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Ecological risk assessment of soil cadmium in China’s coastal economic development zone:a meta-analysis

ecosystem Health and Sustainability 2020年第1期6卷 139-150,138页

作者： Mingxing Sun Ting Wang Xiangbo Xu Linxiu Zhang Jing Li Yajuan Shi Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina UN Environment-International Ecosystem Management Partnership(UNEP-IEMP) BeijingChina State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina Institute of Loess Plateau Shanxi UniversityTaiyuanChina

The coastal area of China has faced major strategic planning and environmental pollution,including heavy metals *** study aimed to provide a comprehensive evaluation of the effects of Cd pollution on the ecology in coastal areas of China.A soil Cd pollution database of 300 counties or districts in coastal areas was screened from academic dissertations and academic journal *** on the database,the ecological risk was evaluated using entropy methods and probabilistic ecological risk assessment(PERA),and the advantages and disadvantages of these methods were *** China’s coastal areas,the soil Cd content in 10.33%of the counties was higher than the minimum of risk control value(1.5 mg/kg),and in 4.00%of the counties was higher than the maximum of risk control value(4.0 mg/kg).The ecological risks were highly compatible with national strategic planning *** Province,Zhejiang Province,and Guangdong Province ranked among the top three coastal areas for soil Cd contamination,and the ecological risks were 18.80%,17.89%,and 15.77%at the maximum no-effect concentration/lowest effect concentration(NOEC/LOEC)*** study can provide insights to policymakers regarding the protection of ecosystems threatened by heavy metals in the process of regional strategic planning.

关键词： Cadmium soil ecological risk coastal economic development zone

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A review of mass flux monitoring and estimation methods for biogeochemical interface processes in watersheds

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2020年第6期30卷 881-907页

作者： LU Yao GAO Yang YANG Tiantian Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling.Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research CASBeijing 100101China College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China School of Clvil Engineering and Environmental Science University of Oklahoma.NormanOK 73019.United States

The magnitude of mass flux is closely associated with biogeochemical watershed processes,which can generate a considerable amount of pertinent ***,both the accuracy and precision of mass flux estimation results directly affects the perception of the ecological environmental status,which in turn affects both the formulation and implementation of river basin management *** practical applications,the true value of flux is unknown and can only be *** results obtained using different monitoring and estimation methods also differ ***,in existing studies on mass flux associated with biogeochemical watershed interfaces,the application of monitoring and estimation methods lacks uniform criteria or ***,this study summarizes and deconstructs results from recent studies on biogeochemical watershed interface processes and compares the advantages,disadvantages and applicability of the monitoring and estimation methods used by these *** particular study is intended to be used as a reference for the selection of flux calculation methods.

关键词： flux basin monitoring estimation biogeochemical cycle

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Patterns in leaf traits of leguminous and non-leguminous dominant trees along a rainfall gradient in Ghana

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2016年第1期9卷 69-76页

作者： Minghua Song Gloria Djagbletey Elvis E.Nkrumah Mei Huang Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesA11Datun RoadChaoyang DistrictBeijing 100101China Forestry Research Institute of Ghana(CSIR-FORIG) UP Box 63KNUST-KumasiGhana

Aims Both dominance distribution of species and the composition of the dominant species determine the distribution of traits within *** carbon(C)and nitrogen(N)isotopic composition are important leaf traits,and such traits of dominant species are associated with ecosystem C,water and N *** little is known how dominant species with distinct traits(e.g.N-fixing leguminous and non-leguminous trees)mediate resource utilization of the ecosystems in stressful *** Leaves of 81 dominant leguminous and non-leguminous trees were collected in forest(moist semi-deciduous and dry semi-deciduous ecosystems)and savanna(costal savanna,Guinean savanna and west Sudanian savanna ecosystems)areas and the transitional zone(between the forest and the savanna)along the transect from the south to the north of *** measured leaf traits,***δ13C,leafδ15N,leaf water content,leaf mass per area(LMA)and C and N *** analyses were used to examine trait–trait relationships,and relationships of leaf traits with temperature and *** used analysis of covariance to test the differences in slopes of the linear regressions between legumes and *** Findings Leafδ13C,δ15N,leaf water content and LMA did not differ between leguminous and non-leguminous *** N concentration and C:N ratio differed between the two ***,leaf traits varied significantly among the six ecosystems.δ13C values were negatively correlated with annual precipitation and positively correlated with mean annual *** contrast,leafδ15N of non-leguminous trees were positively correlated with annual precipitation and negatively correlated with mean annual *** leguminous trees,such correlations were not *** also found significant coordination between leaf ***,the slopes of the linear relationships were significantly different between leguminous and non-leguminous *** results indicate th

