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Carbon budget and balance critical processes of the regional landwater-air interface:Indicating the earth system’s carbon neutrality

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Science China Earth Sciences 2022年第5期65卷 773-782页

作者： Yang GAO Shuoyue WANG Yao LU Jianbao LIU Sidan LYU Kun SUN Junjie JIA Zhaoxi LI Guirui YU Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Key Laboratory of Alpine Ecology Institute of Tibetan Plateau ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China

Regional processes on land-water-air interface carbon(C)budget and balance that interconnect the land and sea are in fact C neutrality critical processes within the earth *** is therefore essential to quantitatively analyze synergistic landwater-air interface C transport and C exchange processes to gain a deep understanding of the important role that terrestrial ecosystems play in“missing C sink”.This paper systematically analyzes global land-water-air interface C migration processes as well as C budget changes and associated impact *** also investigates the important role that these C budgets and C cycling processes play in inland water bodies,respective to C budgets at the land-water-air ***,this study reveals the regulatory mechanisms of land-water-air interface C budgets and balances under a background of global climate *** also quantitatively evaluates the status of China’s regional land-sea-air interface C budgets as well as the C sequestration potential of its lake ***,this study concludes that the explicit quantification of anthropogenic activity impacts on land-water-air interface C transport and exchange processes is of great significance to global C balances and C neutrality.

关键词： C budget C balance C neutrality Critical zone Land-water-air interface exchange Land-sea coordination

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Determining nitrogen fate by hydrological pathways and impact on carbonate weathering in an agricultural karst watershed

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2023年第2期11卷 327-338页

作者： Zhuo Hao Yang Gao Yang Yang Qingwen Zhang Agricultural Clean Watershed Research Group Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in AgricultureCAASBeijing100081China Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchCAsBejing10011 China Sierra Nevada Research Institute University of CalifomiaMercedCA95344USA

Identifying the nitrogen(N)fate is complicated and a great challenge in karst watersheds because of the co-existence of natural pools and anthropogenic *** objective of the study was to use stable isotopic composition of dual-isotope(δ^(15)NNitrate and δ^(18)O_(Nitrate))and LOADEST model approaches to trace N sources,pathways in karst *** study was conducted in the Houzhai watershed,which is a typical agricultural karst watershed from July 2016 to August 2018,to reveal the N fate and the coupled carbon(C)-N processes occurring in the riverine-watershed with agricultural *** found that the wet deposition of total nitrogen(TN)flux was 33.50 kg hm^(-2)·a^(-1)and dissolved nitrogen(DN)flux was 21.66 kg hm^(-2)·a^(-1).The DN runoff loss was 2.10×10^(5)kg·a^(-1)and the loss of DN during the wet season accounted for 95.4%over a *** the wet season,NO_(3)^(-)-N daily efflux was 977.62±516.66 kg ha^(-1)·day^(-1)and 248.77±57.83 kg ha^(-1)·day^(-1)in the dry *** NH_(4)^(+)-N efflux was 29.17±10.50 kg ha^(-1)·day^(-1)and 4.42±3.07 kg ha^(-1)·day^(-1)in the wet and dry seasons,*** main form output load of N was NO_(3)^(-)-N which was more than 30 times as much as NH_(4)^(+)-N output *** NO_(3)^(-)N caused by rainfall contributed11.82%-53.61%to the export *** from soil contributed over 94%of the N to Houzhai river caused by N *** addition,manure and farmland soil were the main sources of groundwater in the Houzhai watersheds,the contribution rates were 25.9%and 22.5%.The chemical N fertilizers affected carbonate weathering strongly,and the HCO_(3)^(-) flux caused by nitrifi-cation due to N fertilizers application in soil accounted for 23.5%of the entire *** study suggested that carbonate weathering may be influenced by nitrogen nitrification in the karst watershed.

