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Variation in the permafrost active layer over the Tibetan Plateau during 1980–2020

Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters 2024年第5期17卷 34-39页

作者： Jinglong Huang Chaofan Li Binghao Jia Chujie Gao Ruichao Li College of Oceanography Hohai UniversityNanjingChina Center for Monsoon System Research Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina College of Earth and Planetary Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina

The active layer,acting as an intermediary of water and heat exchange between permafrost and atmosphere,greatly influences biogeochemical cycles in permafrost areas and is notably sensitive to climate *** the Chinese Meteorological Forcing Dataset to drive the Community Land Model,version 5.0,this study simulates the spatial and temporal characteristics of active layer thickness(ALT)on the Tibetan Plateau(TP)from 1980 to *** show that the ALT,primarily observed in the central and western parts of the TP where there are insufficient station observations,exhibits significant interdecadal changes after *** average thickness on the TP decreases from 2.54 m during 1980–1999 to 2.28 m during 2000–*** change is mainly observed in the western permafrost region,displaying a sharp regional inconsistency compared to the eastern region.A persistent increasing trend of ALT is found in the eastern permafrost region,rather than an interdecadal *** aforementioned changes in ALT are closely tied to the variations in the surrounding atmospheric environment,particularly air ***,the area of the active layer on the TP displays a profound interdecadal change around 2000,arising from the permafrost thawing and *** consistently decreases before 2000 but barely changes after *** regional variation in the permafrost active layer over the TP revealed in this study indicates a complex response of the contemporary climate under global warming.

关键词： Active layer thickness Permafrost Tibetan plateau Climatological characteristics

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An Isentropic Mass Circulation View on the Extreme Cold Events in the 2020/21 Winter

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2022年第4期39卷 643-657页

作者： Yueyue YU Yafei LI Rongcai REN Ming CAI Zhaoyong GUAN Wei HUANG Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster Ministry of Education(KLME)/Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment Change(ILCEC)/Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters(CIC-FEMD)/Institute for Climate and Application Research(ICAR)Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing 210044China State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics(LASG) Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Tianjin Meteorological Disaster Defense Technology Centre Tianjin 300074China Department of Earth Ocean&Atmospheric SciencesFlorida State UniversityTallahasseeFlorida 32304USA Key Laboratory of Mesoscale Severe Weather/Ministry of Education and School of Atmospheric Sciences Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210044China

Three extreme cold events successively occurred across East Asia and North America in the 2020/21 *** study investigates the underlying mechanisms of these record-breaking persistent cold events from the isentropic mass circulation(IMC)*** show that the midlatitude cold surface temperature anomalies always co-occurred with the high-latitude warm anomalies,and this was closely related to the strengthening of the low-level equatorward cold air branch of the IMC,particularly along the climatological cold air routes over East Asia and North ***,the two cold surges over East Asia in early winter were results of intensification of cold air transport there,influenced by the Arctic sea ice loss in *** weakened cold air transport over North America associated with warmer northeastern Pacific sea surface temperatures(SSTs)explained the concurrent anomalous warmth *** enhanced a wavenumber-1 pattern and upward wave propagation,inducing a simultaneous and long-lasting stronger poleward warm air branch(WB)of the IMC in the stratosphere and hence a displacement-type Stratospheric Sudden Warming(SSW)event on 4 *** WB-induced increase in the air mass transported into the polar stratosphere was followed by intensification of the equatorward cold branch,hence promoting the occurrence of two extreme cold events respectively over East Asia in the beginning of January and over North America in *** do not yield a robust direct linkage from La Niña to the SSW event,IMC changes,and cold events,though the extratropical warm SSTs are found to contribute to the February cold surge in North America.

关键词： isentropic mass circulation extreme cold event Stratospheric Sudden Warming La Niña Arctic sea ice extratropical sea surface temperature

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Relationship of Ambient Humidity with Cardiovascular Diseases:A Prospective Study of 24,510 Adults in a General Population

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2024年第12期37卷 1352-1361页

作者： Congyi Zheng Jiamin Wu Haosu Tang Xin Wang Ye Tian Xue Cao Yixin Tian Runqing Gu Yuxin Song Xuyan Pei Jiayuan Qiu Zujiao Nie Minmei He Gang Huang Zengwu Wang Division of Prevention and Community Health National Center for Cardiovascular DiseaseNational Clinical Research Center of Cardiovascular DiseaseState Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular DiseaseFuwai HospitalPeking Union Medical College&Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijing 102308China Center for Project Supervision and Management National Health Commission of the People's Republic of ChinaBeijing 100191China Department of Geography University of SheffieldSheffieldUK Key Laboratory of Earth System Numerical Modeling and Application Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Department of Epidemiology School of Public HealthMedical College of Soochow UniversitySuzhou 201701JiangsuChina School of Management Beijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijing 100029China