关键词： leafδ13C leafδ15N leaf mass per area(LMA) dominance precipitation gradient

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Accumulation of residual soil microbial carbon in Chinese fir plantation soils after nitrogen and phosphorus additions

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Journal of Forestry Research 2018年第4期29卷 948-957页

作者： Zhiqiang Ma Xinyu Zhang Chuang Zhang Huimin Wang Fusheng Chen Xiaoli Fu Xiangmin Fang Xiaomin Sun Qiuliang Lei Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research(CAS) College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of Sciences College of Land and Environment Shenyang Agricultural University College of Forestry Jiangxi Agricultural University Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences

Nitrogen （N） and phosphorus （P） additions can affect soil microbial carbon （C） accumulation. However, the mechanisms that drive the changes in residual microbial C that occur after N and P additions have not been well-defined for Chinese fir plantations in subtropical China. We set up six different treatments, viz. a control （CK）, two N treatments （NI： 50kgha-1 a-1; N2： 100 kg ha-1 a-1）, one P treatment （P： 50 kg ha-1 a-1）, and two combined N and P treatments （NIP： 50kgha-1a-1 of N ＋50kgha-1a-1 of P; N2P：100 kg ha-1 a-1 of N ＋ 50 kg ha-1 a-1 of P）. We then investigated the influences of N and P additions on residual microbial C. The results showed that soil pH and microbial biomass decreased after N additions, while microbial biomass increased after P additions. Soil organic carbon （SOC） and residual microbial C contents increased in the N and P treatments but not in the control. Residual microbial C accumulation varied according to treatment and declined in the order： N2P 〉 N1P 〉 N2 〉 N1 〉 P 〉 CK. Residual microbial C contents were positively correlated with available N, P, and SOC contents, but were negatively correlated with soil pH. The ratio of residual fungal C to residual bacterial C increased under P additions, but declined under combined N1P additions. The ratio of residual microbial C to SOC increased from 11 to 14% under the N1P and N2P treatments, respectively. Our results suggest that the concentrations of residual microbial C and the stability of SOC would increase under combined applications of N and P fertilizers in subtropical Chinese fir plantation soils.

关键词： Amino sugar Chinese fir plantation N and Padditions Residual microbial carbon Soil environmentvariable

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Seasonal variations of the water budget in typical grassland ecosystems in China

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Shengtai Xuebao 2016年第4期36卷 301-310页

作者： Zuo, Yao Wang, Qiufeng Zheng, Han Shi, Peili Li, Yingnian Wang, Yanfen Synthesis Research Center of CERN Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China Lhasa National Ecological Research Station Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China Northwest Plateau Institute of Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences Xining 810001 China

