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Spatial and Temporal Variations in Available Soil Nitrogen—A Case Study in Kobresia Alpine Meadow in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, China

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2019年第3期7卷 177-189页

作者： Li Lin Guangmin Cao Fawei Zhang Xun Ke Yikang Li Xingliang Xu Qian Li Xiaowei Guo Bo Fan Yangong Du Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology Chinese Academy of Science Xining China College of Life Science Luoyang Normal University Luoyang China Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China

Elucidating the factors that determine the effects of temporal and spatial variation of nutrients is important for analyzing the characteristics of an ecosystem. The goal of this paper was to estimate how values obtained using a particular sampling approach correlated with the actual data for an entire plot. The mesh partition method was employed to divide an integrated observing field (IOF) located at the Haibei National Field Research Station of an alpine grassland ecosystem, China, into 25 subplots. Five of the 25 subplots were randomly selected for soil sampling and to determine the source of variations in soil nutrient content from 2001 to 2012. The results showed that, contributions of temporal and spatial variation in available nitrogen in the 0 - 10 cm soil layer accounted for 47.3% and 52.7%, respectively. The contribution of spatial variance was higher than that of temporal variance especially in the surface soil layers. The available soil nitrogen content in the alpine meadow was not obviously affected by fluctuations in rainfall and temperature. Increasing the number of samples could reduce calculation errors in measuring available soil nitrogen content, while collecting a reasonable number of samples can save time and labor.

关键词： Available Soil Nitrogen Source of Nutrient Variation Temporal Variation Spatial Variation Alpine Meadow

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A Functional Land Use Classification for Ecological, Production and Living Spaces in the Taihang Mountains

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Journal of Resources and Ecology 2019年第3期10卷 246-255页

作者： GENG Shoubao ZHU Wanrui SHI Peili Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy Sciences Beijing 100101 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China

A combination of rapid industrialization, economic development and urbanization has caused a series of issues such as resource shortages, ecosystem destruction, environmental pollution and tension between human needs and land conservation. In order to promote balanced development of human, resources, ecosystems, the environment, and the economy and society, it is vital to conceptualize ecological spaces, production spaces and living spaces. Previous studies of ecological-production-living spaces focused mainly on urban and rural areas; few studies have examined mountainous areas. The Taihang Mountains, a key area between the North China Plain and Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei area providing ecological shelter and the safeguarding of crucial water sources, suffer from increasing problems of fragile environment, inappropriate land use and tensions in the human-land relationship. However, studies of the ecological, production, and living spaces in the Taihang Mountains are still lacking. Therefore, this study, based on the concept of ecological-production-living spaces and using data from multiple sources, took the Taihang Mountains as the study area to build a functional land classification system for ecological-production-living spaces. After the classification system was in place, spatial distribution maps for ecological, production and living spaces were delineated. This space mapping not only characterized the present land use situation, but also established a foundation for future land use optimization. Results showed that the area of ecological space was 78,440 km^2, production space 51,861 km^2 and living space 6,646 km^2, accounting for 57.28%, 37.87% and 4.85% of the total area, respectively. Ecological space takes up the most area and is composed mainly of forests and grasslands. Additionally, most of the ecological space is located in higher elevation mountainous areas, and plays an important role in regulating and maintaining ecological security. Production space,

关键词： ecological-production-living space la nd classificati on system la nd function spatial pattern the Taihang Mountains

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Review on global change status and its impacts on the Tibetan Plateau environment

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2019年第6期12卷 917-930页

作者： Aamir Latif Sana Ilyas Yangjian Zhang Yuqin Xin Lin Zhou Quan Zhou Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modelling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Key Laboratory of Regional Climate-Environment for Temperate East Asia Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsBeijing 100029China Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Sanmenxia Academy of Environmental Sciences Sanmenxia 472000China Southwest Branch of State Grid Corporation of China Chengdu 610094China

The Tibetan Plateau(TP)holds fundamental ecological and environmental significances to China and *** TP also lies in the core zone of the belt and road *** protect the TP environment,a comprehensive screening on current ecological research status is *** teased out research gap can also be utilized as guidelines for the recently launched major research programs,*** second TP scientific expedition and silk and belt road research *** findings showed that the TP has experienced significant temperature increase at a rate of 0.2℃ per decade since *** most robust warming trend was found in the northern *** also exhibited an increasing trend but with high spatial *** climates have caused a series of environmental consequences,including lake area changes,glacier shrinkage,permafrost degradation and exacerbated *** rising temperature is the main reason behind the glaciers shrinkage,snow melting,permafrost degradation and lake area changes on the TP and neighboring *** projected loss of glacial area on the plateau is estimated to be around 43%by 2070 and 75%by the end of the *** was responsive to the changed environments,varied climates and intensified human activities by changing phenology and *** global change study should be more oriented toward integrating various research methods and tools,and synthesizing diverse subjects of water,vegetation,atmosphere and soil.

