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SSRN 2023年

作者： Wang, Yanbing You, Cuihai Gao, Yanhong Li, Yuqiang Niu, Yayi Shao, Changliang Wang, Xu Xin, Xiaoping Yu, Guirui Han, Xingguo Chen, Shiping State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100093 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China Shapotou Desert Research and Experiment Station Northwest Institute of Eco-environment and Resource Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou730000 China Naiman Desertification Research Station Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou China National Hulunber Grassland Ecosystem Observation and Research Station Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing100081 China Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research CAS Beijing100101 China

Surface energy exchange is vital because it affects microclimate, water cycle and biogeochemical processes in the canopy-atmosphere interface. In this study, seasonal variations and regulators of energy fluxes and partitioning were investigated based on a long-term eddy flux observation dataset (12 towers, 77 site-years in total) along an aridity gradient in temperate grasslands of Northern China. Our results showed that the net radiation (Rn) and all energy components, including latent heat (LE), sensible heat (H) and ground heat (G0) fluxes, presented unimodal seasonal patterns across different grassland types, with Rn and LE peaked in the middle growing season but H and G0 at the beginning of the growing season. The energy partitioning shifted from the H-dominated to the LE-dominated period accompanied vegetation phenological development, thus a U-shaped seasonal pattern of Bowen ratio (β, H/LE) was observed. Longer LE-dominated period and higher peak of LE flux enhanced LE/Rn proportion and decreased β from desert steppe to typical steppe and meadow steppe. Climate and vegetation factors co-regulated the seasonal patterns of energy fluxes and partitioning, with enhanced effects of LAI and canopy surface conductance (gc) from desert steppe to typical and meadow steppe. Meanwhile, enhanced sensitivity of β in response to variations of climate and vegetation factors was also observed with increasing aridity. Our founding highlighted the role of vegetation especially physiological regulation in determining the seasonal patterns of energy fluxes and partitioning in less water-limited grassland. Whereas, the great sensitivity of energy partitioning to vegetation changing with increasing aridity also emphasized that it is vital to pay attention to the response of energy exchange in desert steppe to the greening trend in Northern China under future climate scenarios. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Vegetation

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Responses of leaf stomatal traits and gas exchange process of cherry tomato to NaCl salinity stress

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Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering 2018年第5期34卷 107-113页

作者： Zhang, Hao Guo, Lili Ye, Jia Zhang, Lei Wang, Qingtao Li, Fei Zhang, Xixi Cao, Xu Xu, Ming Hao, Lihua Zheng, Yunpu College of Life Science and Engineering Handan College Handan056005 China School of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Hebei University of Engineering Handan056038 China School of Landscape and Ecological Engineering Hebei University of Engineering Handan056038 China Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100101 China Wild Plant Resources Research Centre in Universities in Taihang Mountain of Southern Hebei Province Handan056005 China School of Environment and Resources University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100039 China

Salinity stress due to the increased use of non-potable water resources for irrigation imposes major limitations on plant growth in salt-affected soils, and meanwhile excessive salinity in the soil may cause osmotic and ionic stresses leading to various physiological and morphological damages to plants. In order to examine the responses of stomatal traits and gas exchange of cherry tomato to salinity stress, we grew cherry tomato seedlings in growth chambers for 21 days with different NaCl concentrations of nutrition medium including 0 (CK), 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, 0.20, and 0.25 mol/L. The parameters related to stomata of leaf were measured. The photosynthesis characteristics were analyzed. The results showed that NaCl stress significantly increased the stomatal density of cherry tomato leaves (Pn) of cherry tomato seedling was gradually decreased with the increase of NaCl concentrations, and the Pn under severe NaCl stress (0.25 mol/L) was significantly different with that of the other NaCl concentrations (Pn of cherry tomato seedling were marginally decreased by 47%, 71%, 77%, 78% and 89% (Pr), stomatal conductance (Gs), and intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) were also substantially decreased with the increase of NaCl concentrations, and significantly lower than the CK (P © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

关键词： Efficiency

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Effects of Contour Hedgerows on Water Erosion on Sloping Farmland

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Zheng, Jiangkun Yan, Junxia Hu, Wangyang Usama, Mazhar Li, Ruixin Qiu, Lingjun Lan, Zhenzhao Jia, Lizhi Jiang, Xiangang Li, Hao Wang, Yong Hou, Guirong National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River Sichuan Province Key Laboratory of Ecological Forestry Engineering on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River College of Forestry Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu611130 China Department of Geography Handan College Handan056005 China Lhasa Plateau Ecosystem Research Station Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100101 China School of Civil Engineering Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu611830 China College of Resource Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu611130 China