Regional droughts may become more frequent this century as a result of anthropogenic global climate change. Thus, it is becoming critically important to evaluate the water budget accurately in terrestrial ecosystems. The water budget, which represents an important index for drought, is widely used to characterize water cycle processes in terrestrial ecosystems and to inform management decisions regarding regional water resources. As a vital component of the terrestrial biosphere, grassland ecosystem plays crucial role in regional carbon sinks and sources especially that located in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. In this study, based on water balance method, seasonal variations of water budget were analyzed using flux data obtained from eddy covariance measurements from 2004 to 2011 in an alpine meadow in Damxung (DX), an alpine shrubland in Haibei (HBGC), and a Leymus chinensis grassland in Inner Mongolia (NMG). We found that seasonal variations of water budget were quite different among the three ecosystems. The average water budget were (−81.48 ± 76.56) mm, (−35.97 ± 81.70) mm, and (−53.05 ± 56.91) mm for DX, HBGC, and NMG, respectively. Water surplus happened from June to August in DX with an amount of (52.04 ± 68.15) mm, while water deficit existed during the other months of the year with an amount of (−133.51 ± 42.62) mm. There was little evidence of water deficit in HBGC at the yearly scale. However, seasonal water surplus occurred from May to September with an average of (30.11 ± 67.47) mm and water deficiency were noted during the other months of the year with an average of (−66.08 ± 25.87) mm. Due to lack of precipitation in NMG, water deficiency occurred from January to March, and the amount of deficiency during this time period was (−18.01 ± 17.95) mm. Although precipitation was ample from April to October, water deficiency still occurred in NMG as a result of high evapotranspiration (i.e., the deficiency was approximately (−39.99 ± 70.49) mm). In addition, th

关键词： ChinaFLUX Eddy covariance Evapotranspiration Precipitation Water balance Water budget

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Environmental benefits and farmers' adoption of winter cover crops in the North China Plain

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Pedosphere 2024年第1期34卷 159-169页

作者： Shufang GUO Yitao ZHANG Limei ZHAI Jian LIU Hongyuan WANG Hongbin LIU State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China Key Laboratory of Nonpoint Source Pollution ControlMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsInstitute of Agricultural Resources and Regional PlanningChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China Institute of Agricultural Environment and Resources Yunnan Academy of Agricultural SciencesKunming 650205China Shandong Yucheng Agro-ecosystem National Observation Research Station Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and ModelingInstitute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China The Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research(NIBIO) Akershus 1431Norway

The introduction of cover crops into monoculture systems to improve soil health has been widely adopted worldwide. However, little is known about the environmental risks and application prospects of different cover crops in spring maize(Zea mays L.) monocultures proposed in the North China Plain. A pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of different winter cover crops on subsequent maize yield, soil fertility, and environmental risks of nitrogen(N) loss, and a questionnaire survey was conducted to examine factors influencing farmers' willingness to adopt cover crops in the North China Plain. Based on the same fertilization regime during the maize growing period, four winter cover crop treatments were set up, including bare fallow, hairy vetch(Vicia villosa Roth.), February orchid(Orychophragmus violaceus), and winter oilseed rape(Brassica campestris L.). The results indicated that winter cover crops significantly increased subsequent maize yield and soil organic carbon, total N, and microbial biomass carbon and N compared with the bare fallow *** incorporation of cover crops led to a negligible increase in nitrous oxide(N_(2)O) emissions and had a very limited effect on ammonia(NH_(3)) *** incorporation of February orchid and winter oilseed rape decreased nitrate leaching compared with the hairy vetch treatment in the maize growing *** N losses via N_(2)O and NH_(3) emissions and N leaching accounted for 71%–84% of the N surplus. However, yield increase and environmental benefits were not the main positive factors for farmers to accept cover crops. Financial incentive was rated by 83.9% of farmers as an “extremely important” factor, followed by other costs, when considering winter cover cropping. These results indicate that the environmental benefits depend on the type of cover crop. Maintaining high levels of soil fertility and maize yield, providing sufficient subsidies, and encouraging large-area cultivation of cover crops

关键词： cover crop N leaching NH_(3)emission N_(2)O emission spring maize willingness to accept

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Surface roughness length dynamic over several different surfaces and its effects on modeling fluxes

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Science China Earth Sciences 2006年第S2期49卷 262-272页