关键词： Karst Agricultural watershed Hydrological pathway Nitrogen Carbonate weathering

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Divergent driving mechanisms of community temporal stability in China's drylands

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Environmental Science and Ecotechnology 2024年第4期20卷 237-246页

作者： Kai Wang Cong Wang Bojie Fu Jianbei Huang Fangli Wei Xuejing Leng Xiaoming Feng Zongshan Li Wei Jiang State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100085China College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry Hans-Kn€oll-Str.1007745JenaGermany Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China Shaanxi Yan'an Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station Beijing100085China National Observation and Research Station of Earth Critical Zone on the Loess Plateau in Shaanxi Xi'an710061China

Climate change and anthropogenic activities are reshaping dryland ecosystems globally at an unprecedented pace,jeopardizing their *** stability of these ecosystems is crucial for maintaining ecological balance and supporting local ***,the mechanisms governing their stability are poorly understood,largely due to the scarcity of comprehensive field *** we show the patterns of community temporal stability and its determinants across an aridity spectrum by integrating a transect survey across China's drylands with remote *** results revealed a U-shaped relationship between community temporal stability and aridity,with a pivotal shift occurring around an aridity level of *** less arid areas(aridity level below 0.88),enhanced precipitation and biodiversity were associated with increased community productivity and ***,in more arid zones(aridity level above 0.88),elevated soil organic carbon and biodiversity were linked to greater fluctuations in community productivity and reduced *** study identifies a critical aridity threshold that precipitates significant changes in community stability in China's drylands,underscoring the importance of distinct mechanisms driving ecosystem stability in varying aridity *** insights are pivotal for developing informed ecosystem management and policy strategies tailored to the unique challenges of dryland conservation.

关键词： Dryland ecosystems Community stability Ecosystem management Species richness Aridity threshold

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Biochar reduces N2O emission from fertilized cropland soils: a meta-analysis

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Carbon Research 2025年第1期4卷 1-14页

作者： Zhong, Lei Wang, Ping Gu, Zhibin Song, Yufeng Cai, Xiaoxian Yu, Guanqi Xu, Xingliang Kuzyakov, Yakov School of Earth System Science Tianjin University Tianjin300072 China Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100101 China College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Yanqi Lake Huairou District Beijing101408 China Department of Soil Science of Temperate Ecosystems Department of Agricultural Soil Science University of Goettingen Göttingen37077 Germany Moscow117198 Russia Institute of Environmental Sciences Kazan Federal University Kazan420049 Russia

Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from soil are an important contributor to global warming, particularly from intensively fertilized croplands. Biochar is commonly applied to reduce N2O emissions and raise soil fertility by regulating soil structure, microbial processes, and crop nitrogen use efficiency. However, the effects of biochar on N2O emissions from fertilized croplands depend on its sources and production conditions, including feedstocks, pyrolysis temperatures, properties and application rates. To generalize findings from individual studies, we synthesized 550 observations that simultaneously measured N2O emissions, nitrification enzyme activity (NEA), denitrification enzyme activity (DEA), and relevant functional genes (AOA, AOB, narG, nirK, nirS, and nosZ) to assess their responses to biochar production conditions, properties and application rates across cropland ecosystems. Wheat straw biochar increased the abundances of all functional genes related to N2O emissions and DEA, while pyrolysis temperatures exceeding 450 ℃ decreased DEA. Low-temperature pyrolysis biochar was particularly effective in reducing N2O emissions. The abundance of denitrifiers and DEA-related genes increased with the pH, ash content, and cation exchange capacity (CEC) of biochar. As biochar application rates increased, N2O emissions were reduced, largely due to an increase in nosZ gene abundance and soil pH. A common biochar application rate of 20 t ha−1 decreased N2O emissions by 19%, primarily through reduced denitrification, while 50 t ha−1 reduced N2O emissions by 48%. Biochar preparation conditions, and property changes had no significant effects on N2O emissions at application rates below 20 t ha−1. When application rates exceeded 20 t ha−1, biochar pyrolysis temperature and properties influenced N2O emissions, indicating a threshold application rate, beyond which biochar affects N2O emissions. Biochar regulates the soil N cycle and N2O emissions primarily through denitrificatio

关键词： Fertilizers

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Implication of community-level ecophysiological parameterization to modelling ecosystem productivity:a case study across nine contrasting forest sites in eastern China

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Journal of Forestry Research 2024年第1期35卷 1-11页

