiation resistance

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Body-force modeling considering induced upstream effects for a transonic compressor with total temperature distortion

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2024年第6期37卷 7-19页

作者： Jiahui QIU Chen YANG Wenqiang ZHANG Min ZHANG Juan DU Digital Twin Research Center Institute of Engineering ThermophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China School of Engineering and Science University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Light-duty Gas-turbine Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China School of Mechatronical Engineering Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081China

To numerically study the impact of total temperature distortion on a transonic compressor with reduced computational costs,a Body-Force Model(BFM)is ***,the interactions between the distorted flow and the compressor are analyzed using full-annulus Unsteady Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes(URANS)results and the orbit *** is found that the induced swirl distortion and the mass flux nonuniformity are intensified in the compressor upstream flow field.A correction factor is thus added to the BFM to account for the effect of the induced swirl,which is crucial for the accurate representation of distortion transfer in the ***,steady simulations with large-amplitude 180circumferential total temperature distortion are performed using the developed *** is shown that the distorted compressor map simulated with the BFM matches well with URANS *** circumferential phase shift of total temperature and the generation of the additional total pressure distortion across the rotor are in line with the time-averaged URANS flow *** compressor upstream effects on the distorted inflow can also be exactly *** above-mentioned results demonstrate the BFM developed in this paper can effectively capture the distorted flow features inside the compressor,and significantly reduce the computational costs by five orders of magnitude compared with URANS.

关键词： Upstream effect Orbit method Induced swirl distortion Body force model Correction factor Time-averaged URANS

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Generating Natural Pedestrian Crowds by Learning Real Crowd Trajectories Through a Transformer-Based Gan

SSRN

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Yan, Dapeng Ding, Gangyi Huang, Kexiang Huang, Tianyu Key Laboratory of Digital Performance and Simulation Technology Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing100081 China

Traditional methods for constructing crowd simulations often have shortcomings in terms of realism, and data-driven methods are an effective approach to enhancing the visual realism of crowd simulation. However, existing work mainly constructs crowd simulations through prediction-based approaches based on deep learning or by fitting the parameters of traditional methods, which limits the expressiveness of the model. In response to these limitations, this paper introduces a method capable of generating realistic pedestrian crowds. This approach uses a Generative Adversarial Network, complemented by a Transformer module, to learn behavioral patterns from actual crowd trajectories. We use a transformer module to extract trajectory features of the crowd, then convert the spatial relationships between individuals into sequences using a special data processing mechanism, and use the transformer module to extract social features of the crowd, while guiding the movement of each individual with their target direction. During training, we simultaneously learn from real crowd data and simulation data resolving collisions by traditional methods, to enhance the collision avoidance behavior of virtual crowds while maintaining the movement patterns of real crowds, resulting in more general collision avoidance behavior. The crowds generated by the model are not limited to specific scenarios and show generalization capabilities. Compared to other models, our method shows better performance on publicly available large-scale pedestrian datasets after training. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Collision avoidance

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Electrospraying Si/SiO_(x)/C and Sn/C nanosphere arrays on carbon cloth for high-performance flexible lithium-ion batteries

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Journal of Semiconductors 2025年第1期46卷 234-243页

作者： Di Chen Rui Li Chunxue Liu Kai Jiang School of Integrated Circuits and Electronics Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081China College of Physics and Mathematics University of Science and TechnologyBeijing 100083China Falculty of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery Chinese PLA General HospitalInstitute of Hepatobiliary Surgery of Chinese PLA& Key Laboratory of Digital Hepetobiliary SurgeryChinese PLABeijing 100853China

Exploring electrode materials with larger capacity,higher power density and longer cycle life was critical for developing advanced flexible lithium-ion batteries(LIBs).Herein,we used a controlled two-step method including electrospraying followed with calcination treatment by CVD furnace to design novel electrodes of Si/Si_(x)/C and Sn/C microrods array consisting of nanospheres on flexible carbon cloth substrate(denoted as Si/Si_(x)/C@CC,Sn/C@CC).Microrods composed of cumulated nanospheres(the diameter was approximately 120 nm)had a mean diameter of approximately 1.5μm and a length of around 4.0μm,distributing uniformly along the entire woven carbon *** of Si/Si/Si_(x)/C@CC and Sn/C@CC products were synthesized as binder-free anodes for Li-ion battery with the features of high reversible capacity and excellent *** Si/Six/C electrode exhibited high specific capacity of about 1750 mA∙h∙g^(−1)at 0.5 A∙g^(−1)and excellent cycling ability even after 1050 cycles with a capacity of 1388 mA∙h∙g^(−1).Highly flexible Si/Si_(x)/C@CC//LiCoO_(2)batteries based on liquid and solid electrolytes were also fabricated,exhibiting high flexibility,excellent electrical stability and potential applications in flexible wearable electronics.