作者： ZHOU Yanlian, SUN Xiaomin, ZHU Zhilin, ZHANG Renhua, TIAN Jing, LIU Yunfen, GUAN Dexin & YUAN Guofu key laboratory of ecosystem network observation and modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China 1. Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China2. Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China3. Institute of Applied Ecology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenyang 110016 China

Roughness length and zero-plane displacement over three typical surfaces were calculated iteratively by least-square method, which are Yucheng Experimental Station for agriculture surfaces, Qianyanzhou Experimental Station for complex and undulant surfaces, and Changbai Mountains Experimental Station for forest surfaces. On the basis of roughness length dynamic, the effects of roughness length dynamic on fluxes were analyzed with SEBS model. The results indicate that, aerodynamic roughness length changes with vegetation conditions (such as vegetation height, LAI), wind speed, friction velocity and some other factors. In Yucheng and Changbai Mountains Experimental Station, aerodynamic roughness length over the fetch of flux tower changes with vegetation height and LAI obviously, that is, with the increase of LAI, roughness length increases to the peak value firstly, and then decreases. In Qianyanzhou Experimental Station, LAI changes slightly, so the relationship between roughness length and LAI is not obvious. The aerodynamic roughness length of Yucheng and Changbai Mountains Experimental Station changes slightly with wind direction, while aerodynamic roughness length of Qianyanzhou Experimental Station changes obviously with wind direction. The reason for that is the terrain in Yucheng and Changbai Mountains Experimental Station is relatively flat, while in Qianyanzhou Experimental Station the terrain is very undulant and heterogeneous. With the increase of wind speed, aerodynamic roughness length of Yucheng Experimental Station changes slightly, while it decreases obviously in Qianyanzhou Experimental Station and Changbai Mountains Experimental Station. Roughness length dynamic takes great effects on fluxes calculation, and the effects are analyzed by SEBS model. By comparing 1 day averaged roughness length in Yucheng Experimental Station and 5 day averaged roughness length of Qianyanzhou and Changbai Mountains Experimental Station with roughness length parameter

关键词： ChinaFLUX surface roughness length dynamic spatial heterogeneity Yucheng Experimental Station Qianyanzhou Experimental Station Changbai Mountains Experimental Station.

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Carbon Sequestration in Two Alpine Soils on the Tibetan Plateau

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2009年第9期51卷 900-905页

作者： Yu-Qiang Tian Xing-Liang Xu Ming-Hua Song Cai-Ping Zhou Qiong Gao Hua Ouyang College of Resources Science & Technology State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modelling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China

Soil carbon sequestration was estimated in a conifer forest and an alpine meadow on the Tibetan Plateau using a carbon- 14 radioactive label provided by thermonuclear weapon tests （known as bomb-^14C）. Soil organic matter was physically separated into light and heavy fractions. The concentration spike of bomb-^14C occurred at a soil depth of 4 cm in both the forest soil and the alpine meadow soil. Based on the depth of the bomb-^14C spike, the carbon sequestration rate was determined to be 38.5 g C/m^2 per year for the forest soil and 27.1 g C/m^2 per year for the alpine meadow soil. Considering that more than 60% of soil organic carbon （SOC） is stored in the heavy fraction and the large area of alpine forests and meadows on the Tibetan Plateau, these alpine ecosystems might partially contribute to ＂the missing carbon sink＂.

关键词： alpine soils bomb carbon carbon sequestration soil organic carbon.

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Specific Responses of Soil Microbial Residue Carbon to Long-Term Mineral Fertilizer Applications to Reddish Paddy Soils

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Pedosphere 2018年第3期28卷 488-496页

作者： ZHANG Xinyu XIE Juan YANG Fengting DONG Wenyi DAI Xiaoqin YANG Yang SUN Xiaomin Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101( China) College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190( China) Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing 100081(China)

