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Coupling a Terrestrial Biogeochemical Model to the Common Land Model

Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2011年第5期28卷 1129-1142页

作者：施小英毛嘉富王应平戴永久唐旭利 State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences Beijing 100081 Environmental Sciences Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge TN 37831 USA State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research Aspendale Victoria Australia State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology College of Global Change and Earth System Science Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 South China Botanical Garden the Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou 510650

A terrestrial biogeochemical model （CASACNP） was coupled to a land surface model （the Common Land Model,CoLM） to simulate the dynamics of carbon substrate in soil and its limitation on soil *** combined model,CoLM CASACNP,was able to predict long-term carbon sources and sinks that CoLM alone could *** coupled model was tested using measurements of belowground respiration and surface fluxes from two forest *** combined model simulated reasonably well the diurnal and seasonal variations of net ecosystem carbon exchange,as well as seasonal variation in the soil respiration rate of both the forest sites chosen for this ***,the agreement between model simulations and actual measurements was poorer under dry *** model should be tested against more measurements before being applied globally to investigate the feedbacks between the carbon cycle and climate change.

关键词： CoLM CASACNP model terrestrial carbon cycle carbon flux

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Environmental Conditions Determining the Timing of the Lifetime Maximum Intensity of Tropical Cyclones over the Western North Pacific and Their Frequency of Occurrence

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Journal of Tropical Meteorology 2022年第1期28卷 1-11页

作者： QIN Xiao-hao YAMAGUCHI Munehiko USUI Norihisa HIROSE Nariaki State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029 China Department of Applied Meteorology Meteorological Research InstituteJapan Meteorological AgencyTsukubaIbaraki 305-0052 Japan Department of Atmosphere Oceanand Earth System Modeling ResearchMeteorological Research InstituteJapan Meteorological AgencyTsukubaIbaraki 305-0052 Japan

Environmental conditions determining the timing of the lifetime maximum intensities of tropical cyclones(TCs)are investigated for the TCs over the western North Pacific during the period *** results show that the land controls the timings of the lifetime maximum intensities in 42% of the TCs over this basin,indicating that accurate track forecasts are beneficial for TC intensity *** respect to other TCs that are not affected by the land(i.e.,Ocean-TCs),the timings of their lifetime maximum intensities are determined by multiple oceanic *** particular,interactions between TCs and cold-core eddies occur in a large proportion(nearly 60%)of Ocean-TCs at or shortly after the times of their lifetime maximum intensities,especially in strong TCs(categories 4 and 5),suggesting that a consideration of the above interactions is necessary for improving TC intensity forecasting *** addition,unfavorable oceanic heat content conditions become common as the latitude increases over 25°N,influencing half of the *** vertical wind shear contributes detrimentally to the atmospheric environment in 17% of the TCs over this basin,especially in moderate and weak *** contrast,neither the maximum potential intensity nor the humidity in the middle level of the atmosphere plays dominant roles when TCs turn from their peak intensities to weakening.

关键词： environmental conditions lifetime maximum intensity tropical cyclones frequency of occurrence

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Perspectives for Tibetan Plateau data assimilation

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National Science Review 2020年第3期7卷 495-499页

作者： Zong-Liang Yang Long Zhao Yujun He Bin Wang Department of Geological Sciences Jackson School of Geosciences (JSG) the University of Texas at Austin Key Laboratory of Regional Climate-Environment Research for Temperate East Asia (RCE-TEA) Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Geographical Sciences Southwest University State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics (LASG) Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Department of Earth System Science Tsinghua University College of Ocean Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

Known as the Third Pole, the Tibetan Plateau (TP) exhibits profound impacts on weather and climate on regional and global scales. Due to complex terrains and harsh environments, conventional observations over the TP a... 详细信息

关键词： Filter Kalman SCF Perspectives for Tibetan Plateau data assimilation

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Verification of Seasonal Prediction by the Upgraded China Multi-Model Ensemble Prediction system (CMMEv2.0)

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Journal of Meteorological Research 2024年第5期38卷 880-900页

作者： Jie WU Hong-Li REN Jianghua WAN Jingpeng LIU Jinqing ZUO Changzheng LIU Ying LIU Yu NIE Chongbo ZHAO Li GUO Bo LU Lijuan CHEN Qing BAO Jingzhi SU Lin WANG Jing-Jia LUO Xiaolong JIA Qingchen CHAO CMA Key Laboratory of Climate Prediction Studies National Climate CentreChina Meteorological Administration(CMA)Beijing 100081 Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters Nanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing 210044 State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather and Institute of Tibetan Plateau Meteorology Chinese Academy of Meteorological SciencesChina Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081 State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029 CMA Earth System Modeling and Prediction Centre China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081

