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作者： Xiao, Ling Meng, Yu Tian, Xiaobing Luo, Haibo College of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering Hunan University Changsha China College of Computer Science Guangdong University of Science And Technology Dongguan China Key Laboratory for Embedded and Network Computing of Hunan Province Hunan University Changsha China College of Computer and Control Engineering Minjiang University Fujian China

Harvesting kinetic energy from body movement is regarded as a promising rechargeable energy source for wearable devices with low-power. Energy allocation is essential for motion-based rechargeable devices since the great variability of energy gained from movement. Based on the realistic characteristics of an ultra-low-power wearable devices and our measurement observations, we propose the optimization framework allocating energy to maximize the average accuracy of human activity recognition and provide an offline and online algorithm, respectively. We evaluate the proposed energy allocation approach with real-world human activity and kinetic energy harvesting datasets. Experimental results validate that our proposed energy allocation approach can maximize the energy allocation utility and improve energy efficiency of wearable devices. © 2021 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

关键词： Kinetic energy

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A scheduling algorithm in the randomly heterogeneous multi-core processor

A scheduling algorithm in the randomly heterogeneous multi-c...

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International Conference on Fuzzy Systems and Knowledge Discovery (FSKD)

作者： Yan Liu Yongwei Li Yihong Zhao Xiaoming Chen College of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering Key Laboratory for Embedded and Network Computing of Hunan Province Changsha China

ISBN: (纸本)9781509040940

The increasing scale of multi-core processors are likely to be randomly heterogeneous by design or because of diversity and flaws. The latter type of heterogeneity introduced by some unforeseen variable factors such as the manufacturing process variation is especially challenging because of its unpredictability. In this environment, thread scheduler and global power manager must handle such randomly heterogeneous. Furthermore, these algorithms must supply high efficiency, scalability and low overhead because future multi-core processors may have a number of cores on a single die. This paper presents a variation-aware scheduling algorithm for application scheduling and power management. Thread switching and sampling among different cores in the multi-core processor introduce obvious overhead than previous many-core scheduling algorithms. Proposed scheme records the information of swapped thread of preferential core and uses tabu search-based randomly heterogeneous scheduling algorithm(TSR) to avoid the occurrence of repeated sampling and reduce the migration frequency and sampling frequency of a thread. The experimental results show that TSR algorithm has decreased 45.7% of thread migration and 42.2% of the sampling time as compared with local search algorithm. This paper regards the transcendental Hungarian offline scheduling algorithm as the baseline. ED2 of TSR only decrease by 8.58% as compared with that of Hungarian offline scheduling algorithm, but compared with the random search scheduling algorithm, ED2 of TSR decreased by 39.4%.

关键词： Scheduling algorithms Scheduling Multicore processing Algorithm design and analysis Heuristic algorithms Optimal scheduling Schedules

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Efficient differential fault analysis attacks to AES decryption for low cost sensors in IoTs

Efficient differential fault analysis attacks to AES decrypt...

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International Symposium on Circuits and Systems

作者： Limin Zhu Yi Wang Renfa Li Key Laboratory for Embedded and Network Computing of Hunan Province Hunan University Changsha China Institute for Infocomm Research A?STAR Singapore

ISBN: (纸本)9781479953424

Robust sensor system plays an important role in Internet of Things (IoTs). These intelligent sensors are required to be low cost and reliable, which provides confidentiality for private sensitive data. However, this protected system is still under the risk of Differential Fault Analysis (DFA) attacks. In this paper, we focus on DFA attacks to AES decryption as decryption receives the equalling importance as encryption. First, we induce a fault at the input of the third round in the procedure of AES decryption, in which w e successfully break it using one pair of fault-free and faulty plaintexts within 232 searching space. Then, we improve this attack by use of S-Box distribution table, which reduces the computational time from 853 ms to 70 ms on a dual Intel(R) Pentium(R) E6700 core (3.20 GHz). Compared to the existing work, our proposed attack reduces 79.5% computational time when both methods employ two pairs of fault-free and faulty ciphertexts/plaintexts.