作者： Minzhe Fang Changjin Cheng Nianpeng He Guoxin Si Osbert Jianxin Sun School of Ecology and Nature Conservation Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijing 100083China Research Institute of Energy Saving Environmental ProtectionOccupational Safety and HealthChina Academy of Railway Sciences Corporation LimitedBeijing 100081China Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

Parameterization is a critical step in modelling ecosystem ***,assigning parameter values can be a technical challenge for structurally complex natural plant communities;uncertainties in model simulations often arise from inappropriate model *** we compared five methods for defining community-level specific leaf area(SLA)and leaf C:N across nine contrasting forest sites along the North-South Transect of Eastern China,including biomass-weighted average for the entire plant community(AP_BW)and four simplified selective sampling(biomass-weighted average over five dominant tree species[5DT_BW],basal area weighted average over five dominant tree species[5DT_AW],biomass-weighted average over all tree species[AT_BW]and basal area weighted average over all tree species[AT_AW]).We found that the default values for SLA and leaf C:N embedded in the Biome-BGC v4.2 were higher than the five computational methods produced across the nine sites,with deviations ranging from 28.0 to 73.3%.In addition,there were only slight deviations(<10%)between the whole plant community sampling(AP_BW)predicted NPP and the four simplified selective sampling methods,and no significant difference between the predictions of AT_BW and AP_BW except the Shennongjia *** findings in this study highlights the critical importance of computational strategies for community-level parameterization in ecosystem process modelling,and will support the choice of parameterization methods.

关键词： Biome-BGC Community traits Forest ecosystems Model parameterization

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Effects of nitrogen addition on carbonate-derived CO_(2) emission after biochar addition

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Soil Ecology Letters 2023年第4期5卷 39-49页

作者： Zhaoan Sun Tianxiang Hao Biao Zhu Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology in University of Shandong College of Seed and Facility Agricultural EngineeringWeifang UniversityWeifang 261061China Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Institute of Ecology College of Urban and Environmental Sciencesand Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of EducationPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China

●We studied the effect of nitrogen and biochar on CO_(2) emission from SOC and SIC.●Nitrogen increased SIC-derived CO_(2) by 41%but decreased SOC-derived CO_(2) by 20%.●Biochar reduced total soil-derived CO_(2) by neutralizing nitrogen-induced acidity.●We proposed a method for 3-or 4-source partitioning CO_(2) emission from calcareous *** addition generally increases the alkalinity regeneration to resist soil acidification driven by nitrogen(N)*** soils contain soil organic carbon(SOC)and inorganic C(SIC).Owing to technical limitations in three-source partitioning CO_(2),how biochar addition affects SOC-and SIC-derived CO_(2) emission has not been clarified ***,we conducted a 70-day incubation experiment of ammonium-N and maize-straw-derived biochar additions to investigate the N plus biochar impacts on SOC-and SIC-derived CO_(2) *** the 70-day incubation,we found that the N-only addition increased the SIC-derived CO_(2) emission by approximately 41%compared with the control,but decreased the SOC-derived CO_(2) emission by approximately 20%.This suggests that the distinct responses of SIC-and SOC-derived CO_(2) emission to N-only addition come from N-induced acidification and preferential substrate(N)utilization of soil microorganisms,*** with N-only addition,N plus biochar addition decreased the SIC-derived CO_(2) emission by 17%−20%during the first 20 days of incubation,but increased it by 54%during the next 50 *** result suggested that biochar addition reduced the SIC-derived CO_(2) emission likely due to the alkalization capacity of biochar exceeding the acidification capacity of ammonium-N in the short term,but it may increase the SIC-derived CO_(2) emission induced by the weak acidity produced from biochar mineralization in the long *** study is helpful to improve the quantification of CO_(2) emission from calcareous soils.

