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Global variation in vegetation carbon use efficiency inferred from eddy covariance observations

Nature Ecology & Evolution 2025年 1-12页

作者： Xiangzhong Luo Ruiying Zhao Liyao Yu Housen Chu Trevor F. Keenan Alessio Collalti Simone Fatichi Xinchen Lu Ngoc Nguyen I. Colin Prentice Wu Sun Kailiang Yu Department of Geography National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore Center for Nature-based Climate Solutions National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore Climate and Ecosystem Sciences Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA USA Department of Environment Science Policy and Management University of California Berkeley CA USA National Research Council of Italy Institute for Agriculture and Forestry Systems in the Mediterranean Perugia Italy National Biodiversity Future Centre (NBFC) Palermo Italy Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore Department of Life Sciences Imperial College London Silwood Park Campus Ascot UK Department of Earth System Science Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling Institute for Global Change Studies Tsinghua University Beijing China Department of Global Ecology Carnegie Institution for Science Stanford CA USA Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Science Beijing China High Meadows Environmental Institute Princeton University Princeton NJ USA

Terrestrial ecosystems have been serving as a strong carbon sink that offsets one-quarter of anthropogenic CO2emissions. Carbon use efficiency (CUE), the percentage of photosynthesized carbon that is available for biomass production and other secondary carbon products, is one factor determining the carbon sink size. The global variation in CUE remains unclear, however, as recent reports disagree over the responses of CUE to temperature, dryness, forest types and stand age, and there are limited direct observations to constrain the related uncertainty. Here, we propose to infer CUE from spatially distributed observations of land–atmosphere CO2exchange from global eddy covariance sites based on the degree of ecosystem respiration–photosynthesis coupling. Across 2,737 site-years, CUE derived from eddy covariance observations is 0.43 ± 0.12, consistent with previous inventory-based estimates (0.47 ± 0.12,n= 301) but with a better representation of spatial–temporal variation in CUE. We find that CUE consistently decreases with temperature, precipitation, light availability and stand age, with a substantial difference in the baseline CUE among biomes. Importantly, CUE of deciduous forests is typically 15% higher than that of evergreen forests, suggesting that over the long-term deciduous forests are more efficient in using photosynthate. Our study advances the understanding of the global variation in CUE and provides insights to guide best practices of forest conservation, management and restoration for carbon sequestration.

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Interdependent Dynamics of LAI-ET across Roofing Landscapes:the Mongolian and Tibetan Plateaus

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Journal of Resources and Ecology 2019年第3期10卷 296-306页

作者： TIAN Li Qianyanzhou Ecological Research Station Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China Zhongke-Ji'an Institute of Eco-Environmental Sciences Ji'an Jiangxi 343000 China

The Mongolian and Tibetan Plateaus have experieneed warming higher than the global average in recent decades, resulting in many significant changes to ecosystem structures and functions. Among items that show change are the leaf area in dex (LAI) and evapotranspirati on (ET), both of which play a fun dame ntal role in shapi ng many causes and conseque nces of la nd surface processes and climate. This study examines the spatiotemporal changes of the LAI and ET and their relationships on these two roofing Iandscapes. Based on the MODIS products from 2000 through 2014, we found that there existed a gen era I positive relationship betwee n LAI and ET on the Mongolia Plateau (MP), while synergy did not exist on the Tibetan Plateau (TP). Overall, 49.38%(50.62%) of land areas on the TP experieneed significant increases (decreases) in LAI, while on the MP the percentages of increase and decrease were 94.92%(5.09%). For ET, the increased land area was 21.70%(124100 km^2) on the TP and 88.01%(341600 km^2) on the MP. More importantly, the relationships varied substantially across space and over time, with mismatches found in some parts of the Iandscapes. Additional observational investigations and/or experime ntal research are n eeded to explore the relati on ships, including the in flue nces of vegetation characteristics and disturbances.