Objective This study aimed to explore the association between humidity exposure and the risk of cardiovascular disease(CVD),utilizing follow-up data and relative humidity(RH)metric *** We extracted the baseline data from the China Hypertension Survey(CHS)of 24,510 enrolled participants aged≥35 years without a history of CVD between 2012 and 2015 and followed them up from 2018 to *** National Meteorological Information Center(NMIC)of the China Meteorological Administration(CMA)provided the quality-controlled relative humidity(RH)*** proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios(HRs)for CVD in relation to *** During the follow-up period(2018-2019),973 patients with CVD were *** HR of CVD risk was 1.17(95%CI:1.04-1.31)per 10%increase in summer mean *** with participants in the 3rd quintile group,those in the 1st and 5th quintiles of RH had a higher risk of *** summer mean RH,the HRs(95%CIs)for the 1st and 5th quintiles were 1.34(1.04-1.71)and 1.44(1.14-1.83),*** relationship(“U”shape)between summer mean RH and the risk of CVD was *** analyses indicated that the risk of CVD was substantially influenced by the summer mean RH in female,older individuals,and those in southern *** Unsuitable(too high or low)humidity environments affect the risk of *** study highlights those future policies for adapting to climate change should consider the humidity-CVD relationship.

关键词： Relative humidity Cardiovascular disease Risk factors Climate change

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Decadal changes of the wintertime tropical tropospheric temperature and their influences on the extratropical climate

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Science Bulletin 2016年第9期61卷 737-744页

作者：张嘉莹王林杨崧陈文皇甫静亮 Center for Monsoon System Research Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Monsoon System Research State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Earth Climate and Environment System School of Atmospheric Sciences Sun Yat-sen University

A decadal change of the tropical tropospheric temperature （TT） was identified to occur in the winter of 1997. Compared with that in the former period （1979-1996）, the wintertime TT was significantly high over most of the tropical regions except over the tropical eastern Pacific during the latter period （1997-2014） because the sea surface temperature （SST） exhibited a decadal La Nifia-like pattern after 1997. The warm SST anomalies over the tropical western Pacific facilitated enhanced precipitation and increased heat release to the tropical atmosphere, leading to a warmer tropical tropo- sphere in the latter period. In addition to the mean TT values, the interannual variability of the tropical TT changed in 1997. The leading mode of the tropical TT explained 72.9 % of the total variance in the former period. It led to significant warming over midlatitude North America via a Pacific-North America （PNA）-like wave train and off the coast of East Asia via an anomalous lower-tropospheric anticyclone around the Philippines. The mode remained a similar pattern but explained 85.4 % of the total variance in the latter period, and its location was slightly westward-shifted compared with that in the former period. As a result, the structure of the PNA-like wave train changed, leading to anomalous warming over northwestern North America and enhanced precipitation over the southern North America. Meanwhile, the anomalous lower- tropospheric anticyclone around the Philippines shifted westward, leading to increased precipitation and regional warming over East Asia. The decadal changes of the leading mode of the tropical TT and its influences on the extratropical climate can be attributed to the changes of the tropical SST variability.

关键词： Tropospheric temperature Sea surfacetemperature Decadal shift Interannual variabilityEast Asia North America

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Towards reliable Arctic sea ice prediction using multivariate data assimilation

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Science Bulletin 2019年第1期64卷 63-72页

作者： Jiping Liu Zhiqiang Chen Yongyun Hu Yuanyuan Zhang Yifan Ding Xiao Cheng Qinghua Yang Lars Nerger Gunnar Spreen Radley Horton Jun Inoue Chaoyuan Yang Ming Li Mirong Song Department of Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences University at Albany State University of New York College of Ocean and Meteorology Guangdong Ocean University Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences School of Physics Peking University College of Global Change and Earth System Science Beijing Normal University Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Climate Change and Natural Disaster Studies and School of Atmospheric Sciences Sun Yat-sen University Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz Zentrum für Polar-und Meeresforschung University of Bremen Institute of Environmental Physics Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory Columbia University Earth Institute National Institute of Polar Research Polar Research and Forecasting Division National Marine Environmental Forecasting Center State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences

Rapid declines in Arctic sea ice have captured attention and pose significant challenges to a variety of stakeholders. There is a rising demand for Arctic sea ice prediction at daily to seasonal time scales, which is partly a sea ice initial condition problem. Thus, a multivariate data assimilation that integrates sea ice observations to generate realistic and skillful model initialization is needed to improve predictive skill of Arctic sea ice. Sea ice data assimilation is a relatively new research area. In this review paper, we focus on two challenges for implementing multivariate data assimilation systems for sea ice forecast. First, to address the challenge of limited spatiotemporal coverage and large uncertainties of observations, we discuss sea ice parameters derived from satellite remote sensing that(1) have been utilized for improved model initialization, including concentration, thickness and drift, and(2) are currently under development with the potential for enhancing the predictability of Arctic sea ice, including melt ponds and sea ice leads. Second, to strive to generate the ‘‘best" estimate of sea ice initial conditions by combining model simulations/forecasts and observations, we review capabilities and limitations of different data assimilation techniques that have been developed and used to assimilate observed sea ice parameters in dynamical models.

关键词： Arctic sea ice prediction Remote sensing Data assimilation

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Quantifying local predictability of the Lorenz system using the nonlinear local Lyapunov exponent

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Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters 2017年第5期10卷 372-378页

作者： HUAI Xiao-Wei LI Jian-Ping DING Rui-Qiang FENG Jie LIU De-Qiang State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics (LASG) Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China College of Earth Science University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China College of Global Change and Earth System Science (GCESS) Beijing Normal University Beijing China Joint Center for Global Change Studies Beijing Normal University Beijing China College of Atmospheric Sciences Plateau Atmosphere and Environment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Chengdu University of Information Technology Chengdu China GIobal Systems Division Earth System Research Laboratory/Oceanic and Atmospheric Research/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Boulder CO USA Fujian Meteorological Observatory Fuzhou China

The nonlinear local Lyapunov exponent（NLLE） can be used as a quantification of the local predictability limit of chaotic systems. In this study, the phase-spatial structure of the local predictability limit over the Lorenz-63 system is investigated. It is found that the inner and outer rims of each regime of the attractor have a high probability of a longer than average local predictability limit, while the center part is the opposite. However, the distribution of the local predictability limit is nonuniformly organized, with adjacent points sometimes showing quite distinct error *** source of local predictability is linked to the local dynamics, which is related to the region in the phase space and the duration on the current regime.

关键词： Nonlinear local Lyapunov exponent local predictability limit chaotic system Lorenz system

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Comparison between the interannual and decadal components of the Silk Road pattern

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Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters 2018年第3期11卷 270-274页

作者： HONG Xiao-Wei XUE Shu-Hang LU Ri-Yu LIU Yu-Yun Climate Change Research Center Chinese Academy of Sciences College of Atmospheric Science Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences College of Earth Sciences University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Monsoon System Research Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences

The Silk Road pattern（SRP）, which is a teleconnection pattern along the Asian upper-tropospheric westerly jet in summer, exhibits both interannual and decadal variabilities. Through the nineyear Gaussian filtering method and regression analyses, this study compares the interannual and decadal components of the SRP. The results indicate that the interannual SRP corresponds to a well-organized wave train of alternate cyclonic and anticyclonic anomalies across the Eurasian continent along the Asian westerly jet, resulting in a similar wave-like pattern of cold and warm surface temperature anomalies. This pattern of temperature anomalies differs from that associated with the original SRP, which is characterized by warmer or cooler temperatures mainly over Europe–West Asia and Northeast Asia, depending on the phase of the SRP. On the other hand, the decadal SRP shows a similar pattern to the interannual one from Europe to Central Asia, but the meridional wind anomalies tend to be weak over East Asia. These circulation anomalies are responsible for the significant temperature anomalies over Europe–West Asia and Northeast Asia but weak anomalies between these two domains.