关键词： Tibetan Plateau silk and belt road climate change human activities environmental consequences

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Accumulation of residual soil microbial carbon in Chinese fir plantation soils after nitrogen and phosphorus additions

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Journal of Forestry Research 2018年第4期29卷 948-957页

作者： Zhiqiang Ma Xinyu Zhang Chuang Zhang Huimin Wang Fusheng Chen Xiaoli Fu Xiangmin Fang Xiaomin Sun Qiuliang Lei Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research(CAS) College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of Sciences College of Land and Environment Shenyang Agricultural University College of Forestry Jiangxi Agricultural University Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences

Nitrogen （N） and phosphorus （P） additions can affect soil microbial carbon （C） accumulation. However, the mechanisms that drive the changes in residual microbial C that occur after N and P additions have not been well-defined for Chinese fir plantations in subtropical China. We set up six different treatments, viz. a control （CK）, two N treatments （NI： 50kgha-1 a-1; N2： 100 kg ha-1 a-1）, one P treatment （P： 50 kg ha-1 a-1）, and two combined N and P treatments （NIP： 50kgha-1a-1 of N ＋50kgha-1a-1 of P; N2P：100 kg ha-1 a-1 of N ＋ 50 kg ha-1 a-1 of P）. We then investigated the influences of N and P additions on residual microbial C. The results showed that soil pH and microbial biomass decreased after N additions, while microbial biomass increased after P additions. Soil organic carbon （SOC） and residual microbial C contents increased in the N and P treatments but not in the control. Residual microbial C accumulation varied according to treatment and declined in the order： N2P 〉 N1P 〉 N2 〉 N1 〉 P 〉 CK. Residual microbial C contents were positively correlated with available N, P, and SOC contents, but were negatively correlated with soil pH. The ratio of residual fungal C to residual bacterial C increased under P additions, but declined under combined N1P additions. The ratio of residual microbial C to SOC increased from 11 to 14% under the N1P and N2P treatments, respectively. Our results suggest that the concentrations of residual microbial C and the stability of SOC would increase under combined applications of N and P fertilizers in subtropical Chinese fir plantation soils.

关键词： Amino sugar Chinese fir plantation N and Padditions Residual microbial carbon Soil environmentvariable

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Specific Responses of Soil Microbial Residue Carbon to Long-Term Mineral Fertilizer Applications to Reddish Paddy Soils

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Pedosphere 2018年第3期28卷 488-496页

作者： ZHANG Xinyu XIE Juan YANG Fengting DONG Wenyi DAI Xiaoqin YANG Yang SUN Xiaomin Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101( China) College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190( China) Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing 100081(China)

Mineral nutrient inputs to soil may alter microbial activity and consequently influence the accumulation of microbial residues. In this study, we investigated the effects of application rates and ratios of mineral fertilizers on the microbial residue carbon(MRC) of reddish paddy soils after long-term(15-year) fertilizer applications in southern China. Contents of three soil amino sugars as microbial residue contents were determined and MRC were calculated based on amino sugars. Results showed that three individual amino sugar contents increased as fertilizer application rates increased until maximum values were reached at a rate of 450-59-187 kg ha^(-1) year^(-1)(N-P-K). The three amino sugar contents then declined significantly under the highest mineral fertilizer application rate of 675-88-280 kg ha^(-1) year^(-1)(N-P-K). In addition, to enhance the microbial residue contents, it was more beneficial to double P(N:P:K= 1:0.26:0.41) in fertilizers applied to the P-deficient reddish paddy soils than to double either N(N:P:K = 2:0.13:0.41) or K(N:P:K= 1:0.13:0.82). The contents of the three individual amino sugars and microbial residues under different fertilizer application rates and ratios were significantly and positively correlated with soil organic carbon(SOC), total N, total P, and p H. Increases in values of the fungal C to bacterial C ratios showed that soil organic matter(SOM) stability increased because of the fertilizer applications over the past 15 years. The contents and ratios of amino sugars can be used as indicators to evaluate the impact of mineral fertilizer applications on SOM dynamics in subtropical paddy soils. The results indicated that fertilizer applications at a rate of 450-59-187 kg ha^(-1) year^(-1)(N-P-K) may improve crop yields, SOC contents, and SOC stability in subtropical paddy soils.