关键词： electrospraying Si/SiO_(x)/C Sn/C lithium-ion batteries

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EBSD and Phase-Field Crystal simulation Revealed the Inhibition of Al_(3)Ti on Crack Extention in TC4-2024Al Laminated Composites

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2025年第2期38卷 259-275页

作者： Yihong Liu Zhuo Song Muxi Li Kangan Wang Zhiping Xiong Hua Hou Yuhong Zhao School of Materials Science and Engineering Collaborative Innovation Center of Ministry of Education and Shanxi Province for High-Performance Al/Mg Alloy MaterialsNorth University of ChinaTaiyuan 030051China National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Materials Under Shock and Impact Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081China School of Materials Science and Engineering Taiyuan University of Science and TechnologyTaiyuan 030024China Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China Institute for Materials Intelligent Technology Liaoning Academy of MaterialsShenyang 110004China

In Ti-Al laminated composites,cracks nucleate preferentially at the Al_(3)Ti layer,but the inhibitory effect of Al_(3)Ti on crack extension is ***,by combining experiment and phase-field crystal simulation,we found that the micrometer Al_(3)Ti particles in the diffusion layer play the role of crack deflection and passivation,which is attributed to the lattice distortion induced by Al_(3)Ti consumes the energy of the crack in *** addition,it is found that the growth process of Al_(3)Ti is divided into two stages:nucleation stage and growth *** with the growth stage,the Al_(3)Ti grains in the nucleation stage are finer in the growth *** grains show better crack deflection and avoid stress concentration.

关键词： Ti-Al laminated composites Phase-field crystal simulation Growth kinetics Bending properties Crack extension

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Introducing Anisotropic Fields for Enhanced Diversity in Crowd simulation

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Li, Yihao Liu, Junyu Guan, Xiaoyu Hou, Hanming Huang, Tianyu Key Laboratory of Digital Performance and Simulation Technology Beijing Institute of Technology Zhong Guan Cun South Street Beijing100081 China

Large crowds exhibit intricate behaviors and significant emergent properties, yet existing crowd simulation systems often lack behavioral diversity, resulting in homogeneous simulation outcomes. To address this limitation, we propose incorporating anisotropic fields (AFs) as a fundamental structure for depicting the uncertainty in crowd movement. By leveraging AFs, our method can rapidly generate crowd simulations with intricate behavioral patterns that better reflect the inherent complexity of real crowds. The AFs are generated either through intuitive sketching or extracted from real crowd videos, enabling flexible and efficient crowd simulation systems. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach through several representative scenarios, showcasing a significant improvement in behavioral diversity compared to classical methods. Our findings indicate that by incorporating AFs, crowd simulation systems can achieve a much higher similarity to real-world crowd systems. Our code is publicly available at https://***/tomblack2014/AF Generation. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Anisotropy

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Effect of different reduction methods on Pd/Al_(2)O_(3) for o-xylene oxidation at low temperature

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2023年第3期125卷 95-100页

作者： Mingyu Fan Yafei Wang Jianghao Zhang Changbin Zhang Xue Han Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology Beijing 102617China State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control Research Center for Eco-environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China General Research Institute for Non-Ferrous Metals Beijing 100088China

Pd/Al_(2)O_(3)was pretreated by CO,H_(2)and NaBH_(4)reduction,*** reduced catalysts were tested for o-xylene oxidation and characterized by power X-ray diffraction(XRD),transmission electron microscopy (TEM),X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and temperature-programmed decomposition of palladium hydride (TPDH).The characterizations indicate the pretreatments lead to distinct Pd particle sizes and amount of surface activated oxygen species,which are responsible for the catalytic *** with H_(2)and NaBH_(4)reduction methods,CO reduction shows a strong interaction between Pd and Al_(2)O_(3)with smaller Pd particle size and more surface activated *** exhibited excellent catalytic performance,complete oxidation of 50 ppmV o-xylene at 85℃with a WHSV of 60,000 mL/(g·hr).

关键词： Pd Reduction method Catalytic oxidation o-Xylene

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Effects of exogenous acylated homoserine lactones on biofilms in biofilters for gaseous toluene treatment

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2023年第2期17卷 29-38页

作者： Zhuqiu Sun Bairen Yang Marvin Yeung Jinying Xi Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory School of EnvironmentTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China School of Environmental Science and Engineering Yancheng Institute of TechnologyYancheng 224051China