关键词： biochar soil organic carbon soil inorganic carbon three-source partitioning soil CO_(2)emission 13C isotope

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Spatial distribution of vegetation carbon stock among different organs over the Tibetan Plateau:on an intensive field survey

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Journal of Forestry Research 2025年第1期36卷 311-320页

作者： Weixiang Cai Nianpeng He Li Xu College of Soil and Water Conservation Science and Engineering(Institute of Soil and Water Conservation) Northwest A&F UniversityYangling712100People’s Republic of China Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education School of EcologyNortheast Forestry UniversityHarbin150040People’s Republic of China Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101People’s Republic of China Earth Critical Zone and Flux Research Station of Xing’an Mountains Chinese Academy of SciencesDaxing’anling165200People’s Republic of China

Tibetan Plateau,as one of the most carbon intensive regions in China,is crucial in the carbon cycle,and accurately estimating its vegetation carbon density(C_(VEG))is essential for assessing regional and national carbon ***,the spatial distribution of regional C_(VEG) is not available remains highly uncertain due to lack of systematic research,especially for different ***,we investigated the spatial distribution patterns and driving factors of C_(VEG) among different plant organs(leaf,branch,trunk and root)by systematically field grid-sampling 2040 field-plots of plant communities over the Tibetan Plateau from 2019 to *** results showed that the carbon content of plant organs ranged from 255.53 to 515.58 g kg^(-1),with the highest in branches and the lowest in *** the different plant functional groups,the highest C_(VEG) was found in evergreen coniferous forests,and the lowest in desert grasslands,with an average C_(VEG) of 1603.98 g m^(-2).C_(VEG) increased spatially from northwest to southeast over the Tibetan Plateau,with MAP being the dominant ***,the total vegetation carbon stock on the Tibetan Plateau was estimated to be 1965.62 Tg for all vegetation *** on the comprehensive field survey dataset,the Random Forest model effectively predicted and mapped the spatial distribution of C_(VEG)(including aboveground,belowground,and the total biomass carbon density)over the Tibetan Plateau with notable accuracy(validation R2 values were 71%,56%,and 64%for C_(AGB),C_(BGB),and C_(VEG),respectively)at a spatial resolution of 1 km×1 *** findings can help improve the accuracy of regional carbon stock estimations and provide parameters for carbon cycle model optimization and remote sensing calibration in the future.

关键词： Tibetan Plateau Vegetation Carbon density Carbon stock Machine learning

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Off-farm income promotes energy transition in the Pan-Third Pole cross-national region

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Advances in Climate Change Research 2023年第5期14卷 798-809页

作者： Xiao-Qi ZHENG Xiang-Bo XU Chang LI Chao FU Zhao-Yuan FAN School of Economics Nanjing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsNanjing 210023China Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China United Nations Environment Programme-International Ecosystem Management Partnership(UNEP-IEMP) Beijing 100101China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

The Pan-Third Pole region comprises multiple nations affected by climate vulnerability and energy inequality,wherein promoting energy transitions in rural households would provide a path to combat climate *** the factors that drive rural household energy consumption and the transition is *** study performed a micro-survey of 1060 rural households in five countries in the Pan-Third Pole region and empirically analyzed the relationships between off-farm income,energy consumption,and energy *** off-farm income of rural households was found to have a significantly positive effect(p<0.01)on energy expenditure,indicating that energy expenditure increased with increasing off-farm ***-farm income has a significantly positive effect(p<0.01)on the proportion of commercial energy but a significantly negative effect on the proportion of noncommercial *** results indicate that increasing off-farm income can adjust the energy consumption structure of rural ***,a robustness check by substituting independent variables,instrumental variable method(IV),and propensity score matching method(PSM)provided strong evidence to prove the robustness of the *** heterogeneity analysis showed that the effects of off-farm income on energy expenditure and transitions differed among countries,off-farm income had no significant impact on energy expenditure in Cambodia and Myanmar,but it worked for China,Nepal,and ***,policy implications are proposed to promote energy transition in the Pan-Third pole region:providing more full-time or part-time off-farm employment opportunities,employment assistance or skill training by local governments;increasing the pace of infrastructure construction to solve energy inaccessibility;multiple measures to promote the education and environmental knowledge.

