作者：
Xin ZhangHongzhi FengM. Shamim HossainYinzhuo ChenHongbo WangYuyu YinHangzhou Dianzi University
China Key Laboratory of Complex Systems Modeling and Simulation Ministry of Education China Zhoushan Tongbo Marine Electronic Information Research Institute Hangzhou Dianzi University China and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Service Computing Yunnan University of Finance and Economics China Hangzhou Dianzi University
China Department of Software Engineering
College of Computer and Information Sciences King Saud University Saudi Arabia Hangzhou Dianzi University
China Key Laboratory of Complex Systems Modeling and Simulation Ministry of Education China and Zhoushan Tongbo Marine Electronic Information Research Institute Hangzhou Dianzi University China
Action Quality Assessment (AQA) has become crucial in video analysis, finding wide applications in various domains, such as healthcare and sports. A significant challenge faced by AQA is the background bias due to the...
详细信息
Action Quality Assessment (AQA) has become crucial in video analysis, finding wide applications in various domains, such as healthcare and sports. A significant challenge faced by AQA is the background bias due to the dominance of the background in videos. Especially, the background bias tends to overshadow subtle foreground differences, which is crucial for precise action evaluation. To address the background bias issue, we propose a novel data augmentation method named Scaled Background Swap. Firstly, the background regions between different video samples are swapped to guide models focus toward the dynamic foreground regions and mitigate its sensitivity to the background during training. Secondly, the video’s foreground region is up-scaled to further enhance models’ attention to the critical foreground action information for AQA tasks. In particular, the proposed Scaled Background Swap method can effectively improve models’ accuracy and generalization by prioritizing foreground motion and swapping backgrounds. It can be flexibly applied with various video analysis models. Extensive experiments on AQA benchmarks demonstrate that Scaled Background Swap method achieves better performance than baselines. Specifically, the Spearman’s rank correlation on datasets AQA-7 and MTL-AQA reaches 0.8870 and 0.9526, respectively. The code is available at: https://***/Emy-cv/Scaled-Background Swap.
Background: Decades of steady improvements in life expectancy in Europe slowed down from around 2011, well before the COVID-19 pandemic, for reasons which remain disputed. We aimed to assess how changes in risk factor...
Background: Decades of steady improvements in life expectancy in Europe slowed down from around 2011, well before the COVID-19 pandemic, for reasons which remain disputed. We aimed to assess how changes in risk factors and cause-specific death rates in different European countries related to changes in life expectancy in those countries before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: We used data and methods from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2021 to compare changes in life expectancy at birth, causes of death, and population exposure to risk factors in 16 European Economic Area countries (Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, and Sweden) and the four UK nations (England, Northern Ireland, Scotland, and Wales) for three time periods: 1990–2011, 2011–19, and 2019–21. Changes in life expectancy and causes of death were estimated with an established life expectancy cause-specific decomposition method, and compared with summary exposure values of risk factors for the major causes of death influencing life expectancy. Findings: All countries showed mean annual improvements in life expectancy in both 1990–2011 (overall mean 0·23 years [95% uncertainty interval [UI] 0·23 to 0·24]) and 2011–19 (overall mean 0·15 years [0·13 to 0·16]). The rate of improvement was lower in 2011–19 than in 1990–2011 in all countries except for Norway, where the mean annual increase in life expectancy rose from 0·21 years (95% UI 0·20 to 0·22) in 1990–2011 to 0·23 years (0·21 to 0·26) in 2011–19 (difference of 0·03 years). In other countries, the difference in mean annual improvement between these periods ranged from –0·01 years in Iceland (0·19 years [95% UI 0·16 to 0·21] vs 0·18 years [0·09 to 0·26]), to –0·18 years in England (0·25 years [0·24 to 0·25] vs 0·07 years [0·06 to 0·08]). In 2019–21, there was an overall decrease in mean annual life expectancy a
Trees can differ enormously in their crown architectural traits, such as the scaling relationships between tree height, crown width and stem diameter. Yet despite the importance of crown architecture in shaping the st...
Trees can differ enormously in their crown architectural traits, such as the scaling relationships between tree height, crown width and stem diameter. Yet despite the importance of crown architecture in shaping the structure and function of terrestrial ecosystems, we lack a complete picture of what drives this incredible diversity in crown shapes. Using data from 374,888 globally distributed trees, we explore how climate, disturbance, competition, functional traits, and evolutionary history constrain the height and crown width scaling relationships of 1914 tree species. We find that variation in height-diameter scaling relationships is primarily controlled by water availability and light competition. Conversely, crown width is predominantly shaped by exposure to wind and fire, while also covarying with functional traits related to mechanical stability and photosynthesis. Additionally, we identify several plant lineages with highly distinctive stem and crown forms, such as the exceedingly slender dipterocarps of Southeast Asia, or the extremely wide crowns of legume trees in African savannas. Our study charts the global spectrum of tree crown architecture and pinpoints the processes that shape the 3D structure of woody ecosystems.
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