Contour hedgerows are effective in controlling water erosion on sloping farmland. Although their beneficial effects have been generally recognized, further research is still needed to quantify the extent to which hedgerows reduce water erosion. This research conducted a quantitative review based on 102 global papers, including 1647 runoff and 1438 sediment paired datasets, to evaluate the effectiveness of contour hedgerows on RR and sediment reduction. The results showed that contour hedgerows were more effective in sediment reduction (61.0%) than RR (40.3%). RR in the conditions of temperate zone and simulated rainfall, were significantly higher than those in the conditions of tropical zone and natural rainfall, respectively. And sediment reduction in the conditions of herbaceous hedgerows and temperate zone were significantly higher than those in the conditions of woody hedgerows and Tropical zone, respectively. With increasement of slope gradient, hedgerow height, and hedgerow spacing, runoff reduction showed a significant decreasing trend. Whereas a significant increasing for runoff reduction occurred with increasement of hedgerow area proportion and hedgerow relative position. Meanwhile, sediment reduction decreased significantly with increasing hedgerow longitudinal section and hedgerow area proportion. Among all indices, hedgerow relative position and hedgerow spacing were the key factors controlling water erosion which account for 70% contribution. Hedgerow spatial configurations should be heavily considered when controlling water erosion by the method of hedgerows. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Runoff

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Spatial-Temporal Variations and Driving Factors of Soil Organic Carbon Stocks in Topsoils of Forest ecosystems of Northeast China

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Wang, Shuai Zhuang, Qianlai Jin, Xinxin Bian, Zhenxing Wang, Zicheng Zhang, Xingyu Han, Chunlan College of Land and Environment Shenyang Agricultural University Liaoning Province Shenyang110866 China Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research CAS Beijing100101 China Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße Jülich 52428 Germany Department of Earth Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences Purdue University West LafayetteIN47907 United States

Soil carbon accounts for an important fraction of carbon pool of terrestrial ecosystems. Accurate quantification of soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks is an challenge in carbon cycle research. This study compared the spatial prediction of SOC stocks within forest topsoils using methods of regression kriging (RK), multiple stepwise regression (MSR), and boosted regression trees (BRT) in Northeast China for 1990 and 2015. Furthermore, the spatial variation of SOC stocks and the main controlling environmental factors were investigated during the past 25 years. A total of 82 (in 1990) and 157 (in 2015) topsoil (0-20 cm) samples with 12 environmental factors (soil property, climate, topography and biology) were selected for model construction. Randomly selected 80% of the soil sample data as the training set, and the rest were used for model verification. Mean absolute error (MAE), root mean of square error (RMSE), coefficient of determination (R 2 ) and Lin's consistency correlation coefficient (LCCC) were selected to evaluate the model performance. We find that the BRT model has the best predictive performance and could explain 67% (1990) and 60% (2015) spatial variation of SOC stocks, respectively. In both periods, the spatial prediction map of SOC stocks showed similar spatial distribution characteristics, with the lower in northeast and higher in southwest. MAT and ELE were the key environmental factors influencing the spatial variation of SOC stock in both periods. SOC stocks were mainly stored under Cambosols, Gleyosols and Isohumosols, accounting for 95.62% (1990) and 95.87% (2015). Overall, SOC stocks increased by 471.04 Tg C during the past 25 years. This study provides robust methods to inventory forest topsoil SOC stocks considering various factors for studying global forest topsoil carbon studies. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Topography

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Impacts of Salinity on Evaporation and Corresponding Water Balance and Inflow of the Aral Sea

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Ma, Xiaoting Huang, Shuangyan Huang, Yue Wang, Xiaolei Luo, Yi State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography Chinese Academy of Sciences Urumqi830011 China Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100101 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China Research Center for Ecology and Environment of Central Asia Chinese Academy of Sciences Urumqi830011 China Department of Geography Ghent University Ghent9000 Belgium

