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Environmental benefits and farmers' adoption of winter cover crops in the North China Plain

Pedosphere 2024年第1期34卷 159-169页

作者： Shufang GUO Yitao ZHANG Limei ZHAI Jian LIU Hongyuan WANG Hongbin LIU State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China Key Laboratory of Nonpoint Source Pollution ControlMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsInstitute of Agricultural Resources and Regional PlanningChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China Institute of Agricultural Environment and Resources Yunnan Academy of Agricultural SciencesKunming 650205China Shandong Yucheng Agro-ecosystem National Observation Research Station Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and ModelingInstitute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China The Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research(NIBIO) Akershus 1431Norway

The introduction of cover crops into monoculture systems to improve soil health has been widely adopted worldwide. However, little is known about the environmental risks and application prospects of different cover crops in spring maize(Zea mays L.) monocultures proposed in the North China Plain. A pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of different winter cover crops on subsequent maize yield, soil fertility, and environmental risks of nitrogen(N) loss, and a questionnaire survey was conducted to examine factors influencing farmers' willingness to adopt cover crops in the North China Plain. Based on the same fertilization regime during the maize growing period, four winter cover crop treatments were set up, including bare fallow, hairy vetch(Vicia villosa Roth.), February orchid(Orychophragmus violaceus), and winter oilseed rape(Brassica campestris L.). The results indicated that winter cover crops significantly increased subsequent maize yield and soil organic carbon, total N, and microbial biomass carbon and N compared with the bare fallow *** incorporation of cover crops led to a negligible increase in nitrous oxide(N_(2)O) emissions and had a very limited effect on ammonia(NH_(3)) *** incorporation of February orchid and winter oilseed rape decreased nitrate leaching compared with the hairy vetch treatment in the maize growing *** N losses via N_(2)O and NH_(3) emissions and N leaching accounted for 71%–84% of the N surplus. However, yield increase and environmental benefits were not the main positive factors for farmers to accept cover crops. Financial incentive was rated by 83.9% of farmers as an “extremely important” factor, followed by other costs, when considering winter cover cropping. These results indicate that the environmental benefits depend on the type of cover crop. Maintaining high levels of soil fertility and maize yield, providing sufficient subsidies, and encouraging large-area cultivation of cover crops

关键词： cover crop N leaching NH_(3)emission N_(2)O emission spring maize willingness to accept

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Isotopic insights on quantitative assessments of interaction of eco-hydrological processes in multi-scale karst watersheds

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2024年第1期12卷 156-170页

作者： Zhuo Hao Yang Gao Qingwen Zhang Wen Wen Agricultural Clean Watershed Research Group Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in AgricultureCAASBeijing100081China Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchCASBeijing100101China School of Humanities and Social Sciences Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing100081China

The dynamics of hydrological processes and the storage mechanisms of karst water resources are the most important issues in karst *** impact of environmental changes on water quantity,and the evaluation and quantification of eco-hydrological processes remain poorly *** this study,high-frequency continuous monitoring in multi-scale karst watersheds in Southwest China combined the approaches of water isotopes and the hybrid single-particle lagrangian integrated trajectory(HYSPLIT)model to identify the recharge mechanisms between atmospheric vapor,rainfall,surface water,and groundwater,and to reveal the interaction of eco-hydrological *** dominant moisture sources in Puding(PD)County were the Indian Ocean(43-69%)and local moisture(24-33%).Theδ^(18)O and deuterium excess(d-excess)values showed a positive correlation indicating that secondary or sub-cloud evaporation was prominent in the wet *** water line-conditioned excess(lc-excess)indicated that karst water interacted with recent precipitation,groundwater,and evaporation across *** to its specific hydrogeological structure,surface water and rainwater have a higher contribution rate to groundwater *** Chenqi stream replenished the Houzhai River mainly in the form of groundwater,with percentages ranging from 38.1 to 93.5%in the wet season,and 47.8-80.1%in the dry *** the Houzhai outlet,surface water and groundwater interconverted frequently with a percentage of 45.6-49.1%.We believe this is the first systematic study to quantify the supply relationship between water vapor transport,rainfall,surface water and groundwater in the Chinese karst zone,making a significant move forward in the field of karst hydrological processes and improving the efficiency of water resource evaluation and management.