关键词： amino sugar application rate application ratio bacterial C fungal C soil nutrient soil organic C

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Spatial Analysis and Biogeochemical Cycles: A Comparative Study of Kashin-Beck Disease Villages and Non-disease Villages in Linzhou County, Tibet

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Journal of Resources and Ecology 2020年第2期11卷 232-246页

作者： TIAN Yuan ZHAXinjie GAO Xing DAI Erfu YU Chengqun Lhasa National Ecological Research Station Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and ModellingInstitute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China

This study investigated Linzhou County in Tibet, which currently hosts the most serious outbreak of Kashin-Beck disease(KBD) in China. This study uses the geographical detector(GeoDetector) algorithm to measure the influences that several risk factors have on KBD prevalence and validates the spatial analysis results with environmental chemistry. Based on a comprehensive examination of 10 potentially related spatial factors and an environmental chemistry analysis of the soil-water-grain-human biogeochemical cycle in the local KBD and non-KBD villages, four main conclusions are drawn.(1) KBD in Linzhou County is a consequence of multiple interrelated environmental factors, of which the most important controlling factor is the stratum factor.(2) The concentrations of selenium(Se) in all environmental media(soil, water, and food) and human tissue in the KBD villages in Linzhou County are lower than those of the non-KBD villages.(3) The intake of Se and chromium(Cr) by local residents is seriously insufficient, especially the average daily dose by ingestion(ADD) for Se in the KBD village, which is only about 4% of the World Health Organization(WHO) recommended lower limit for adult elemental intake.(4) We speculate that the main cause for the local KBD outbreak is a lack of Se in the stratum. This absence leads to a serious Se deficiency in the local population through ecosystem migration and transformation, which will eventually lead to an endemic biogeochemical Se deficiency.

关键词： Kashin-Beck disease Tibet spatial analysis biogeochemical cycle selenium

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Drought Impacts on Vegetation Indices and Productivity of Terrestrial ecosystems in Southwestern China During 2001–2012

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Chinese Geographical Science 2018年第5期28卷 784-796页

作者： ZHOU Lei WANG Shaoqiang CHI Yonggang WANG Junbang College of Geography and Environmental Sciences Zhejiang Normal University Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modelling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of Sciences School of Earth & Atmospheric Sciences Georgia Institute of Technology

Drought, as a recurring extreme climate event, affects the structure, function, and process of terrestrial ecosystems. Despite the increasing occurrence and intensity of the drought in the past decade in Southwestern China, the impacts of continuous drought events on vegetation in this region remain unclear. During 2001–2012, Southwestern China experienced the severe drought events from 2009 to 2011. Our aim is to characterize drought conditions in the Southwestern China and explore the impacts on the vegetation condition and terrestrial ecosystem productivity. The Standardized Precipitation Index(SPI) was used to characterize drought area and intensity and a light-use efficiency model was used to explore the effect of drought on the terrestrial ecosystem productivity with Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer(MODIS) data. The SPI captured the major drought events in Southwestern China during the study period, indicated that the 12-year period of this study included both ‘normal' precipitation years and two severe drought events in 2009–2010 and 2011. Results showed that vegetation greenness(Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, NDVI and Enhanced Vegetation Index, EVI) both declined in 2009/2010 drought, but the 2011 drought resulted in less declines of vegetation greenness and productivity due to shorten drought duration and rising temperature. Meanwhile, it was about 5 months lapse between drought events and maximum declines in vegetation greenness for 2009/2010 drought events. In addition, forest, grassland and cropland revealed significant different ecosystem responses to drought. It indicated that grassland showed an early sensitivity to drought, while cropland was the most sensitive to water deficit and forest was more resilient to drought. This study suggests that it is necessary to detect the difference responses of ecosystem to drought in a regional area with satellite data and ecosystem model.

关键词： drought Standardized Precipitation Index（SPI） vegetation indices Net Primary Productivity（NPP） Southwestern China

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Modelling Soil Greenhouse Gas Fluxes from a Broad-leaved Korean Pine Forest in Changbai Mountain: Forest-DNDC Model Validation

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Journal of Resources and Ecology 2019年第2期10卷 127-136页

作者： YE Shu GUO Chuying HAN Jiayin ZHANG Leiming DAI Guanhua WEN Xuefa YU Guirui Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academyof Sciences Beijing 100101 China College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China Institute of Applied Ecology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenyang 110016 China