关键词： Ciphers Mathematical model Encryption Internet of things Intelligent sensors Sensor systems

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A recent survey on controllable text generation: A causal perspective

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Fundamental Research 2024年第3期5卷 1194-1203页

作者： Wang, Junli Zhang, Chenyang Zhang, Dongyu Tong, Haibo Yan, Chungang Jiang, Changjun Key Laboratory of Embedded System and Service Computing (Tongji University) Ministry of Education Shanghai 201804 China National (Province-Ministry Joint) Collaborative Innovation Center for Financial Network Security Tongji University Shanghai 201804 China

As an important subject of natural language generation, Controllable Text Generation (CTG) focuses on integrating additional constraints and controls while generating texts and has attracted a lot of attention. Existing controllable text generation approaches mainly capture the statistical association implied within training texts, but generated texts lack causality consideration. This paper intends to review recent CTG approaches from a causal perspective. Firstly, according to previous research on basic types of CTG models, it is discovered that their essence is to obtain the association, and then four kinds of challenges caused by absence of causality are introduced. Next, this paper reviews the improvements to address these challenges from four aspects, namely representation disentanglement, causal inference, knowledge enhancement and multi-aspect CTG respectively. Additionally, this paper inspects existing evaluations of CTG, especially evaluations for causality of CTG. Finally, this review discusses some future research directions for the causality improvement of CTG and makes a conclusion. © 2024

关键词： Causal inference Causality Controllable text generation Knowledge enhancement Representation disentanglement

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Design and implementation of a fall detection monitor system with a voice interaction function for smartphones

Design and implementation of a fall detection monitor system...

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IEEE International Conference on Consumer Electronics - Berlin (ICCE-Berlin)

作者： Ying-Wen Bai Chia-Hao Yu Chun-Cheng Chan Key Laboratory for Embedded and Network Computing of Hunan Province Hunan University Changsha China Department of Computer Science The University of Texas at Dallas Richardson Texas

In this paper a smartphone fall detection system featuring a three-axis accelerometer sensor with a voice interaction function is presented. The value, measured by the three-axis accelerometer sensor, is sent to the program. It is then calculated and compared to the fall characteristics. When a fall is detected, the voice function asks whether the user needs help. If the fall is not serious, the user can cancel this emergency notification by means of either the voice interaction function or the touch panel. Otherwise the smartphone would automatically send out an emergency signal to the help center to request assistance for the user.

关键词： Smart phones Speech recognition Acceleration Accelerometers Global Positioning System Monitoring Gravity

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A Unified Architecture for Supporting Operations of AES and ECC

A Unified Architecture for Supporting Operations of AES and ...

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International Symposium on Parallel Architectures, Algorithms and Programming (PAAP)

作者： Yi Wang Renfa Li Embedded Systems and Networking Laboratory Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Network and Information Security Hunan University Changsha China

In the recent years, embedded systems began to be used in sensitive applications such as personal digital assistants and smart cards. Due to very strict cost and power constrains, the support for cryptography provided by these devices is often limited to either public or private key primitives. This limitation is much more evident in devices where the cryptographic algorithms are implemented using hardware resources. In this paper, we propose an extension of a public-key cryptosystem to support also private-key, and we evaluate our architecture on FPGA platforms. In particular, we propose a new arithmetic unit in which the polynomial modular multiplication of ECC is extended to compute also the polynomial arithmetic operations over binary extended field of AES. We compare our design with an architecture obtained by instantiating state of the art implementation of AES and ECC and we evaluate the trade-offs. The experimental results show that our proposed architecture takes up less hardware resources. Nevertheless, the achieved performances are better compared to the ECC reference core, while the ones compared to AES only implementation are comparable with the state of the art.

关键词： Elliptic curve cryptography Polynomials Algorithm design and analysis Computer architecture Computer science Hardware

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Infra-YOLO: Efficient Neural network Structure with Model Compression for Real-Time Infrared Small Object Detection

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Chen, Zhonglin Geng, Anyu Jiang, Jianan Lu, Jiwu Wu, Di The College of Electrical and Information Engineering Hunan University Hunan Changsha410082 China The Key Laboratory for Embedded and Network Computing of Hunan Province Hunan University Hunan Changsha410082 China

Although convolutional neural networks have made outstanding achievements in visible light target detection, there are still many challenges in infrared small object detection because of the low signal-to-noise ratio, incomplete object structure, and a lack of reliable infrared small object dataset. To resolve limitations of the infrared small object dataset, a new dataset named InfraTiny was constructed, and more than 85% bounding box is less than 32x32 pixels (3218 images and a total of 20,893 bounding boxes). A multi-scale attention mechanism module (MSAM) and a Feature Fusion Augmentation Pyramid Module (FFAFPM) were proposed and deployed onto embedded devices. The MSAM enables the network to obtain scale perception information by acquiring different receptive fields, while the background noise information is suppressed to enhance feature extraction ability. The proposed FFAFPM can enrich semantic information, and enhance the fusion of shallow feature and deep feature, thus false positive results have been significantly reduced. By integrating the proposed methods into the YOLO model, which is named Infra-YOLO, infrared small object detection performance has been improved. Compared to yolov3, mAP@0.5 has been improved by 2.7%;and compared to yolov4, that by 2.5% on the InfraTiny dataset. The proposed Infra-YOLO was also transferred onto the embedded device in the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) for real application scenarios, where the channel pruning method is adopted to reduce FLOPs and to achieve a tradeoff between speed and accuracy. Even if the parameters of Infra-YOLO are reduced by 88% with the pruning method, a gain of 0.7% is still achieved on mAP@0.5 compared to yolov3, and a gain of 0.5% compared to yolov4. Experimental results show that the proposed MSAM and FFAFPM method can improve infrared small object detection performance compared with the previous benchmark method. © 2024, CC BY-NC-ND.