Based on a combination of six Chinese climate models and three international operational models,the China multimodel ensemble(CMME)prediction system has been upgraded into its version 2(CMMEv2.0)at the National Climate Centre(NCC)of the China Meteorological Administration(CMA)by including new model members and expanding prediction products.A comprehensive assessment of the performance of the upgraded CMME during its hindcast(1993–2016)and real-time prediction(2021–present)periods is conducted in this *** results demonstrate that CMMEv2.0 outperforms all the individual models by capturing more realistic equatorial sea surface temperature(SST)*** exhibits better prediction skills for precipitation and 2-m temperature anomalies,and the improvements in prediction skill of CMMEv2.0 are significant over East *** superiority of CMMEv2.0 can be attributed to its better projection of El Niño–Southern Oscillation(ENSO;with the temporal correlation coefficient score for Niño3.4 index reaching 0.87 at 6-month lead)and ENSO-related *** for the real-time prediction in recent three years,CMMEv2.0 has also yielded relatively stable skills;it successfully predicted the primary rainbelt over northern China in summers of 2021–2023 and the warm conditions in winters of 2022/*** that,ensemble sampling experiments indicate that the CMMEv2.0 skills become saturated after the ensemble model number increased to 5–6,indicating that selection of only an optimal subgroup of ensemble models could benefit the prediction performance,especially over the extratropics,yet the underlying reasons await future investigation.

关键词： China multi-model ensemble(CMME)prediction system predictability source El Niño-Southern Oscillation(ENSO) real-time forecast verification

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Does a monsoon circulation exist in the upper troposphere over the central and eastern tropical Pacific?

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Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters 2016年第6期9卷 458-464页

作者： LOU Pan-Xing LI Jian-Ping FENG Juan ZHAO Sen LI Yan-Jie State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics(LASG) Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina College of Global Change and Earth System Science(GCESS) Beijing Normal UniversityBeijingChina Joint Center for Global Change Studies BeijingChina

Considering the central and eastern tropical Pacific （CETP） has important climate impacts, and its seasonal variability is also thought to be important, the authors used the monsoon investigation method named ＇dynamical normalized seasonality＇, which can precisely describe the wind vector direction over time, to analyze the upper-tropospheric circulation over the region. The authors discovered that there is a clear reversal of seasonal changes between winter and summer wind, just like the classic monsoon. Accordingly, the authors propose the new concept of the upper- troposphere monsoon over the CETP. The results extend the classical lower-troposphere monsoon region into the upper troposphere.

关键词： Dynamical normalizedseasonality tropical Pacific seasonal variability upper-troposphere monsoon

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Wind rotation characteristics of the upper tropospheric monsoon over the central and eastern tropical Pacific

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Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters 2016年第6期9卷 479-486页

作者： LOU Pan-Xing LI Jian-Ping FENG Juan ZHAO sen LIYan-Jie State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics(LASG) institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina College of Global Change and Earth System Science(GCESS) Beijing Normal UniversityBeijingChina Joint Center for Global Change Studies BeijingChina

In this study, to investigate whether the variation of wind direction in the upper tropospheric monsoon over the central and eastern tropical Pacific shows similar characteristics to the classical monsoon region, the authors introduced a wind vector angle methodology that describes the size of the angle of the wind direction variation, as well as the directed rotary angle, which includes not only the size of the angle but also how the wind vector rotates. On this basis, the authors utilized and improved the directed rotary angle methodology to investigate the evolution of wind direction in detail, and the study confirmed the presence of the same four rotation features in the upper tropospheric monsoon region. Furthermore, the authors also identified the precise variation of wind direction in pentads with seasonal evolution, and found the onset time of the upper tropospheric monsoon may be earlier than the classical monsoon while the termination time may be later. The results further support and supplement the theory of global monsoons, which unifies the low-level and upper tropospheric monsoon as one monsoon system.

关键词： Wind direction wind vector angle directed rotary angle upper tropospheric monsoon

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Decadal Indian Ocean Dipolar Variability and Its Relationship with the Tropical Pacific

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2017年第11期34卷 1282-1289页

作者： Yun YANG Jianping LI Lixin WU Yu KOSAKA Yan DU Cheng SUN Fei XIE Juan FENG State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology and College of Global Change and Earth System Science Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China Laboratory for Regional Oceanography and Numerical Modeling Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technologyqingdao 266237China Physical Oceanography Laboratory/Qingdao Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Science and Technology Ocean University of Chinaqingdao 266003China Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology University of TokyoTokyo153-8904Japan State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography South China Sea Institute of OceanologyChinese Academy of Sciencesguangzhou 510301China

A robust decadal Indian Ocean dipolar variability （DIOD） is identified in observations and found to be related to tropical Pacific decadal variability （TPDV）. A Pacific Ocean-global atmosphere （POGA） experiment, with fixed radiative forcing, is conducted to evaluate the DIOD variability and its relationship with the TPDV. In this experiment, the sea surface temperature anomalies are restored to observations over the tropical Pacific, but left as interactive with the atmosphere elsewhere. The TPDV-forced DIOD, represented as the ensemble mean of 10 simulations in POGA, accounts for one third of the total variance. The forced DIOD is triggered by anomalous Walker circulation in response to the TPDV and develops following Bjerknes feedback. Thermocline anomalies do not exhibit a propagating signal, indicating an absence of oceanic planetary wave adjustment in the subtropical Indian Ocean. The DIOD-TPDV correlation differs among the 10 simulations, with a low correlation corresponding to a strong internal DIOD independent of the TPDV. The variance of this internal DIOD depends on the background state in the Indian Ocean, modulated by the thermocline depth off Sumatra/Java.