Fluctuations in soil greenhouse gas(GHG)are an important part of the terrestrial ecosystem carbon-nitrogen cycle,but uncertainties remain about the dynamic change and budget assessment of soil GHG *** high frequency and consecutive soil GHG fluxes measured with an automatic dynamic chamber system,we tested the applicability of the current Forest-DNDC model in simulating soil CH4,CO2 and N2O fluxes in a temperate broad-leaved Korean pine forest at Changbai *** results showed that the Forest-DNDC model reproduced general patterns of environmental variables,however,simulated seasonal variation in soil temperature,snow melt processes and soil moisture partly deviated from measured variables,especially during the non-growing *** modeled CH4 flux was close to the field measurement and co-varied mainly with soil temperature and *** modeled soil CO2 flux had the same seasonal trend to that of the observation along with variation in temperature,however,simulated CO2 flux in the growing season was *** modeled N2O flux attained a peak in summer due to the influence of temperature,which was apparently different from the observed peak of N2O flux in the freeze-thaw ***,both modeled CO2 flux and N2O flux were dampened by rainfall *** from consistent estimation of annual soil CH4 flux,the annual accumulation of CO2 and N2O was *** is still necessary to further optimize model parameters and processes using long-term high-frequency observation data,especially transference of heat and water in soil and GHG producing *** work will improve modeling,ecosystem carbon-nitrogen budget assessment and estimation of soil GHGs flux from the site to the region.

关键词： soil GHGs flux dynamic chamber method forest-DNDC temperate forest

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Hydrochemical characteristics and controlling factors of natural water in the border areas of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2019年第11期29卷 1876-1894页

作者： TIAN Yuan YU Chengqun ZHA Xinjie GAO Xing DAI Erfu Lhasa National Ecological Research Station Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and ModellingInstitute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchCASBeijing 100101China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchCASBeijing 100101China

The special geography and human environment of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau has created the unique hydrochemical characteristics of the region’s natural water,which has been preserved in a largely natural ***,as the intensity of anthropogenic activities in the region has continued to increase,the water environment and hydrochemical characteristics of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau have *** this study,water samples from the western,southern,and northeastern border areas of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,where human activities are ongoing,were collected,analyzed,and *** regional differences and factors controlling them were also *** key results were obtained as follows.(1) Differences in the physical properties and hydrochemical characteristics,and their controlling factors,occurred in the different boundary areas of the Qinghai-Tibet *** differences were mainly the consequence of the geographical environment and geological conditions.(2) The water quality was good and suitable for drinking,with most samples meeting GB (Chinese national) and WHO (World Health Organization) drinking water standards.(3) The chemical properties of water were mainly controlled by the weathering of carbonates and the dissolution of evaporative rocks,with the former the most influential.(4) The biological quality indicators of natural water in the border areas were far superior to GB and WHO drinking water standards.

关键词： border area of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau natural water hydrochemical characteristics controlling factors

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Addressing Ethiopia's grand challenge of achieving food security while ensuring land-use sustainability

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Land Use Policy 2025年 157卷

作者： Mingzhao Yu Huafu Li Shuai Song Xinyue Shan Guizhen He Fadong Li Yajuan Shi Hubert Hirwa Gang Chen State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology Research Centre for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 China College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China College of Urban and Environmental Sciences Central China Normal University Wuhan 430079 China Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Center for Systems Integration and Sustainability Department of Fisheries andWildlife Michigan State University East Lansing MI 48823 USA Department of Environmental Economics and Natural Resources Management Faculty of Environmental Studies University of Lay Adventists of Kigali (UNILAK) Kigali P.O Box 6392 Rwanda Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering College of Engineering Florida A&M University-Florida State University Tallahassee USA

As one of the most food-insecure countries of the Global South, Ethiopia has experienced significant land-use changes driven by economic development and population growth. To alleviate food insecurity, it is essential to analyze the sustainability of land use from a national perspective. This study examined the dynamic land use transitions in Ethiopia during the period 2000–2020. The socio-economic factors driving land-use transitions and grain demand were identified using Spearman correlation analysis and income-dependent grain demand methods, respectively. Spatio-temporal data fusion analysis methods were used to assess food security status in relation to spatial and temporal shifts in per capita farmland area (PCFA) and per capita farmland production (PCFP). The results showed that the area under cultivation in Ethiopia increased by about 3700 km 2 , mainly due to the conversion of forestland and shrubland. Population growth is the main driver of land use change, and PCFA has continued to decline since 2010, while PCFP showed a declining trend after peaking in 2017. Although the sustained growth in international trade coupled with increased productivity has benefited the country's food supply, the food security situation in low-income countries, including Ethiopia, will remain critical in the context of population growth.

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