关键词： ET LAI alpine Eurasian continent altitude and latitude land surface process

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Seagrass ecosystems in Peril: Climate Change Threatens Blue Carbon Storage and ecosystem Services

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iScience 2025年

作者： Linlin Song Bohao He Shahid Ahmad Qian Li Anping Chen Wei Mao University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China National Key Laboratory of Earth System Numerical Modeling and Application Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China Department of Electronics Information and Bioengineering Polytechnic University of Milan 20133 Milan Italy Hainan Tropical Coastal Ecosystem Observation and Research Station School of Ecology Hainan University Hainan 570228 China Department of Biology Graduate Degree Program in Ecology Colorado State University Fort Collins Colorado USA

Climate change threatens seagrass ecosystems, which are vital for blue carbon sequestration and associated co-benefits. Our study on Hainan Island in the South China Sea assessed climate impacts on seagrass habitats using ensemble modeling under two scenarios (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5) for 2050 and 2100. We found the current seagrass carbon stock is approximately 1.194 Tg, but projections show habitat suitability could decrease by up to 74.78% by 2100 under the severe scenario, potentially causing economic losses of $1.02-1.27 billion. While seagrass restoration requires initial investment, it offers substantial long-term climate benefits. Our analysis indicates seagrasses may migrate toward higher latitudes due to climate change, though new habitats could emerge along Hainan’s southern coast by 2100. These findings emphasize the urgency of conservation and restoration efforts to safeguard seagrass ecosystems and their vital role in climate change mitigation strategies.

关键词： Climate change seagrass habitats blue carbon sustainability species distribution model

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Climate change and threatened species conservation in China: Impacts and adaptation strategies

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Advances in Climate Change Research 2025年

作者： Yu, Shu-Lin Wang, Pan Li, Ren-Qiang Song, Zeng-Ming Liu, Jiang-Chao Xu, Zhen Ning, Le-Hua Duan, Jia-Quan Shi, Pei-Li Gao, Er-Hu Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modelling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China GEF Project Management Office Ecological Rehabilitation Program Management Center National Forestry and Grassland Administration Beijing 100714 China State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 China Academy of Forest Inventory and Planning National Forestry and Grassland Administration Beijing 100714 China

Climate change-induced range shifts in species pose a profound challenge to biodiversity conservation. China has recently updated its list of key protected species, encompassing 980 wildlife species and 455 plant species. However, the potential impacts of climate change on the distribution patterns of these species remain unclear, inevitably hindering the formulation of effective and adaptive conservation strategies. This study combines species distribution models with gap analysis to examine the negative and positive impacts of climate change on 1023 key protected species. We assessed species extinction risks, identified conservation gaps and effectiveness, and proposed adaptive strategies to mitigate the impacts of climate change. Our findings indicate that under the SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, and SSP5-8.5 scenarios, 5, 28, and 83 species, respectively, would face high extinction risks with universal dispersal by the end of the 21st century. Plants generally exhibit higher habitat loss rates and extinction risks than animals. Among animal taxa, amphibians exhibit the highest extinction risks and habitat loss rates, with notably lower habitat gain and habitat remain rates compared to other groups. Geographically, species in Central China and Northeast China are at the highest risk of extinction, whereas the Qinghai‒Xizang Plateau, Northwest China, and South China experience relatively lower risks. Although the current protected area network provides adequate coverage for the majority of target species, a notable conservation gap (>25%) persists for 115 species. Under the SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, and SSP5-8.5 scenarios with universal dispersal, the average species turnover rates within protected areas are 36.29%, 43.29%, and 51.10%, respectively, by the end of the 21st century. This study highlights the need for dynamic conservation and adaptation strategies in the context of climate change, offering essential insights for achieving the 30 × 30 conservation target and developin

关键词： Adaptation strategies Biodiversity conservation Climate change Conservation gaps Extinction risks Species redistribution

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Estimation and analysis of the ratio of transpiration to evapotranspiration in forest ecosystems along the North-South Transect of East China

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2019年第11期29卷 1807-1822页

作者： REN Xiaoli LU Qianqian HE Honglin ZHANG Li NIU Zhongen Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchCASBeijing 100101China Zhongke Tongde (Beijing) Ecology Technology Co. Beijing 100124China College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190China