关键词： Stable isotope Moisture sources Water cycle Karst watersheds

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Critical role of multidimensional biodiversity in contributing to ecosystem sustainability under global change

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Geography and Sustainability 2023年第3期4卷 232-243页

作者： Ruiyang Zhang Dashuan Tian Jinsong Wang Shuli Niu Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Department of Environment and Resources University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

The 21st century has seen an acceleration of global change,including climate change,elevated carbon dioxide,nitrogen deposition,and land-use intensification,which poses a significant threat to ecosystem ***-ertheless,studies on the relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning(BEF)have consistently demonstrated that biodiversity enhances ecosystem functioning and its stability,even in variable environmental *** findings potentially indicate the critical role of biodiversity in promoting sustainable provi-sioning of ecosystem functioning under global *** paper provides a comprehensive review of current BEF research and the response of BEF to multiple global change *** demonstrate that(1)assessing the effects of biodiversity on ecosystem functioning requires consideration of multiple dimensions of diversity,such as diversity across multiple trophic levels(plants,animals,and microbes),multiple facets(taxonomy,functional traits,and phylogeny),and multiple spatial scales(local,regional,and landscape scales).(2)The interaction of multiple global change factors may lead to a greater reduction in biodiversity and ecosystem functioning than a single global change factor.(3)Multidimensional biodiversity regulates the response of ecosystem functioning to global change factors,indicating that high levels of multidimensional biodiversity can mitigate the negative impacts of global change on ecosystem ***,we emphasize that recognizing the importance of multidimensional biodiversity is critical for sustaining ecosystem ***,prioritizing conserva-tion efforts to maintain and enhance all dimensions of biodiversity is essential to address the challenges of future global change.

关键词： Biodiversity ecosystem functioning Global change ecosystem sustainability

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In-situ warming does not change soil priming effect induced by glucose addition in a temperate forest

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Pedosphere 2024年第4期34卷 759-769页

作者： Xiaohan DONG Yunting FANG Dongwei LIU Xin GUAN Kai HUANG Yuqi LIU Qingkui WANG Silong WANG Weidong ZHANG Huitong Experimental Station of Forest Ecology CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and ManagementInstitute of Applied EcologyShenyang 110016China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 101408China Hunan Key Laboratory for Structure and Ecosystem Service of Subtropical Forest Huitong National Research Station of Forest EcosystemHuitong 418307China Qingyuan Forest Chinese Ecosystem Research Network(CERN) National Observation and Research StationShenyang 110016China Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management Institute of Applied EcologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang 110016(China)f Key Laboratory of Stable Isotope Techniques and ApplicationsShenyang 110016China Key Laboratory of Terrestrial Ecosystem Carbon Neutrality Shenyang 110016China

Priming effect(PE)on soil organic carbon(SOC)decomposition caused by the addition of organic carbon(C)is an important ecological process in regulating soil C ***,most priming studies are confined to laboratory trials,while the assessment of soil PE under field conditions with variable weather conditions is *** study assessed the direct effects of glucose addition and in-situ warming on the extent of PE under field conditions in a temperate *** evaluated soil PE using 13C-glucose labelling,a simple and novel technique,based on the Keeling plot *** addition significantly enhanced native SOC decomposition and induced strong ***,the effect of in-situ warming on the extent of PE was not *** study confirms the importance of PE in regulating SOC turnover under field conditions.