关键词： Silk Road pattern interannual variability decadal variation temperature

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Impact of ENSO events on the interannual variability of Hadley circulation extents in boreal winter

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Advances in Climate Change Research 2016年第1期7卷 46-53页

作者： GUO Yi-Peng LI Jian-Ping State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences College of Earth Science University of Chinese Academy of Sciences College of Global Change and Earth System Science Beijing Normal University

The interannual variability of the boreal winter Hadley circulation extents during the period of 1979e2014 and its links to El Ni^no-Southern Oscillation(ENSO) were investigated by using reanalysis datasets. Results showed that the El Ni^no(La Ni^na) events can induce the shrinking(expansion) of Hadley circulation extent in the Southern Hemisphere. For the Northern Hemisphere, El Ni^no(La Ni^na) mainly leads to shrinking(expansion) of the Hadley circulation extent in the middle and lower troposphere and expansion(shrinking) of the Hadley circulation extent in the upper troposphere. The ENSO associated meridional temperature gradients have close relationship with the Hadley circulation extents in both Hemispheres. But in the Northern Hemisphere, the ENSO associated eddy momentum flux divergence plays more important role in affecting the Hadley circulation extent than the meridional temperature gradient because of the small local Rossby number. In the Southern Hemisphere, as the ENSO induced eddy momentum flux divergence is small, the meridional temperature gradient dominates the change of the Hadley circulation extent.

关键词： Hadley circulation Extents Meridional temperature gradient ENSO

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Climatology and interannual variability of the annual mean Hadley circulation in CMIP5 models

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Advances in Climate Change Research 2016年第1期7卷 35-45页

作者： GUO Yi-Peng LI Jian-Ping FENG Juan State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences College of Earth Science University of Chinese Academy of Sciences College of Global Change and Earth System Science Beijing Normal University

Using 26 climate models from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5(CMIP5), climatology and the interannual variability of the annual mean Hadley circulation are evaluated. The results show that most of 26 models perform well in simulating the spatial structure of the climatology of the annual mean Hadley circulation, but the results derived from these models are generally weaker than that derived from the reanalysis dataset. Eighteen models can properly simulate well the asymmetric mode and symmetric mode of the annual mean Hadley circulation variability. Two models can only simulate asymmetric mode or symmetric mode and the other two models simulate reversed sequences of asymmetric mode and symmetric *** possible reason why some models cannot properly simulate the asymmetric mode and symmetric mode is that these models do not properly simulate the structure of zonal mean sea surface temperature(SST). Especially, not properly simulating variances of symmetric and asymmetric components of the SSTA will lead to reversed sequence of symmetric mode and asymmetric mode. And not properly simulated either symmetric or asymmetric component of the SSTA will lead to inability in simulating symmetric mode or asymmetric mode. On the other hand, some models properly simulate the asymmetric mode and symmetric mode, but do not properly simulate the responses to SST *** models can not reflect the air sea coupling processes in associated with the Hadley circulation, therefore they should be taken more care when classify the models into groups.

关键词： Hadley circulation CMIP5 models Symmetry Meridional SST gradient

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Regime Behavior in the Sea Surface Temperature-Cloud Radiative Forcing Relationships over the Pacific Cold Tongue Region

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Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters 2010年第5期3卷 271-276页

作者： WU Chun-Qiang ZHOU Tian-Jun De-Zheng SUN State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysieal Fluid Dynamics （LASG） Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China National Satellite Meteorological Center China Meteorological Administration Beijing 100081 China Cooperative Institute for Environmental Studies/University of Colorado ＆ NOAA/Earth System Research Laboratory Boulder Colorado USA

Previous analyses on the estimates of water vapor and cloud-related feedbacks in the tropics usually use observations over the earth Radiation Budget Experiment （ERBE） period （1985-89）. To examine the sample dependence of previous estimates, the authors extend the analysis to two additional periods： 1990-94 and 1995-99. The results confirm our hypothesis, i.e., the values of the feedbacks depend on the period of data coverage. The differences in the feedbacks from cloud radiative forcings （CRFs） estimated from the three periods are particularly significant. Two possible causes for these differences are proposed. First, a regime behavior in the CRFs-Sea Surface Temperature Anomaly （SSTA） rela- tionship over the cold tongue region is revealed： when SSTA is below -0.5℃, the CRF anomalies are insensitive to the SSTA; when the SSTA is between -0.5℃ and 2.0℃, the CRF anomalies are positively correlated with the SSTA; however, when the SSTA exceeds 2.0℃, the CRF anomalies decrease with the SSTA. This regime behavior is due to the regime behavior of cirrostratus and deep convective clouds. Second, the CRFs-SSTA relationship is regulated by remote forcings. Warming of the far eastern equatorial Pacific would reduce the water vapor convergence over the central Pacific by weakening the trade wind over the southeastern Pacific, thereby reducing the feeding of moisture to the convective flow. The results suggest that CRFs-SSTA relationships during ENSO events are nonlinear and strongly depend on the magnitude and the spatial distribution of the SSTA.

关键词： cloud radiative feedback cloud-SST regime ENSO nonlinearity

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