Mineral nutrient inputs to soil may alter microbial activity and consequently influence the accumulation of microbial residues. In this study, we investigated the effects of application rates and ratios of mineral fertilizers on the microbial residue carbon(MRC) of reddish paddy soils after long-term(15-year) fertilizer applications in southern China. Contents of three soil amino sugars as microbial residue contents were determined and MRC were calculated based on amino sugars. Results showed that three individual amino sugar contents increased as fertilizer application rates increased until maximum values were reached at a rate of 450-59-187 kg ha^(-1) year^(-1)(N-P-K). The three amino sugar contents then declined significantly under the highest mineral fertilizer application rate of 675-88-280 kg ha^(-1) year^(-1)(N-P-K). In addition, to enhance the microbial residue contents, it was more beneficial to double P(N:P:K= 1:0.26:0.41) in fertilizers applied to the P-deficient reddish paddy soils than to double either N(N:P:K = 2:0.13:0.41) or K(N:P:K= 1:0.13:0.82). The contents of the three individual amino sugars and microbial residues under different fertilizer application rates and ratios were significantly and positively correlated with soil organic carbon(SOC), total N, total P, and p H. Increases in values of the fungal C to bacterial C ratios showed that soil organic matter(SOM) stability increased because of the fertilizer applications over the past 15 years. The contents and ratios of amino sugars can be used as indicators to evaluate the impact of mineral fertilizer applications on SOM dynamics in subtropical paddy soils. The results indicated that fertilizer applications at a rate of 450-59-187 kg ha^(-1) year^(-1)(N-P-K) may improve crop yields, SOC contents, and SOC stability in subtropical paddy soils.

关键词： amino sugar application rate application ratio bacterial C fungal C soil nutrient soil organic C

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Determining nitrogen fate by hydrological pathways and impact on carbonate weathering in an agricultural karst watershed

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2023年第2期11卷 327-338页

作者： Zhuo Hao Yang Gao Yang Yang Qingwen Zhang Agricultural Clean Watershed Research Group Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in AgricultureCAASBeijing100081China Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchCAsBejing10011 China Sierra Nevada Research Institute University of CalifomiaMercedCA95344USA

Identifying the nitrogen(N)fate is complicated and a great challenge in karst watersheds because of the co-existence of natural pools and anthropogenic *** objective of the study was to use stable isotopic composition of dual-isotope(δ^(15)NNitrate and δ^(18)O_(Nitrate))and LOADEST model approaches to trace N sources,pathways in karst *** study was conducted in the Houzhai watershed,which is a typical agricultural karst watershed from July 2016 to August 2018,to reveal the N fate and the coupled carbon(C)-N processes occurring in the riverine-watershed with agricultural *** found that the wet deposition of total nitrogen(TN)flux was 33.50 kg hm^(-2)·a^(-1)and dissolved nitrogen(DN)flux was 21.66 kg hm^(-2)·a^(-1).The DN runoff loss was 2.10×10^(5)kg·a^(-1)and the loss of DN during the wet season accounted for 95.4%over a *** the wet season,NO_(3)^(-)-N daily efflux was 977.62±516.66 kg ha^(-1)·day^(-1)and 248.77±57.83 kg ha^(-1)·day^(-1)in the dry *** NH_(4)^(+)-N efflux was 29.17±10.50 kg ha^(-1)·day^(-1)and 4.42±3.07 kg ha^(-1)·day^(-1)in the wet and dry seasons,*** main form output load of N was NO_(3)^(-)-N which was more than 30 times as much as NH_(4)^(+)-N output *** NO_(3)^(-)N caused by rainfall contributed11.82%-53.61%to the export *** from soil contributed over 94%of the N to Houzhai river caused by N *** addition,manure and farmland soil were the main sources of groundwater in the Houzhai watersheds,the contribution rates were 25.9%and 22.5%.The chemical N fertilizers affected carbonate weathering strongly,and the HCO_(3)^(-) flux caused by nitrifi-cation due to N fertilizers application in soil accounted for 23.5%of the entire *** study suggested that carbonate weathering may be influenced by nitrogen nitrification in the karst watershed.

关键词： Karst Agricultural watershed Hydrological pathway Nitrogen Carbonate weathering

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