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Diversity loss and light limitation threaten the sustainability of ecosystem productivity gains under nitrogen enrichment

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Science of the Total Environment 2025年 958卷 177960页

作者： Zhang, Wenshuo Li, Tingting Li, Jiawen Zhang, Ruiyang Xu, Li Wang, Jinsong Hu, Jian Niu, Shuli Tian, Dashuan Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research CAS Beijing100101 China College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China College of Life Sciences China West Normal University Nanchong637009 China Sichuan Zoige Alpine Wetland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station Southwest Minzu University Chengdu610041 China

Plant photosynthesis significantly regulates atmospheric CO₂ but is often limited by nitrogen (N) availability. While N deposition could alleviate this limitation and enhance gross ecosystem productivity (GEP), its long-term effects are uncertain due to potential negative impacts like biodiversity loss and soil acidification. Yet, many long-term N addition experiments emphasize community biomass over gross GEP. Here, we conducted a six-year N addition experiment in an alpine meadow, frequently monitoring GEP, community structure, aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP)and plant traits. We found that N addition significantly enhanced GEP in the first three years, but during 4–6 years this effect disappeared. We further disentangled the mechanisms affecting GEP into biomass-based and non-biomass-based processes. The latter is expressed as biomass-specific GEP, defined as GEP per unit biomass. Differing with GEP, biomass-specific GEP provides a metric of carbon assimilation efficiency normalized to biomass. Unlike previous studies, we found that it was not ANPP, but specific GEP that determined the loss of the short-term N effect. ANPP showed a consistent increase under N addition, whereas specific GEP decreased in the last three years. This specific GEP reduction was primarily regulated by biodiversity loss and increased light limitation under N addition. Overall, our findings suggest that short-term benefits of N deposition on GEP are not sustained in long term, highlighting the need to explore the non-biomass-based mechanisms to better predict ecosystem responses to prolonged N enrichment. © 2024 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Anthropogenic

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Provincial anthropogenic emission inventory of carbonyl sulfide (COS) in China from 2015 to 2021

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2025年第5期35卷 923-940页

作者： Jiang, Yunhao Chen, Bin Wang, Shaoqiang Li, Tingyu Chen, Shiliang Wang, Lunche Wang, Lizhe School of Future Technology China University of Geosciences Wuhan China Key Laboratory of Regional Ecology and Environmental Change School of Geography and Information Engineering China University of Geosciences Wuhan China Engineering Technology Innovation Center for Intelligent Monitoring and Spatial Regulation of Land Carbon Sinks Ministry of Natural Resources Wuhan China Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research CAS Beijing China Hubei Key Laboratory of Intelligent Geo-Information Processing China University of Geosciences Wuhan China

Carbonyl sulfide (COS) is an effective tracer for estimating Gross Primary Productivity (GPP) in the carbon cycle. As the largest contribution to the atmosphere, anthropogenic COS emissions must be accurately quantified. In this study, an anthropogenic COS emission inventory from 2015 to 2021 was constructed by applying the bottom-up approach based on activity data from emission sources. China’s anthropogenic COS emissions increased from approximately 171 to 198 Gg S yr−1 from 2015–2021, differing from the trends of other pollutants. Despite an initial decline in COS emissions across sectors during the early stage of the COVID-19 pandemic, a rapid rebound in emissions occurred following the resumption of economic activities. In 2021, industrial sources, coal combustion, agriculture and vehicle exhaust accounted for 76.8%, 12.3%, 10.5% and 0.4% of total COS emissions, respectively. The aluminum industry was the primary COS emitter among industrial sources, contributing 40.7% of total emissions. Shandong, Shanxi, and Zhejiang were the top three provinces in terms of anthropogenic COS emissions, reaching 39, 21 and 17 Gg S yr−1, respectively. Provincial-level regions (hereafter province) with high COS emissions are observed mainly in the eastern and coastal regions of China, which, together with the wind direction, helps explain the pattern of high COS concentrations in the Western Pacific Ocean in winter. The Green Contribution Coefficient of COS (GCCCOS) was used to assess the relationship between GDP and COS emissions, highlighting the disparity between GDP and COS contributions to green development. As part of this analysis, relevant recommendations are proposed to address this disparity. The COS emission inventory in our study can be used as input for the Sulfur Transport and Deposition Model (STEM), reducing uncertainties in the atmospheric COS source–sink budget and promoting understanding of the atmosphere sulfur cycle.