关键词： lue lblling tchnquegbal wamingrmingt hppidfaty ai solganmattermineralisatn oezme respiration

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Off-farm income promotes energy transition in the Pan-Third Pole cross-national region

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Advances in Climate Change Research 2023年第5期14卷 798-809页

作者： Xiao-Qi ZHENG Xiang-Bo XU Chang LI Chao FU Zhao-Yuan FAN School of Economics Nanjing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsNanjing 210023China Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China United Nations Environment Programme-International Ecosystem Management Partnership(UNEP-IEMP) Beijing 100101China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

The Pan-Third Pole region comprises multiple nations affected by climate vulnerability and energy inequality,wherein promoting energy transitions in rural households would provide a path to combat climate *** the factors that drive rural household energy consumption and the transition is *** study performed a micro-survey of 1060 rural households in five countries in the Pan-Third Pole region and empirically analyzed the relationships between off-farm income,energy consumption,and energy *** off-farm income of rural households was found to have a significantly positive effect(p<0.01)on energy expenditure,indicating that energy expenditure increased with increasing off-farm ***-farm income has a significantly positive effect(p<0.01)on the proportion of commercial energy but a significantly negative effect on the proportion of noncommercial *** results indicate that increasing off-farm income can adjust the energy consumption structure of rural ***,a robustness check by substituting independent variables,instrumental variable method(IV),and propensity score matching method(PSM)provided strong evidence to prove the robustness of the *** heterogeneity analysis showed that the effects of off-farm income on energy expenditure and transitions differed among countries,off-farm income had no significant impact on energy expenditure in Cambodia and Myanmar,but it worked for China,Nepal,and ***,policy implications are proposed to promote energy transition in the Pan-Third pole region:providing more full-time or part-time off-farm employment opportunities,employment assistance or skill training by local governments;increasing the pace of infrastructure construction to solve energy inaccessibility;multiple measures to promote the education and environmental knowledge.

关键词： Off-farm income Rural household Energy consumption Energy transition Pan-Third Pole region

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Impact of residual antibiotics on microbial decomposition of livestock manures in Eutric Regosol:Implications for sustainable nutrient recycling and soil carbon sequestration

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2025年第1期147卷 498-511页

作者： Linfa Fang Prakash Lakshmanan Xiaoxuan Su Yujia Shi Zheng Chen Yu Zhang Wei Sun Junxi Wu Ran Xiao Xinping Chen Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin College of Resources and EnvironmentSouthwest UniversityChongqing 400715China Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement(Guangxi) Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsGuangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic ImprovementSugarcane Research InstituteGuangxi Academy of Agricultural SciencesNanning 530007China Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation University of QueenslandSt Lucia 4067QLDAustralia Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and National Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China

The land application of livestock manure has been widely acknowledged as a beneficial approach for nutrient recycling and environmental ***,the impact of residual antibiotics,a common contaminant of manure,on the degradation of organic compounds and nutrient release in Eutric Regosol is not well ***,we studied,how oxytetracycline(OTC)and ciprofloxacin(CIP)affect the decomposition,microbial community structure,extracellular enzyme activities and nutrient release from cattle and pig manure using litterbag incubation *** showed that OTC and CIP greatly inhibited livestock manure decomposition,causing a decreased rate of carbon(28%-87%),nitrogen(15%-44%)and phosphorus(26%-43%)*** relative abundance of gramnegative(G-)bacteria was reduced by 4.0%-13%while fungi increased by 7.0%-71%during a 28-day incubation ***-occurrence network analysis showed that antibiotic exposure disrupted microbial interactions,particularly among G-bacteria,G+bacteria,and *** changes in microbial community structure and function resulted in decreased activity of urease,β-1,4-N-acetyl-glucosaminidase,alkaline protease,chitinase,and catalase,causing reduced decomposition and nutrient release in cattle and pig *** findings advance our understanding of decomposition and nutrient recycling from manure-contaminated antibiotics,which will help facilitate sustainable agricultural production and soil carbon sequestration.

