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A model LayerDFN for characterizing the inherent anisotropic rocks with large-scale and dense joints

Journal of Rock mechanics and geotechnical engineering 2025年第3期17卷 1569-1584页

作者： Gang Han Shuling Huang Chuanqing Zhang Xiuli Ding Yuting Zhang Yang Gao Jun He Key Laboratory of Geotechnical Mechanics and Engineering of the Ministry of Water Resources Changjiang River Scientific Research InstituteWuhan430010China State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering Institute of Rock and Soil MechanicsChinese Academy of SciencesWuhan430071China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing101408China

Large-scale and heavily jointed rocks have inherent planes of anisotropy and secondary structural planes,such as dominant joint sets and random fractures,which result in significant differences in their failure mechanism and deformation behavior compared to other rock *** address this issue,inherent anisotropic rocks with large-scale and dense joints are considered to be composed of the rock matrix,inherent planes of anisotropy,and secondary structural *** a new implicit continuum model called LayerDFN is developed based on the crack tensor and damage tensor theories to characterize the mechanical properties of inherent anisotropic ***,the LayerDFN model is implemented in the FLAC3D software,and a series of numerical results for typical example problems is compared with those obtained from the 3DEC,the analytical solutions,similar classical models,laboratory uniaxial compression tests,and field rigid bearing plate *** results demonstrate that the LayerDFN model can effectively capture the anisotropic mechanical properties of inherent anisotropic rocks,and can quantitatively characterize the damaging effect of the secondary structural ***,the numerical method based on the LayerDFN model provides a comprehensive and reliable approach for describing and analyzing the behavior of inherent anisotropic rocks,which will provide valuable insights for engineering design and decision-making processes.

关键词： Inherent anisotropic rocks Secondary structural planes Constitutive model Crack tensor Damage tensor

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Estimation of tunnel axial orientation in the interlayered rock mass using a comprehensive algorithm

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Journal of Rock mechanics and geotechnical engineering 2024年第7期16卷 2579-2590页

作者： Hui Li Weizhong Chen Xianjun Tan State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering Institute of Rock and Soil MechanicsChinese Academy of SciencesWuhan430071China

The axial selection of tunnels constructed in the interlayered soft-hard rock mass affects the stability and safety during *** optimization is primarily based on experience or comparison and selection of alternative values under specific geological *** this work,an intelligent optimization framework has been proposed by combining numerical analysis,machine learning(ML)and optimization *** automatic and intelligent numerical analysis process was proposed and coded to reduce redundant manual *** conventional optimization algorithm was developed from two aspects and applied to the hyperparameters estimation of the support vector machine(SVM)model and the axial orientation optimization of the ***,the comprehensive framework was applied to a numerical case study,and the results were compared with those of other *** results of this study indicate that the determination coefficients between the predicted and the numerical stability evaluation indices(STIs)on the training and testing datasets are 0.998 and 0.997,*** a given geological condition,the STI that changes with the axial orientation shows the trend of first decreasing and then increasing,and the optimal tunnel axial orientation is estimated to be 87.This method provides an alternative and quick approach to the overall design of the tunnels.

关键词： Tunnel Building information modeling Design optimization Particle swarm optimization Support vector machine(SVM)

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Investigation of anisotropic strength criteria for layered rock mass

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Journal of Rock mechanics and geotechnical engineering 2024年第4期16卷 1289-1304页

作者： Shuling Huang Jinxin Zhang Xiuli Ding Chuanqing Zhang Gang Han Guoqi Yu Lulu Qu Key Laboratory of Geotechnical Mechanics and Engineering of the Ministry of Water Resources Changjiang River Scientific Research InstituteWuhan430071China State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering Institute of Rock and Soil MechanicsChinese Academy of SciencesWuhan430000China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049China