关键词： Indian Ocean dipole decadal variability tropical Pacific decadal variability

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Impact of Perturbation Schemes on the Ensemble Prediction in a Coupled Lorenz Model

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2023年第3期40卷 501-513页

作者： Qian ZOU Quanjia ZHONG Jiangyu MAO Ruiqiang DING Deyu LU Jianping LI Xuan LI State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics(LASG) Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China College of Earth Science University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System(FDOMES)/Key Laboratory of Physical Oceanography/Institute for Advanced Ocean Studies Ocean University of ChinaQingdao 266100China Laboratory for Ocean Dynamics and Climate Pilot Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and TechnologyQingdao 266237China Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences and Institute of Atmospheric Sciences Fudan UniversityShanghai 200438China

Based on a simple coupled Lorenz model,we investigate how to assess a suitable initial perturbation scheme for ensemble forecasting in a multiscale system involving slow dynamics and fast *** initial perturbation approaches are used in the ensemble forecasting experiments:the random perturbation(RP),the bred vector(BV),the ensemble transform Kalman filter(ETKF),and the nonlinear local Lyapunov vector(NLLV)*** show that,regardless of the method used,the ensemble averages behave indistinguishably from the control forecasts during the first few time *** to different error growth in different time-scale systems,the ensemble averages perform better than the control forecast after very short lead times in a fast subsystem but after a relatively long period of time in a slow *** to the coupled dynamic processes,the addition of perturbations to fast variables or to slow variables can contribute to an improvement in the forecasting skill for fast variables and slow *** the initial perturbation approaches,the NLLVs show higher forecasting skill than the BVs or RPs *** NLLVs and ETKFs had nearly equivalent prediction skill,but NLLVs performed best by a narrow *** particular,when adding perturbations to slow variables,the independent perturbations(NLLVs and ETKFs)perform much better in ensemble *** results are simply implied in a real coupled air–sea *** the prediction of oceanic variables,using independent perturbations(NLLVs)and adding perturbations to oceanic variables are expected to result in better performance in the ensemble prediction.

关键词： ensemble prediction nonlinear local Lyapunov vector(NLLV) ensemble transform Kalman filter(ETKF) coupled air-sea models

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Characteristics of a Terrain-Following Sigma Coordinate

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Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters 2011年第3期4卷 157-161页

作者： LI Yi-Yuan WANG Bin WANG Dong-Hai State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical FluidDynamics Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China Center for Earth System Science Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences Beijing 100081 China

This study quantifies the main characteristics of a terrain-following, G-coordinate through mathematical analyses of its covariant and contravariant basis vectors as well as the vertical coordinate of σ. A 3-D schematic of the σ-coordinate in a curvilinear coordinate system is provided in this study. The characteristics of the basis vectors were broken down into their ＂local vector charac- teristics＂ and ＂spatial distribution characteristics＂, and the exact expressions of the covariant; in addition, the con- travariant basis vectors of the G-coordinate used to eluci- date their detailed characteristics were properly solved. Through rewriting the expression of the vertical coordi- nate of G, a mathematical expression of all the cr-coor- dinate surfaces was found, thereby quantifying the so- called terrain-following characteristics and lack of flexi- bility to adjust the slope variation of G-coordinate sur- faces for the classic definition of G. Finally, an analysis on the range value of the vertical coordinate demonstrated that the general value range of G could be obtained by eliminating the G-coordinate surfaces below the earth＇s surface. All these quantitative descriptions of the charac- teristics of G-coordinate were the foundation for improv- ing the G-coordinate or creating a new one.

关键词： quantitative description sigma coordinate 3-D schematic basis vectors non-orthogonal

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Statistical downscaling model for late-winter rainfall over Southwest China

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Science China earth Sciences 2015年第7期58卷 1827-1839页

作者： RUAN ChengQing LI JianPing FENG Juan State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences College of Earth Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences College of Global Change and Earth System Science Beijing Normal University Joint Center for Global Change Studies

A statistical downscaling model is built for the late-winter rainfall over Southwest China(SWC).A partial-correlation method is used for selecting *** results show that the selected factors for late-winter rainfall in SWC are sea level pressure in Western Europe(SNAO)and sea surface temperature in Western Pacific(WPT).SNAO is related to the southern pole of North Atlantic Oscillation(NAO)and excites Southern Eurasian teleconnection,which influences the development of the southern branch trough and the water vapor transport to *** indicates the variability of ENSO in the tropical Western *** excites Pacific-East Asia teleconnection and an anticyclone(cyclone)is formed in the southern part of China and suppresses(enhances)rainfall over SWC.A regression statistical downscaling model using SNAO and WPT shows good performance in fitting the variability of late-winter rainfall in the whole SWC region and every observation station,and the model also shows strong robustness in the independent *** statistical model can be used for downscaling output from seasonal forecast numerical models and improve the SWC late winter rainfall prediction in the future.

关键词： statistical downscaling Southwest China late-winter rainfall partial correlation

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