As the fourth largest lake in the world, the Aral Sea has shrunk by almost 90% area and 95% water volume, along with the increase of salinity. This study aimed to investigate a suitable evaporation model for both fresh water and salt water conditions for the Aral Sea, and combining with water storage changes to obtained the actual inflow of the Aral. Our results showed that the Penman equation was effective in estimating evaporation for fresh and salt water. The salinity effect led to a decrease in evaporation of 0-300 mm/a as salinity increases from about 10 to 300 g/kg. From 2002 to 2020, the Aral Sea experienced a reduction in evaporation of 15 km3, with an average reduction rate of 1km3/a between 2008 and 2020. The area shrank by 91%, and volume decreased by 950 km3 from 1960 to 2020 of the Aral Sea. The loss of water due to evaporation was offset by water storage change (31%), river inflow (44%) and precipitation (15%). The water deficit of the Aral Sea is positively correlated (r > 0.68) with the Syr Darya inflow, weakly correlated (r 0.57) with the evaporation. As the estimated inflow represents the actual inflow into the Aral, which was always lower than the station runoff, implied that there was large amount of water lost between the station and the SAS inlet. We emphasize that the station runoff cannot be directly used in the Aral Sea water balance. Our method can predict the long-term evolution of water salinity in the Aral Sea, estimate corresponding evaporation rates and runoff into the Aral. This study provides new insights for the salt water volume balance, and provide suggestions for the recovery and management of the Aral Sea. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Evaporation

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Long-Term Nitrogen and Phosphorus Supply Levels and Ratios Drive a Shift in Wetland Soil Bacterial Diversity and ecosystem Multifunctionality Relationships

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Sun, Kai Cai, Jingfang Liu, Xiaoling Yang, Lijuan Li, Hongli Wang, Guangmei Xu, Xingliang Yu, Feihai Key Laboratory of Ecological Protection in the Yellow River Basin of National Forestry and Grassland Administration School of Ecology and Nature Conservation Beijing Forestry University Beijing100083 China Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Yantai264003 China Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100101 China Institute of Wetland Ecology & Clone Ecology Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation Taizhou University Zhejiang Taizhou318000 China

Human activities have changed the levels and ratios of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in ecosystems. However, the effects of N and P levels and ratios on soil microbial community and ecosystem functions, especially the relationship between soil microbial diversity and ecosystem multifunctionality, remain unclear. Here, the effects of 7-year experimental nutrient addition on soil bacterial and fungal communities and ecosystem multifunctionality were assessed by combining three N and P supply levels with three N:P supply ratios in a typical coastal nontidal wetland ecosystem. We found significant effects of the N and P supply levels on soil bacterial, fungal composition, and ecosystem multifunctionality, while no significant effect of N:P supply ratios was observed. Neither N and P supply levels nor their ratios significantly affected the diversity of bacteria and fungi, but they both affected the network complexity of bacteria and fungi. Soil ecosystem multifunctionality was significantly positively correlated with bacterial diversity rather than fungal diversity. Moreover, the correlation coefficient between bacterial diversity and ecosystem multifunctionality first increased and then decreased with increasing N and P supply levels, and increased with increasing N:P supply ratios. However, the correlation coefficient between bacterial diversity and ecosystem multifunctionality was not significantly correlated with bacterial network complexity. This study provides new insights into the impacts of N and P levels and ratios on soil microbial community and ecosystem multifunctionality in wetland ecosystem. Particularly, we highlighted the alteration in the relationship between soil bacterial diversity and ecosystem multifunctionality as a result of changing N and P supply levels and ratios, which should be taken into account in accurately predicting the response of ecosystem multifunctionality to N and P inputs. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： ecosystems

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Spatial Analysis and Biogeochemical Cycles: A Comparative Study of Kashin-Beck Disease Villages and Non-disease Villages in Linzhou County, Tibet

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Journal of Resources and Ecology 2020年第2期11卷 232-246页

作者： TIAN Yuan ZHAXinjie GAO Xing DAI Erfu YU Chengqun Lhasa National Ecological Research Station Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and ModellingInstitute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China

This study investigated Linzhou County in Tibet, which currently hosts the most serious outbreak of Kashin-Beck disease(KBD) in China. This study uses the geographical detector(GeoDetector) algorithm to measure the influences that several risk factors have on KBD prevalence and validates the spatial analysis results with environmental chemistry. Based on a comprehensive examination of 10 potentially related spatial factors and an environmental chemistry analysis of the soil-water-grain-human biogeochemical cycle in the local KBD and non-KBD villages, four main conclusions are drawn.(1) KBD in Linzhou County is a consequence of multiple interrelated environmental factors, of which the most important controlling factor is the stratum factor.(2) The concentrations of selenium(Se) in all environmental media(soil, water, and food) and human tissue in the KBD villages in Linzhou County are lower than those of the non-KBD villages.(3) The intake of Se and chromium(Cr) by local residents is seriously insufficient, especially the average daily dose by ingestion(ADD) for Se in the KBD village, which is only about 4% of the World Health Organization(WHO) recommended lower limit for adult elemental intake.(4) We speculate that the main cause for the local KBD outbreak is a lack of Se in the stratum. This absence leads to a serious Se deficiency in the local population through ecosystem migration and transformation, which will eventually lead to an endemic biogeochemical Se deficiency.