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Advancing diurnal analysis of vegetation responses to drought events in the Yangtze River Basin using next-generation satellite data

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Science of the Total Environment 2025年 959卷 178269页

作者： Li, Tingyu Wang, Shaoqiang Deng, Zhuoying Chen, Jinghua Chen, Bin Liang, Zhewei Chen, Xuan Jiang, Yunhao Gu, Peng Sun, Leigang Hubei Key Laboratory of Regional Ecology and Environmental Change School of Geography and Information Engineering China University of Geosciences Hubei Wuhan China Engineering Technology Innovation Center for Intelligent Monitoring and Spatial Regulation of Land Carbon Sinks Ministry of Natural Resources Hubei Wuhan China Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research CAS Beijing China Hebei Academy of Sciences Institute of Geographical Sciences Hebei Shijiazhuang China

Extreme climate events, particularly droughts, pose significant threats to vegetation, severely impacting ecosystem functionality and resilience. However, the limited temporal resolution of current satellite data hinders accurate monitoring of vegetation's diurnal responses to these events. To address this challenge, we leveraged the advanced satellite ECOSTRESS, combining its high-resolution evapotranspiration (ET) data with a LightGBM model to generate the hourly continuous ECOSTRESS-based ET (HC-ETECO) for the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River Basin (YRB) from 2015 to 2022. This dataset showed strong agreement with both ground-based and satellite observations. Utilizing the SPEI, we identified the significant drought period: September to November 2019 and August to September 2022. By integrating hourly Solar-Induced Chlorophyll Fluorescence (SIF) data, we observed that during drought period, the typical afternoon peak in SIF was absent. In contrast to non-drought period, morning photosynthesis and SIF-based Water Use Efficiency (WUESIF) anomalies were primarily driven by high Vapor Pressure Deficit (VPD), while the afternoon reductions were influenced by both high VPD and low Soil Moisture (SM) as the drought progressed. Our simulated HC-ETECO data revealed that ET in the middle and lower reaches of the YRB was consistently lower than normal during drought period. Attribution analysis indicated that this reduction was primarily driven by midday temperature increases and high VPD, suggesting that vegetation in the region copes with drought stress predominantly by limiting water loss. These findings highlight the utility of the generated high-resolution ET dataset in advancing our understanding of vegetation dynamics under drought climate conditions. This work provides critical insights for enhancing climate adaptation strategies and enhancing ecosystem management practices in the face of increasing climate variability. © 2024 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Anthropogenic

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Protected areas mitigate the reduction in habitat suitability for swans under climate change: A case study in the Yellow River Basin

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Environmental Research 2025年 278卷

作者： Wang, Chunxiao Yu, Xiubo Duan, Houlang Zhao, Wei Xia, Shaoxia Lan, Keqi Shi, Qingqing Damba, Iderbat Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100101 China College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100101 China Inner Mongolia Lao Niu Foundation Hohhot010010 China School of Forestry Beijing Forestry University Beijing100083 China Institute of Biology Mongolian Academy of Sciences Ulaanbaatar13330 Mongolia