Layered rock mass is a type of engineering rock mass with sound mechanical anisotropy,which is generally unfavorable to the stability of underground *** investigate the strength anisotropy of layered rock,the Mohr-Coulomb and Hoek-Brown criteria are introduced to establish the two transverse isotropic strength criteria based on Jaeger's single weak plane theory and maximum axial strain theory,and parameter determination ***,the sensitivity of strength parameters(K 1,K 2,and K 3)that are used to characterize the anisotropy strength of non-sliding failure involved in the strength criteria and confining pressure are *** results demonstrate that strength parameters K 1 and K 2 affect the strength of layered rock samples at all bedding angles except for the bedding angle of 90°and the angle range that can cause the shear sliding failure along the bedding *** strength of samples at any bedding angle decreases with increasing K 1,whereas the opposite is for K *** for bedding angles of 0°and 90°and the bedding angle range that can cause the shear sliding along the bedding plane,K 3 has an impact on the strength of rock samples with other bedding angles that the specimens'strength increases with increase of K *** addition,the strength of the rock sample increases as confining pressure ***,the uniaxial and triaxial tests of chlorite schist samples were carried out to verify and evaluate the strength criteria proposed in the *** shows that the predicted strength is in good agreement with the experimental *** test the applicability of the strength criterion,the strength data of several types of rock in the literature are ***,a comparison is made between the fitting effects of the two strength criteria and other available criteria for layered rocks.

关键词： Layered rock Strength anisotropy Strength criterion Experimental verification

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Microdynamic mechanical properties and fracture evolution mechanism of monzogabbro with a true triaxial multilevel disturbance method

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2024年第3期34卷 385-411页

作者： Zhi Zheng Bin Deng Hong Liu Wei Wang Shuling Huang Shaojun Li State Key Laboratory of Featured Metal Materials and Life-cycle Safety for Composite Structures Key Laboratory of Disaster Prevention and Structural Safety of Ministry of EducationCollege of Civil Engineering and ArchitectureGuangxi UniversityNanning 530004China State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering Institute of Rock and Soil MechanicsChinese Academy of SciencesWuhan 430071China Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Geomechanics and Embankment Engineering Hohai UniversityNanjing 210098China Key Laboratory of Geotechnical Mechanics and Engineering of Ministry of Water Resources Changjiang River Scientific Research InstituteWuhan 430015China

The far-field microdynamic disturbance caused by the excavation of deep mineral resources and underground engineering can induce surrounding rock damage in high-stress conditions and even lead to ***,the mechanical properties and damage/fracture evolution mechanisms of deep rock induced by microdynamic disturbance under three-dimensional stress states are ***,a true triaxial multilevel disturbance test method is proposed,which can completely simulate natural geostress,excavation stress redistribution(such as stress unloading,concentration and rotation),and subsequently the microdynamic disturbance triggering damaged rock *** on a dynamic true triaxial test platform,true triaxial microdynamic disturbance tests under different frequency and amplitudes were carried out on *** results show that increasing amplitude or decreasing frequency diminishes the failure strength of *** modulus gradually decreases during disturbance *** frequency and amplitude increase,the degradation rate of deformation modulus decreases slightly,disturbance dissipated energy increases significantly,and disturbance deformation anisotropy strengthens obviously.A damage model has been proposed to quantitatively characterize the disturbance-induced damage evolution at different frequency and amplitude under true triaxial *** disturbance failure,the micro-tensile crack mechanism is dominant,and the micro-shear crack mechanism increases significantly at *** the increase of amplitude and frequency,the micro-shear crack mechanism *** approaching disturbance failure,the acoustic emission fractal dimension changes from a stable value to local large oscillation,and finally increases sharply to a high value at ***,the disturbance-induced failure mechanism of surrounding rock in deep engineering is clearly elucidated.

关键词： True triaxial disturbance test Mechanical properties Fracture evolution mechanism Disturbance-induced damage evolution Failure mechanism and precursor

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Optimizing profile line interval for enhanced accuracy in rock joint morphology and shear strength assessments

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2024年第5期34卷 587-608页

作者： Leibo Song Quan Jiang Shigui Du Jiamin Song Gang Wang Yanting Gu Xingkai Wang Jinzhong Wu School of Civil Engineering Shaoxing UniversityShaoxing 312000China Key Laboratory of Rock Mechanics and Geohazards of Zhejiang Province Shaoxing UniversityShaoxing 312000China State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering Institute of Rock and Soil MechanicsChinese Academy of SciencesWuhan 430071China Institute of Rock Mechanics Ningbo UniversityNingbo 315211China