关键词： Convolutional neural networks

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Software defined edge computing for distributed management and scalable control in IoT multinetworks

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Wu, Di Nie, Xiang Deng, Hanhui Qin, Zhijin Key Laboratory for Embedded and Network Computing of Hunan Province Hunan University China School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science Queen Mary University of London United Kingdom

Recently, edge computing has emerged as a promising paradigm to support mobile access in IoT multinetworks. However, coexistence of heterogeneous wireless communication schemes brings about new challenges to the mobility management and access control in such networks. To maintain its computing continuum, Software-Defined networking (SDN) architecture can be applied to the distributed edge networks, which provides consistent frameworks for mobility management and creates secure mechanisms for access control. In this paper, we first review the state-of-the-art SDN technology and its applications in edge computing. In particular, we highlight the prominent issues related to mobility management and access control for SDN in the edge computing environment. We also introduce a number of effective solutions to these issues by presenting real-world testbed experiments, prototypes and numerical analysis of adopting SDN based edge computing paradigms for IoT multinetworks. Copyright © 2021, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Edge computing

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Fault Tolerance in Time-Sensitive networking with Mixed-Critical Traffic

Fault Tolerance in Time-Sensitive Networking with Mixed-Crit...

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Design Automation Conference

作者： Wenhong Ma Xiangzhen Xiao Guoqi Xie Nan Guan Yu Jiang Wanli Chang Key Laboratory for Embedded and Network Computing of Hunan Province College of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering Hunan University City University of Hong Kong Tsinghua University China

As an Ethernet-based communication protocol with timing determinism, TSN (time-sensitive networking) has become a well-recognized promising in-vehicle network solution for increasingly automated automobiles. To satisfy the reliability requirement of safety-critical applications, existing works towards fault-tolerant TSN trade too much bandwidth for redundancy, limiting their scope of applicability. Targeting mixed-critical traffic, which is widely found in practice, we define a shared fault-tolerant segment that is compatible with the TSN standard. It serves the critical flows when faults occur, to improve their reliability and serves the non-critical flows when otherwise, to improve their quality of service (QoS). On top of this, we propose a space-time redundancy scheduling algorithm, aiming to make the most efficient use of bandwidth, i.e., to fulfill both the reliability as well as hard real-time requirements, and maximize the QoS with the least bandwidth. In essence, we formulate a bi-objective design space exploration problem with hundreds of thousands of decision variables and solve it with customized heuristics. Experimental results show that compared to the state-of-the-art methods, our reported work increases the number of critical flows that can be accommodated on a resource-constrained network by 3 to 4 times, and achieve the highest QoS with an average reduction of 60.3% in bandwidth. As the first work along sharing of bandwidth between mixed-critical traffic in fault-tolerant TSN, this idea can be further pursued towards higher efficiency and may be applied in general autonomous systems.

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An improved masked S-box for AES and hardware implementation

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Journal of Convergence Information Technology 2012年第10期7卷 338-344页

作者： Zeng, Juanli Xu, Cheng Embedded System and Network Laboratory Hunan Province Key Lab. of Network and Information Security College of Inf. Sci. and Engineering Hunan University Changsha 410082 China

Masking in gate level is popularly used to protect AES S-box against power analysis attacks. But there still exists a kind of attack, called glitch attack, to achieve the sensitive information from gate cell leakage. Some works had been done to resist against glitch attack, which carefully masked AND gate or used Wave Dynamic Differential Logic (WDDL) cell. In this paper, we propose an improved masked AND gate, in which the relationship between input masked values and masks is nonlinear. Usually, when converting S-box operations from GF(28) to GF(((22)2)22), all the necessary computations become XOR and AND operations. Therefore, to fully mask AES S-box is to substitute the unmasked XOR and AND operations with the proposed masked AND gate and protected XOR gate. Although the proposed masked AND gate take up one extra XOR gate than Trichina's design and Baek's design, it can resist against glitch attack without using specific gate cell, such as WDDL. Finally with the masked AES Sbox, we provide a probable secure implementation of masked AES encryption with 32-bit data and verify the results.

关键词： Field programmable gate arrays (FPGA)

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