Changes in migratory birds' habitats are important indicators of the health of global ecosystems. However, the habitat dynamics of the flagship swan species in China's major river basins and the adaptive strategies these species employ to respond to climate change have remained unclear. Using citizen science data, survey data, and species distribution models, we explored how three future climate scenarios for 2040–2060 affect habitat suitability for migratory swans in the Yellow River Basin. We also evaluated the role of protected areas (PAs) in mitigating the negative impacts of climate change. We found that (1) under current climate conditions, the Mute Swan (Cygnus olor), the Bewick's Swan (Cygnus columbianus bewickii), and the Whooper Swan (Cygnus cygnus) occupy substantial suitable habitats, with the Whooper Swan having the most extensive range. (2) the Mute Swan and the Bewick's Swan were predicted to experience the largest habitat loss under the high-emission scenario, while the Whooper Swan would benefit from climate change by gaining suitable habitat, especially under the medium-emission scenario. (3) PAs were most effective in mitigating the adverse effects of climate change on habitat suitability for the Mute Swan, followed by the Whooper Swan, with limited mitigating effect for the Bewick's Swan. These findings highlight the need for species-specific conservation strategies and the critical role of PAs in preserving habitat suitability under climate change. © 2025

关键词： Global warming

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Characteristics of dew events in an arid artificial oasis cropland and a sub-humid cropland in China

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Journal of Arid Land 2016年第3期8卷 399-408页

作者： MENG Yao WEN Xuefa Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences

Dew is an important source of water which significantly influences the physiological status of vegetation and the microclimate environment. For quantifying the characteristics of dew events and analyzing the underlying mechanism of dew formation in different ecosystems, we measured, based on the flux-profile method, the amount, frequency and duration of dew events in two croplands, an arid artificial oasis cropland in Zhangye, Gansu province and a sub-humid cropland in Luancheng, Hebei province in China. The results showed that dew events were observed in a total of 69 days in Zhangye, which accounted for 59% of the growing season（from 28 May to 21 September, 2012）, while 128 days in Luancheng, which accounted for 79% of the growing season（from 5 April to 13 September, 2008）. The frequencies of dew events were 2.8 and 2.4 times of those of precipitation in Zhangye and Luancheng, respectively. In addition, the dew amount reached up to 9.9 and 20.2 mm in Zhangye and Luancheng, which accounted for 9.5% and 4.1% of precipitation, respectively. The average amount of dew was 0.14 and 0.16 mm/night in Zhangye and Luancheng, respectively and the duration of dew events ranged from 0.5 to 12.0 h in the two study sites. Dew amounts were associated with the gradient of atmospheric water vapor concentration and dew duration（P＆lt;0.001） in both the two sites. The result implies that dew events play a more important role in crop growth in arid areas in comparison to sub-humid areas considering the dew occurrence frequency and the amount per night.

关键词： dew amount frequency of dew duration of dew flux-profile

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Importance of the antecedent environmental factors’ memory effects on the temporal variation of terrestrial gross primary productivity

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Ecological Indicators 2025年 175卷

作者： Liu, Weihua Feng, Lili Niu, Zhongen Lv, Yan Zhang, Mengyu College of JunCao Science and Ecology Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou350002 China Research Institute of Forestry Chinese Academy of Forestry Beijing100091 China School of Resources and Environmental Engineering Ludong University Yantai264025 China School of Civil Engineering and Geomatics Shandong University of Technology Zibo255000 China Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100101 China

Quantitative estimation of temporal variation in ecosystem productivity is crucial for assessing the stability and sustainability of ecosystem carbon sinks. However, current assessments of temporal variation of gross primary productivity (GPP) suffer from inaccuracies due to oversight of the memory effect of GPP on antecedent environmental and vegetation changes. By introducing memory effect into a time-dependent deep learning model, we investigated the responses of GPP to antecedent environmental and vegetation factors, and further simulated and analyzed the temporal trend and interannual variation of GPP at site and spatial scales. Our results indicate that (i) incorporating memory effect significantly improves the explanatory power of environmental and vegetation factors on GPP magnitude, trend, and interannual variation compared to the model ignoring memory effect;(ii) the memory effect length of GPP response to antecedent environmental and vegetation factors varies across different ecosystems, ranging from 4 to 11 months. Precipitation has a longer cumulative effect on GPP compared to temperature, shortwave radiation and VPD (Vapor Pressure Deficit) in most ecosystems. The impact of NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) on GPP was stronger than environmental variables, emphasizing the significance of vegetation state in GPP simulation;(iii) the global terrestrial ecosystem GPP estimated by the deep learning model considering memory effect showed an increasing trend and significant interannual variation from 1983 to 2015. This study enhanced the understanding on the driving mechanisms of antecedent environmental and vegetation factors on GPP and provided a reference for modeling of carbon cycle process. © 2025