Biofilters are typical biofilm reactors, and they usually have poor biofilm formation resulting in limited reactor performance. Exogenous acylated homoserine lactones (AHLs) can enhance biofilm formation in many bioreactors based on quorum sensing regulation. However, their effect on biofilm in biofilters utilized for volatile organic compound (VOC) removal is unknown and needs to be investigated. In this study, the effects of the exogenous AHLs on biofilters for gaseous toluene removal were investigated. Analysis of biofilms in biofilters showed that the addition of exogenous AHLs considerably enhanced biofilm growth;the average biofilm concentration increased by 18%. Furthermore, the average biofilm coverage proportions in biofilters with and without exogenous AHLs were 17 % and 13 %, respectively, demonstrating the positive effect of exogenous AHLs on biofilm coverage. In particular, exogenous AHLs promoted the production of extracellular polymeric substances and the microbial adhesive strength of the biofilm. In addition, the exogenous AHLs showed no significant effect on the gaseous toluene removal efficiency of the biofilter. These results show that exogenous AHLs can enhance biofilm formation and can guide the application of exogenous AHLs in VOC biofilters.

关键词： Quorum sensing AHLs Biofilter Biofilm formation

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A global perspective on microbial risk factors in effluents of wastewater treatment plants

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第4期138卷 227-235页

作者： Kejing Chen Jinsong Liang Yuhan Wang Yechen Tao Yun Lu Aijie Wang School of Civil and Environmental Engineering Harbin Institute of TechnologyShenzhen 518055China Shenzhen Guohuan Environmental Protection Technology Development Co. LTD.Shenzhen 518055China State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk ControlSchool of EnvironmentTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

Effective monitoring and management of microbial risk factors in wastewater treatment plants(WWTPs)effluents require a comprehensive investigation of these risks.A global survey on microbial risk factors in WWTP effluents could reveal important insights into their risk *** study aims to explore the abundance and types of antibiotic resistance genes(ARGs),virulence factor genes(VFGs),the vector of ARG/VFG,and dominant pathogens in global WWTP *** collected 113 metagenomes of WWTP effluents from the Sequence Read Archive of the National Center for Biotechnology Information and characterized the microbial risk *** results showed that multidrug resistance was the dominant ARG type,while offensive virulence factors were the most abundant type of *** most dominant types of ARGs in the vector of plasmid and phage were both aminoglycoside resistance,which is concerning as aminoglycosides are often a last resort for treating multi-resistant *** baumannii was the most dominant pathogen,rather than Escherichia coli,and a weak negative correlation between Escherichia coli and two other dominant pathogens(Acinetobacter baumannii and Bacteroides uniformis)suggests that using Escherichia coli as a biological indicator for all pathogens in WWTP effluents may not be *** Getah virus was the most dominant virus found in global WWTP *** study presents a comprehensive global-scale investigation of microbial risk factors in WWTP effluents,providing valuable insights into the potential risks associated with WWTP effluents and contributing to the monitoring and control of these risks.

关键词： Wastewater treatment plant Microbial risk factor Effluent Pathogen Antibiotic resistance gene Virulence factor gene

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Numerical analysis of hydrogen peroxide injection effect on the combustion characteristics of a staged combustion aft-injected hybrid rocket motor

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Acta Astronautica 2025年 234卷 429-444页

作者： Deng, Luojun Ping, Li Chen, Changrui Wang, Weizong Zhang, Guangchuan Yang, Yuxin School of Astronautics Beihang University Beijing100191 China Key Laboratory of Spacecraft Design Optimization and Dynamic Simulation Technologies Beijing100191 China The Institute of Xi'an Aerospace Solid Propulsion Technology Xi'an710025 China National Key Laboratory of Solid Rocket Propulsion Xi'an710025 China

The staged combustion aft-injected hybrid rocket motor is a novel propulsion system that utilizes an independent fuel-rich solid propellant gas generator, with high performance and promising application prospects. However, its performance is significantly influenced by the hydrogen peroxide injection scheme. Therefore, a three-dimensional numerical model based on the Euler-Lagrange framework for multiphase turbulent flow and combustion is established. Based on the validated model, the detailed flow and combustion characteristics are carefully discussed. It is found that the combustion flow field exhibits distinct partition characteristics. And the recirculation zones appearing in the motor head enhance mixing combustion. Then, the effects of axial injection angles and axial/swirl injection ratios on the combustion flow field and motor performance are investigated. The results indicate that the larger the axial injection angle, the deeper and earlier the mixing of hydrogen peroxide and primary combustion gas occurs, thereby enhancing the combustion efficiency and specific impulse. To achieve better motor performance, the axial injection angle should not be less than 30°. Additionally, a smaller axial/swirl injection ratio leads to more droplets accumulating near the wall, resulting in incomplete mixing evaporation and hence motor performance loss. However, this also significantly decreases the temperature near the motor head and wall, which positively impacts the motor's thermal protection. This study suggests that the axial/swirl injection ratio should be controlled around 4:1, as the specific impulse decreases by only 2.3 %. This paper provides valuable guidance for the design of injection schemes for the staged combustion aft-injected hybrid rocket motor. © 2025

关键词： Boosters (rocket)

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