关键词： Residual antibiotics Livestock manure decomposition Microbial community Co-occurrence network Enzyme activities

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Divergent driving mechanisms of community temporal stability in China's drylands

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Environmental Science and Ecotechnology 2024年第4期20卷 237-246页

作者： Kai Wang Cong Wang Bojie Fu Jianbei Huang Fangli Wei Xuejing Leng Xiaoming Feng Zongshan Li Wei Jiang State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100085China College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry Hans-Kn€oll-Str.1007745JenaGermany Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China Shaanxi Yan'an Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station Beijing100085China National Observation and Research Station of Earth Critical Zone on the Loess Plateau in Shaanxi Xi'an710061China

Climate change and anthropogenic activities are reshaping dryland ecosystems globally at an unprecedented pace,jeopardizing their *** stability of these ecosystems is crucial for maintaining ecological balance and supporting local ***,the mechanisms governing their stability are poorly understood,largely due to the scarcity of comprehensive field *** we show the patterns of community temporal stability and its determinants across an aridity spectrum by integrating a transect survey across China's drylands with remote *** results revealed a U-shaped relationship between community temporal stability and aridity,with a pivotal shift occurring around an aridity level of *** less arid areas(aridity level below 0.88),enhanced precipitation and biodiversity were associated with increased community productivity and ***,in more arid zones(aridity level above 0.88),elevated soil organic carbon and biodiversity were linked to greater fluctuations in community productivity and reduced *** study identifies a critical aridity threshold that precipitates significant changes in community stability in China's drylands,underscoring the importance of distinct mechanisms driving ecosystem stability in varying aridity *** insights are pivotal for developing informed ecosystem management and policy strategies tailored to the unique challenges of dryland conservation.

关键词： Dryland ecosystems Community stability ecosystem management Species richness Aridity threshold

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Spatial distribution of vegetation carbon stock among different organs over the Tibetan Plateau:on an intensive field survey

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Journal of Forestry Research 2025年第1期36卷 311-320页

作者： Weixiang Cai Nianpeng He Li Xu College of Soil and Water Conservation Science and Engineering(Institute of Soil and Water Conservation) Northwest A&F UniversityYangling712100People’s Republic of China Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education School of EcologyNortheast Forestry UniversityHarbin150040People’s Republic of China Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101People’s Republic of China Earth Critical Zone and Flux Research Station of Xing’an Mountains Chinese Academy of SciencesDaxing’anling165200People’s Republic of China

Tibetan Plateau,as one of the most carbon intensive regions in China,is crucial in the carbon cycle,and accurately estimating its vegetation carbon density(C_(VEG))is essential for assessing regional and national carbon ***,the spatial distribution of regional C_(VEG) is not available remains highly uncertain due to lack of systematic research,especially for different ***,we investigated the spatial distribution patterns and driving factors of C_(VEG) among different plant organs(leaf,branch,trunk and root)by systematically field grid-sampling 2040 field-plots of plant communities over the Tibetan Plateau from 2019 to *** results showed that the carbon content of plant organs ranged from 255.53 to 515.58 g kg^(-1),with the highest in branches and the lowest in *** the different plant functional groups,the highest C_(VEG) was found in evergreen coniferous forests,and the lowest in desert grasslands,with an average C_(VEG) of 1603.98 g m^(-2).C_(VEG) increased spatially from northwest to southeast over the Tibetan Plateau,with MAP being the dominant ***,the total vegetation carbon stock on the Tibetan Plateau was estimated to be 1965.62 Tg for all vegetation *** on the comprehensive field survey dataset,the Random Forest model effectively predicted and mapped the spatial distribution of C_(VEG)(including aboveground,belowground,and the total biomass carbon density)over the Tibetan Plateau with notable accuracy(validation R2 values were 71%,56%,and 64%for C_(AGB),C_(BGB),and C_(VEG),respectively)at a spatial resolution of 1 km×1 *** findings can help improve the accuracy of regional carbon stock estimations and provide parameters for carbon cycle model optimization and remote sensing calibration in the future.