The ratio of transpiration to evapotranspiration (T/ET) is a key parameter for quantifying water use efficiency of ecosystems and understanding the interaction between ecosystem carbon uptake and water cycling in the context of global *** estimation of T/ET has been paid increasing attention from the scientific community in recent years *** this paper,we used the Priestly-Taylor Jet Propulsion laboratory Model (PT-JPL) driven by regional remote sensing data and gridded meteorological data,to simulate the T/ET in forest ecosystems along the North-South Transect of East China (NSTEC) during 2001-2010,and to analyze the spatial distribution and temporal variation of T/ET,as well as the factors influencing the variation in T/*** results showed that:(1) The PT-JPL model is suitable for the simulation of evapotranspiration and its components of forest ecosystems in Eastern China,and has relatively good stability and reliability.(2) Spatial distribution of T/ET in forest ecosystems along NSTEC was heterogeneous,i.e.,T/ET was higher in the north and lower in the south,with an averaged value of 0.69;and the inter-annual variation of T/ET showed a significantly increasing trend,with an increment of 0.007/yr (p<0.01).(3) Seasonal and inter- annual variations of T/ET had different dominant *** and EVI can explain around 90%(p<0.01) of the seasonal variation in T/ET,while the inter-annual variation in T/ET was mainly controlled by EVI (53%,p<0.05).

关键词： The North-South Transect of East China (NSTEC) forest ecosystems ratio of transpiration to evapotranspiration (T/ET) water use efficiency (WUE)

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Impact of environmental factors on water quality at multiple spatial scales and its spatial variation in Huai River Basin, China

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Science China Earth Sciences 2018年第1期61卷 82-92页

作者： XIA Jun WANG LongFeng YU JingJie ZHAN CheSheng ZHANG YongYong QIAO YunFeng WANG YueLing Key Laboratory of Water Cycle & Related Land Surface Processes Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Belting 100049 China State Key Laboratory of Water Resources & Hydropower Engineering Science Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 China Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China

Quantitative assessment of water quality and its spatial variation identification, as well as the discernment of primary factors affecting water quality are in its urgent in water environment management. In this study, four key water quality indicators,namely, ammonia nitrogen(NH_4^+-N), permanganate index(COD_(Mn)), total phosphorus(TP) and total nitrogen(TN) at 71 sampling sites were selected to evaluate water quality and its spatial variation identification. More concerns were emphasized on the anthropogenic factors(land use pattern) and natural factors(river density, elevation and precipitation) to quantify the overall water quality variations at different spatial scales. Results showed that the Yi-Shu-Si River sub-basin had a better water quality status than the Huai River sub-basin. The moderate polluted area nearly distributed in the upper and middle reaches of the Shaying River and Guo River. The high cluster centers which were surrounded with COD_(Mn), NH_4^+-N, TN and TP mainly also distributed in the upper and middle reaches of the Shaying River and Guo River. Redundancy analysis showed that the 200 m buffer area acted as the most sensitive area, which was easily subjected to pollution. The precipitation was identified as the most important variables among all the studied hydrological units, followed by farmland, urban land or elevation. The point source pollution was still existed although the non-point source pollution was also identified. The urban surface runoff pollution was severer than farmland fertilizer loss at the sub-basin scale in flood season, while the farmland showed "small-scale" effects for explaining overall water quality variations. This research is helpful for identifying the overall water quality variations from the scale-process interactions and providing a scientific basis for pollution control and decision making for the Huai River Basin.