关键词： Off-farm income Rural household Energy consumption Energy transition Pan-Third Pole region

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Flood variability in the upper Yangtze River over the last millennium——Insights from a comparison of climate-hydrological model simulated and reconstruction

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Science China Earth Sciences 2023年第3期66卷 547-567页

作者： Ran HUO Hua CHEN Lu LI Chong-Yu XU Jingjing LI Si HONG Chesheng ZHAN Jun XIA State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430072China Hubei Provincial Key Lab of Water System Science for Sponge City Construction Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430072China NORCE Norwegian Research Centre Bjerknes Centre for Climate ResearchJahnebakken 55007 BergenNorway Department of Geosciences University of OsloP.O Box 1047 Blindern0316 OsloNorway Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related and Surface Processes Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China

Understanding hydrological responses to rising levels of greenhouse gases are essential for climate and impact *** is,however,often limited by a lack of long record of observational data to provide a basis for understanding the longterm behavior of the climate *** reconstructed data and(global climate and hydrological)model simulations will help us to better understand the variability of climate and hydrology over timescales ranging from decades to *** this study,we proposed an integrated approach to study flood variability in the upper reach of the Yangtze River over the last millennium to the end of the 21st *** accomplish this,we first drove hydrological models using the precipitation and temperature from four Global Climate Models(GCM),BCC-CSM1.1,MIROC,MRI-CGCM3,and CCSM4,to simulate daily discharge for the upper reach of the Yangtze River during the period of the last millennium(850–1849),historical period(1850–2005),and a future period(2006–2099).Then,we evaluated whether the modeled precipitation,temperature,and extreme discharge had statistical properties similar to those shown in the documented dry-wet periods,temperature anomalies,and paleoflood ***,we explored the extreme discharge variability using model *** results indicate that:(1)The MIROC-ESM model,differing from the other three GCM models,revealed positive temperature changes from the warm period(Medieval Climate Anomaly;MCA)to the cold period(Little Ice Age;LIA),while the temperature variability of the other models was similar to the records.(2)The BCC-CSM1.1 model performed better than the others regarding correlations between modeled precipitation and documented dry-wet periods.(3)Over most of the subbasins in the upper Yangtze River,the magnitude of extreme discharge in the BCC-CSM1.1 model results showed that there was a decrease from the MCA to the LIA period and an increase in the historical period relative to the cold period,whil

关键词： Climate change Flood variability Paleoflood records Climate-hydrological model Upper Yangtze River

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温带森林沼泽植物化学多样性沿局域尺度土壤化学梯度的变化

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2023年第2期16卷 1-12页

作者： Xu-Yan Liu Yu-Kun Hu Beijing Key Laboratory of Wetland Services and Restoration Institute of Wetland ResearchChinese Academy of ForestryBeijing 100091China Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China

多种化学元素对于植物生长和生存、群落结构及植被功能具有至关重要的作用。化学多样性,即群落中植物元素含量的变异大小,能为深入探究植物养分策略和群落构建机制提供重要见解。然而,目前对于氮和磷以外的其它元素的化学多样性认识很少... 详细信息

多种化学元素对于植物生长和生存、群落结构及植被功能具有至关重要的作用。化学多样性,即群落中植物元素含量的变异大小,能为深入探究植物养分策略和群落构建机制提供重要见解。然而,目前对于氮和磷以外的其它元素的化学多样性认识很少,而且主要集中于植物地上部分。本研究通过对沿局域土壤化学梯度下的森林沼泽林下植物群落的调查,测定优势和亚优势植物叶片和细根11种元素含量,使用n维的超体积指数,探究了叶片和细根化学多样性的变化,及其与土壤因子间的关系。研究发现植物化学多样性随着土壤铝、锰、镁和锌含量的增加而减少,而与土壤氮、磷、钾、钠和铁含量及土壤pH和碳氮比之间没有关系。在控制物种多样性和土壤水分含量的影响后,这些变化格局仍然稳固。此外,叶和根化学多样性之间存在显著正相关,两者与土壤因子的关系相似。植物根化学多样性略高于叶化学多样性,但差异不显著。这些研究结果强调了局域尺度下土壤微量元素在决定植物化学多样性中的重要作用。植物叶和根化学多样性具相似的大小和格局,表明了在局域尺度下相似的环境因子驱动了植物地上与地下化学多样性。本研究结果对进一步认识土壤养分影响下的植物群落构建和生态系统功能具有重要的意义。

关键词：地上与地下联系环境梯度细根功能多样性超体积多元素微量元素

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