关键词： ecosystems

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Nitrogen additions inhibit nitrification in acidic soils in a subtropical pine plantation: effects of soil pH and compositional shifts in microbial groups

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Journal of Forestry Research 2019年第2期30卷 669-678页

作者： Liang Kou Xinyu Zhang Huimin Wang Hao Yang Wei Zhao Shenggong Li Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Processes and Information

Plantation forests play a pivotal role in carbon sequestration in terrestrial ecosystems, but enhanced nitrogen(N) deposition in these forests may affect plantation productivity by altering soil N cycling. Hence,understanding how simulated N deposition affects the rate and direction of soil N transformation is critically important in predicting responses of plantation productivity in the context of N loading. This study reports the effects of N addition rate(0, 40, and 120 kg N ha^(-1) a^(-1)) and form(NH_4Cl vs. NaNO_3) on net N mineralization and nitrification estimated by in situ soil core incubation and on-soil microbial biomass determined by the phospholipid fatty acid(PLFA) method in a subtropical pine plantation. N additions had no influences on net N mineralization throughout the year. Net nitrification rate was significantly reduced by additions of both NH_4Cl(71.5) and NaNO_3(47.1%) during the active growing season, with the stronger inhibitory effect at high N rates. Soil pH was markedly decreased by 0.16 units by NH_4Cl additions. N inputs significantly decreased the ratio of fungal-to-bacterial PLFAs on average by 0.28(49.1%) in November. Under NH_4Cl additions, nitrification was positively related with fungal biomass and soil pH. Under NaNO_3 additions,nitrification was positively related with all microbial groups except for bacterial biomass. We conclude that simulated N deposition inhibited net nitrification in the acidic soils of a subtropical plantation forest in China,primarily due to accelerated soil acidification and compositional shifts in microbial functional groups. These findings may facilitate a better mechanistic understanding of soil N cycling in the context of N loading.

关键词： Acidification Atmospheric nitrogen deposition Microbial functional group Nitrification Soil nitrogen transformation

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Soil organic carbon contents, aggregate stability,and humic acid composition in different alpine grasslands in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

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Journal of Mountain Science 2016年第11期13卷 2015-2027页

作者： CAO Zhi-yuan WANG Yong LI Jie ZHANG Jin-jing HE Nian-peng Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China

Alpine grassland soils on Qinghai-Tibet Plateau store approximately 33.5 Pg of organic carbon(C) at 0–0.75 m depth and play an important role in the global carbon *** investigated soil organic C(SOC),water-soluble organic C(WSOC),easily oxidizable organic C(EOC),humic C fractions,aggregate-associated C,aggregate stability,and humic acid(HA) composition along an east-west transect across Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,and explored their spatial patterns and controlling *** contents of SOC,WSOC,EOC,humic C fractions and aggregate-associated C,the proportions of macroaggregates(2-0.25) and micro-aggregates(0.25-0.053 mm),and the aggregate stability indices all increased in the order alpine desert < alpine steppe < alpine *** alkyl C,O-alkyl C,and aliphatic C/aromatic C ratio of HA increased as alpine desert < alpine meadow < alpine steppe,and the trends were reverse for the aromatic C and HB/HI *** annual precipitation and aboveground biomass weresignificantly correlated with the contents of SOC and its fractions,the proportions of macro- and microaggregates,and the aggregate stability indices along this *** all these C fractions,SOC content and aggregate stability were more closely associated with humic C and silt and clay sized C in comparison with WSOC,EOC,and macro- and microaggregate *** results suggested that alpine meadow soils containing higher SOC exhibited high soil aggregation and aggregate *** annual precipitation should be the main climate factor controlling the spatial patterns of SOC,soil aggregation,and aggregate stability in this *** resistant and stable C fractions rather than labile C fractions are the major determinant of SOC stocks and aggregate stability.