关键词： Fuzzy comprehensive assessment Environmental factors Moran＇s I Redundancy analysis Pearson＇s correlation analysis Huai River Basin

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Driving Mechanism of Gross Primary Production Changes and Implications for Grassland Management on the Tibetan Plateau

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Journal of Resources and Ecology 2019年第5期10卷 472-480页

作者： SUN Wei LI Meng WANG Junhao FU Gang Lhasa Plateau Ecosystem Research Station Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and ModelingInstitute of Geographic Sciences andNatural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049China

The contribution of climatic change and anthropogenic activities to vegetation productivity are not fully *** this study,we determined potential climate-driven gross primary production(GPPp)using a process-based terrestrial ecosystem model,and actual gross primary production(GPPa)using MODIS Approach in alpine grasslands on the Tibetan Plateau from 2000 to *** GPPa was influenced by both climatic change and anthropogenic *** primary production caused by anthropogenic activities(GPPh)was calculated as the difference between GPPp and *** 75.63%and 24.37%of the area percentages of GPPa showed increasing and decreasing trends,*** change and anthropogenic activities were dominant factors responsible for approximately 42.90%and 32.72%of the increasing area percentage of GPPa,*** contrast,climatic change and anthropogenic activities were responsible for approximately 16.88%and 7.49%of the decreasing area percentages of GPPa,*** absolute values of the change trends of GPPp and GPPh of meadows were greater than those of *** GPPp change values were greater than those of GPPh at all elevations,whereas both GPPp and GPPh showed decreasing trends when elevations were greater than or equal to 5000 m,4600 m and 4800 m in meadows,steppes and all grasslands,*** change had stronger effects on the GPPa changes when elevations were lower than 5000 m,4600 m and 4800 m in meadows,steppes and all grasslands,*** contrast,anthropogenic activities had stronger effects on the GPPa changes when elevations were greater than or equal to 5000 m,4600 m and 4800 m in meadows,steppes and all grasslands,***,the causes of actual gross primary production changes varied with elevations,regions and grassland types,and grassland classification management should be considered on the Tibetan Plateau.

关键词： alpine regions elevation grassland classification management grassland types

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Hydrologic implications of the isotopic kinetic fractionation of open-water evaporation

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Science China Earth Sciences 2018年第10期61卷 1523-1532页

作者： Wei XIAO Yufei QIAN Xuhui LEE Wei WANG Mi ZHANG Xuefa WEN Shoudong LIU Yongbo HU Chengyu XIE Zhen ZHANG Xuesong ZHANG Xiaoyan ZHAO Fucun ZHANG Yale-NUIST Center on Atmospheric Environment & Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology(CICAEET) Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology School of Forestry and Environmental Studies Yale University Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Agricultural Meteorology Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of Sciences

The kinetic fractionation of open-water evaporation against the stable water isotope H_2 ^(18)O is an important mechanism underlying many hydrologic studies that use ^(18)O as an isotopic tracer. A recent in-situ measurement of the isotopic water vapor flux over a lake indicates that the kinetic effect is much weaker(kinetic factor 6.2‰) than assumed previously(kinetic factor14.2‰) by lake isotopic budget studies. This study investigates the implications of the weak kinetic effect for studies of deuterium excess-humidity relationships, regional moisture recycling, and global evapotranspiration partitioning. The results indicate that the low kinetic factor is consistent with the deuterium excess-humidity relationships observed over open *** moisture recycling rate in the Great Lakes region derived from the isotopic tracer method with the low kinetic factor is a much better agreement with those from atmospheric modeling studies than if the default kinetic factor of 14.2‰ is used. The ratio of transpiration to evapotranspiration at global scale decreases from 84±9%(with the default kinetic factor) to 76±19%(with the low kinetic factor), the latter of which is in slightly better agreement with other non-isotopic partitioning results.

关键词： Kinetic fractionation factor Craig-Gordon model Moisture recycling Evapotranspiration partitioning Deuteriumexcess

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Effects of Water Vapor Source and Local Evaporation on the Stable Hydrogen and Oxygen Isotopic Compositions of Precipitation

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Huanjing Kexue/Environmental Science 2019年第2期40卷 573-581页

作者： Hu, Yong-Bo Xiao, Wei Qian, Yu-Fei Liu, Qiang Xie, Cheng-Yu Zhang, Xiu-Fang Zhang, Wen-Qing Wen, Xue-Fa Liu, Shou-Dong Lee, Xu-Hui Yale-NUIST Center on Atmospheric Environment Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Nanjing210044 China Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Nanjing210044 China Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100101 China