关键词： Kashin-Beck disease Tibet spatial analysis biogeochemical cycle selenium

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Coupling Conservation and Livelihoods for Sustainable Management of Protected Areas in East Africa

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Journal of Resources and Ecology 2018年第3期9卷 266-272页

作者： FU Chao BAI Yunli ZHANG Linxiu WANG Shuai YAN Xue International Ecosystem Management Partnership United Nations Environment Programme Beijing 100101 China Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China Center for Chinese Agricultural Policy Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 China Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology Wuhan Botanical Garden Chinese Academy of Sciences Wuhan 430074 China

Strengthening research efforts to understand the combined impacts of conservation and livelihoods in protected areas（PAs） will increase the collective contribution that PAs can make towards meeting global goals for sustainable development in the next decade. As an example of such efforts, in 2014 the Chinese Academy of Sciences（CAS）, the Kenya Wildlife Service（KWS） and the United Nations Environment Programme（UN Environment） jointly initiated the ＂Sustainable Management of Protected Areas in East Africa＂ project. This paper provides a brief overview of the project＇s research background, goals and research tasks. The study is based on a look at the PA management system in East Africa and a review of the literature on the impact of PAs in the region. Results show that East African nations have expanded the coverage of PAs and established a complex set of PA management systems over the past century. The mandate for PAs in East African nations has changed recently from protecting biodiversity to alleviating poverty and supporting livelihoods. However, a combination of human activities and ecological processes inside and outside of PAs may not only impact biodiversity and ecosystem function over the long term, but also pose a threat to the capacity of PAs to maintain livelihoods and alleviate poverty in the local communities around them. The state of existing research in the field suggests there is an enormous need for additional research, the purpose of which is to help PA managers and policy-makers in East Africa understand how to achieve win-win outcomes for both ecosystems and human well-being. Against this background, the CAS-KWS-UN Environment joint research project aims to understand the dynamic interactions between ecosystems and human well-being around PAs in East Africa and identify good practices for PA management to reconcile conservation targets with the livelihood demands of local communities. It is intended that this research be shared with interested part

关键词： protected areas conservation livelihoods coupling East Africa

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Forest carbon research in Inner Mongolia: current knowledge, opportunity and challenge

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IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 2014年第1期17卷

作者： Li Shuyong Huang Mei Li Shenggong Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of sciences Beijing China Puyang Meteorological Administration Puyang China

Carbon storage in forests in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region plays a significant role in the terrestrial carbon budget due to its largest forest coverage and forest growing stock among all the provinces in China. Nevertheless, scientific research on forest carbon is comparatively less as compared with the research on the main ecosystem, steppe in this area. We are still short of knowledge of forest carbon sequestration's rate, mechanism and potential in the area. Now we are conducting a research program aiming at making clear the above scientific issues. So knowing well previous research work and key findings is essential and helpful for our underway study. In this paper we reviewed the current knowledge, opportunity and challenges of forest carbon research in Inner Mongolia. The total carbon storage in forest of this region increased significantly from 0.417Pg carbon in 1949 to 0.719Pg carbon in 2008 with an annual increase of 2.842Tg~5.226Tg carbon and a dramatically increment of carbon storage in shrub. Carbon storage varied with dominant tree species, forest age and forest growth situation with an average forest carbon density of 42.68 t-Chm−2, displaying a downtrend before 1980 and later a slow smooth uptrend. It is suggested that increase in vegetation carbon sequestration potential be achieved through selection of plant species and forest management.

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Labile Carbon Retention Compensates for CO2 Released by Priming in Forest Soils

Labile Carbon Retention Compensates for CO2 Released by Prim...

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第三届西双版纳植物园和气候变化国际研讨会(The Third Xishuangbanna International Symposium Botanical Gardens and Climate Change)

作者： Na QIAO Douglas SCHAEFER Evgenia BLAGODATSKAYA Xiao-Ming ZOU Xing-Liang XU Yakov KUZYAKOV Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical GardenChinese Academy of Sciences Menglun Mengla Yunnan 666303 P.R.China Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) 11A Datun Road Chaoyang District Beijing 100101 P.R.China Department of Soil Science of Temperate Ecosystems University of G(o)ttingenBüsgenweg 2 G(o)ttingen 37077 Germany

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