关键词： Soil organic carbon Aggregate stability Humic acid Carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance Latitudinal transect Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

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Ozone concentrations, flux and potential effect on yield during wheat growth in the NorthwestShandong Plain of China

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2015年第8期27卷 1-9页

作者： Zhilin Zhu Xiaomin Sun Fenghua Zhao Franz X.Meixner Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of Sciences Biogeochemistry Department Max-Planck-Institute for Chemistry

Ozone（O3） concentration and flux（Fo） were measured using the eddy covariance technique over a wheat field in the Northwest-Shandong Plain of China. The O3-induced wheat yield loss was estimated by utilizing O3exposure-response models. The results showed that：（1） During the growing season（7 March to 7 June, 2012）, the minimum（16.1 ppb V） and maximum（53.3 ppb V）mean O3 concentrations occurred at approximately 6：30 and 16：00, respectively. The mean and maximum of all measured O3 concentrations were 31.3 and 128.4 ppb V, respectively. The variation of O3 concentration was mainly affected by solar radiation and temperature.（2） The mean diurnal variation of deposition velocity（V d） can be divided into four phases, and the maximum occurred at noon（12：00）. Averaged V d during daytime（6：00–18：00） and nighttime（18：00–6：00） were 0.42 and 0.14 cm/sec, respectively. The maximum of measured V d was about1.5 cm/sec. The magnitude of V d was influenced by the wheat growing stage, and its variation was significantly correlated with both global radiation and friction velocity.（3） The maximum mean F o appeared at 14：00, and the maximum measured F o was-33.5 nmol/（m^2·sec）. Averaged F o during daytime and nighttime were-6.9 and-1.5 nmol/（m^2·sec）, respectively.（4） Using O3 exposure-response functions obtained from the USA, Europe, and China, the O3-induced wheat yield reduction in the district was estimated as 12.9% on average（5.5%–23.3%）. Large uncertainties were related to the statistical methods and environmental conditions involved in deriving the exposure-response functions.

关键词： Ozone concentration Ozone flux Deposition velocity Eddy covariance Yield loss estimation Cropland ecosystem

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The Limiting Effect of Deep Soil Water on Evapotranspiration of a Subtropical Coniferous Plantation Subjected to Seasonal Drought

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2014年第2期31卷 385-395页

作者： TANG Yakun WEN Xuefa SUN Xiaomin ZHANG Xinyu WANG Huimin Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

Seasonal drought is a common occurrence in humid *** year 2003 was the driest year during the period 1985-2011 in southeastern *** objective of this study was to elucidate the impact of the exceptional drought in 2003,compared with eddy flux measurements during 2004-11,on the dynamics of evapotranspiration （ET） and related factors,as well as their underlying mechanisms,in a subtropical coniferous plantation in southeastern *** was found that daily ET decreased from 5.34 to 1.84 mm during the intensive drought period and recovered to 4.80 mm during the subsquent recovering drought *** analysis indicated that ET was mainly determined by canopy conductance and deep soil water content （50 cm） during the intensive drought and recovering drought periods,*** canopy conductance offset the positive effect of air vapor pressure deficit on ET when suffering drought stress,while the canopy conductance enhanced the positive effect of air temperature on ET during the late growing *** the fine roots of this plantation are mainly distributed in shallow soil,and the soil water in the upper 40 cm did not satisfy the demand for ET,stomatal closure and defoliation were evident as physiological responses to drought stress.

关键词： ChinaFLUX evapotranspiration seasonal drought subtropical coniferous plantation

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