Stable hydrogen and oxygen isotopic compositions in precipitation are good tracers and can provide unique information about the water cycle. Precipitation samples were collected at the Nanjing, Liyang, Yixing, and Dongshan sites in 2016, and the HDO and H218O compositions of precipitation were measured. The temporal variability of HDO and H218O compositions and deuterium-excess of precipitation were analyzed, and the influence of the water vapor source and local evaporation on stable isotopic composition of precipitation were discussed. The results indicated that: ① Seasonal variations in the HDO composition, H218O composition, and deuterium-excess of precipitation occurred due to different water vapor sources during the summer and winter monsoon seasons. The HDO and H218O compositions were depleted during the summer monsoon season and enriched during the winter monsoon season. The deuterium-excess during the summer monsoon season was lower compared to the winter monsoon season. ② During the summer monsoon, the evaporation of Lake Taihu made the deuterium-excess of downwind precipitation and the downwind intercept of the local meteoric water line higher. During the winter monsoon season, local evaporation had little influence on HDO and H218O components in precipitation. ③ Both of the intercepts and slopes of the local meteoric water line were higher than those of the global meteoric water line, due to moisture recycling during the winter monsoon season and different water vapor sources between the summer and winter monsoon seasons. © 2019, Science Press. All right reserved.

关键词： Oxygen

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Climatic and Biotic Controls of Evapotranspiration Across Grassland ecosystems on the Tibetan Plateau

SSRN

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SSRN 2025年

作者： Peng, Siyuan Yang, Yue Luo, Dengnan Zeng, Xiang Liang, Minqi Tao, Long Zhang, Guangru Li, Pan Liao, Weijie Guo, Qun Cao, Ruochen Li, Yuzhe Zhang, Weirong Hu, Zhongmin Hainan Baoting Tropical Rainforest Ecosystem Observation and Research Station School of Ecology Hainan University Haikou570228 China Department of Geography Faculty of Arts and Sciences Beijing Normal University Zhuhai519087 China Facility of Geographical Science Beijing Normal University Beijing100875 China Zhuhai Branch of State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology Beijing Normal University Zhuhai519087 China School of Geography South China Normal University Shipai Campus Guangzhou510631 China School of Atmospheric Sciences Guangdong Province Data Center of Terrestrial and Marine Ecosystems Carbon Cycle Sun Yat-sen University Guangdong Zhuhai510245 China Key Lab of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100101 China College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing101408 China International Institute for Earth System Sciences Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application Nanjing University Jiangsu210023 China Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science and Technology Key Laboratory for Land Satellite Remote Sensing Applications of Ministry of Natural Resources School of Geography and Ocean Science Nanjing University Jiangsu210023 China Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China

Study region: The Tibetan Plateau in China, the Third Pole of the *** focus: Accurate descriptions of spatial variation in evapotranspiration (ET) and its components on the Tibetan Plateau (TP) are crucial for understanding the dynamics of the regional water cycle and energy balance. However, how various environmental factors affect ET and its components remains unclear. This study addresses this gap using observational data from 14 sites and employing the Shuttleworth-Wallace-Hu (SWH) model to examine the spatial relationships between ET, its components, and underlying *** hydrological insights for the region: The SWH model parameters were optimized using the Monte Carlo method, achieving a satisfactory model performance with an average R² of 0.75. The ratio of transpiration to ET was generally higher in alpine meadows (0.55) than alpine steppes (0.39). Across the TP, precipitation and the leaf area index together shaped spatial variation in ET and transpiration. Precipitation emerged as the primary driver of interannual variation in ET, while the leaf area index strongly regulated the proportion of ET accounted for by transpiration. Furthermore, above aridity index values of 0.73, grassland ecosystems transitioned from water to energy. This finding is significant as it challenges the common application of an aridity index value of 0.65 to distinguish arid from humid regions. It suggests that TP grasslands, with an AI of 0.65-0.73, remain primarily water-limited. © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Monte Carlo methods

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