关键词： Tibetan Plateau Vegetation Carbon density Carbon stock Machine learning

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Estimation and testing of linkages between forest structure and rainfall interception characteristics of a Robinia pseudoacacia plantation on China’s Loess Plateau

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Journal of Forestry Research 2022年第2期33卷 529-542页

作者： Changkun Ma Yi Luo Mingan Shao Xiaoxu Jia State Key Laboratory of Eco-Hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region Xian University of TechnologyXianChina Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China

Understanding the interaction between canopy structure and the parameters of interception loss is essential in predicting the variations in partitioning rainfall and water resources as affected by changes in canopy structure and in implementing water-based management in semiarid forest *** this study,seasonal variations in rainfall interception loss and canopy storage capacity as driven by canopy structure were predicted and the linkages were tested using seasonal filed *** study was conducted in nine 50 m×50 m Robinia pseudoacacia plots in the semiarid region of China’s Loess *** rain-fall,throughfall and stemflow were measured in seasons with and without leaves in 2015 and *** show that measured average interception loss for the nine plots were 17.9% and 9.4% of gross rainfall during periods with leaves (the growing season) and without leaves, respectively. Average canopy storage capacity estimated using an indirect method was 1.3 mm in the growing season and 0.2 mm in the leafless season. Correlations of relative interception loss and canopy storage capacity to canopy variables were highest for leaf/wood area index (LAI/WAI) and canopy cover, fol-lowed by bark area, basal area, tree height and stand density. Combined canopy cover, leaf/wood area index and bark area multiple regression models of interception loss and canopy storage capacity were established for the growing season and in the leafless season in 2015. It explained 97% and 96% of the variations in relative interception loss during seasons with and without leaves, respectively. It also explained 98% and 99% of the variations in canopy storage capacity during seasons with and without leaves, respectively. The empiri-cal regression models were validated using field data col-lected in 2016. The models satisfactorily predicted relative interception loss and canopy storage capacity during seasons with and without leaves. This study provides greater under-standing a

关键词： Rainfall interception loss Canopy storage Canopy structure Regression models China’s Loess Plateau

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Determining nitrogen fate by hydrological pathways and impact on carbonate weathering in an agricultural karst watershed

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2023年第2期11卷 327-338页

作者： Zhuo Hao Yang Gao Yang Yang Qingwen Zhang Agricultural Clean Watershed Research Group Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in AgricultureCAASBeijing100081China Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchCAsBejing10011 China Sierra Nevada Research Institute University of CalifomiaMercedCA95344USA

Identifying the nitrogen(N)fate is complicated and a great challenge in karst watersheds because of the co-existence of natural pools and anthropogenic *** objective of the study was to use stable isotopic composition of dual-isotope(δ^(15)NNitrate and δ^(18)O_(Nitrate))and LOADEST model approaches to trace N sources,pathways in karst *** study was conducted in the Houzhai watershed,which is a typical agricultural karst watershed from July 2016 to August 2018,to reveal the N fate and the coupled carbon(C)-N processes occurring in the riverine-watershed with agricultural *** found that the wet deposition of total nitrogen(TN)flux was 33.50 kg hm^(-2)·a^(-1)and dissolved nitrogen(DN)flux was 21.66 kg hm^(-2)·a^(-1).The DN runoff loss was 2.10×10^(5)kg·a^(-1)and the loss of DN during the wet season accounted for 95.4%over a *** the wet season,NO_(3)^(-)-N daily efflux was 977.62±516.66 kg ha^(-1)·day^(-1)and 248.77±57.83 kg ha^(-1)·day^(-1)in the dry *** NH_(4)^(+)-N efflux was 29.17±10.50 kg ha^(-1)·day^(-1)and 4.42±3.07 kg ha^(-1)·day^(-1)in the wet and dry seasons,*** main form output load of N was NO_(3)^(-)-N which was more than 30 times as much as NH_(4)^(+)-N output *** NO_(3)^(-)N caused by rainfall contributed11.82%-53.61%to the export *** from soil contributed over 94%of the N to Houzhai river caused by N *** addition,manure and farmland soil were the main sources of groundwater in the Houzhai watersheds,the contribution rates were 25.9%and 22.5%.The chemical N fertilizers affected carbonate weathering strongly,and the HCO_(3)^(-) flux caused by nitrifi-cation due to N fertilizers application in soil accounted for 23.5%of the entire *** study suggested that carbonate weathering may be influenced by nitrogen nitrification in the karst watershed.

关键词： Karst Agricultural watershed Hydrological pathway Nitrogen Carbonate weathering

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