2D profile lines play a critical role in cost-effectively evaluating rock joint properties and shear ***, the interval(ΔI_(L)) between these lines significantly impacts roughness and shear strength assessments. A detailed study of 45 joint samples using four statistical measures across 500 different ΔI_(L)values identified a clear line interval effect with two stages: stable and *** statistical analysis showed a linear relationship between the error bounds of four parameters,shear strength evaluation, and their corresponding maximum ΔI_(L)values, where the gradient k of this linear relationship was influenced by the basic friction angle and normal stress. Accounting for these factors,lower-limit linear models were employed to determine the optimal ΔI_(L)values that met error tolerances(1%–10%) for all metrics and shear strength. The study also explored the consistent size effect on joints regardless of ΔI_(L)changes, revealing three types of size effects based on morphological ***, larger joints required generally higher ΔI_(L)to maintain the predefined error limits, suggesting an increased interval for large joint analyses. Consequently, this research provides a basis for determining the optimal ΔI_(L), improving accuracy in 2D profile line assessments of joint characteristics.

关键词： Rock joint Roughness Shear strength Size effect Profile line interval effect

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A surrogate model for estimating rock stress by a hollow inclusion strain cell in a three-layer medium

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2025年第3期35卷 363-381页

作者： Changkun Qin Wusheng Zhao Weizhong Chen Peiyao Xie Shuai Zhou State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering Safety Institute of Rock and Soil MechanicsChinese Academy of SciencesWuhan 430071China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

Accurate acquisition of the rock stress is crucial for various rock engineering *** hollow inclusion (HI) technique is widely used for measuring in-situ rock *** technique calculates the stress tensor by measuring strain using an HI strain ***,existing analytical solutions for stress calculation based on an HI strain cell in a double-layer medium are not applicable when an HI strain cell is used in a three-layer medium,leading to erroneous stress *** address this issue,this paper presents a method for calculating stress tensors in a three-layer medium using numerical simulations,specifically by obtaining a constitutive matrix that relates strain measurements to stress tensors in a three-layer ***,using Latin hypercube sampling (LHS) and orthogonal experimental design strategies,764 groups of numerical models encompassing various stress measurement scenarios have been established and calculated using FLAC^(3D)***,a surrogate model based on artificial neural network (ANN) was developed to predict constitutive matrices,achieving a goodness of fit (R^(2)) of 0.999 and a mean squared error (MSE) of 1.254.A software program has been developed from this surrogate model for ease of use in practical engineering *** method’s accuracy was verified through numerical simulations,analytical solution and laboratory experiment,demonstrating its effectiveness in calculating stress in a three-layer *** surrogate model was applied to calculate mining-induced stress in the roadway roof rock of a coal mine,a typical case for stress measurement in a three-layer *** in stress calculations arising from the use of existing analytical solutions were *** study also highlights the significant errors associated with using double-layer analytical solutions in a three-layer medium,which could lead to inappropriate engineering design.

关键词： Stress measurement Over-coring stress relief method Three-layer medium Surrogate model Numerical simulation

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Study on Seepage Control Schemes and Their Effects in Typical Embankment Sections of the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River

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ce/papers 2025年第2期8卷 1941-1949页

作者： Chen, Jiaxin Pei, Yi Cui, Haodong Key Laboratory of Geotechnical Mechanics and Engineering of Ministry of Water Resources Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute Wuhan430010 China

Piping is one of the most common emergencies in the Yangtze River embankment defense system and poses a significant threat to the safety of the embankment. Based on historical data and field investigations, this study takes the piping in the Changsun Embankment section of the Huangzhou section of the Yangtze River as an example. Utilizing a three-dimensional seepage finite element model for calculation, this study compares and analyzes the impact of the failure and normal functioning of relief wells on the seepage field, conducting an effectiveness study of relief well measures. At the same time, under the condition of no anti-seepage system, a comparative analysis of the vertical permeability gradient under different relief well spacing and well mouth elevation is carried out, leading to the following conclusions: (1) The drainage and decompression effect of the relief well is greatly influenced by the spacing between relief wells;as the spacing increases, the decompression effect gradually decreases;(2) The lower the well mouth elevation of the relief well, the better the effect. An optimal layout plan for relief wells is proposed according to the characteristics of the emergency, which can provide a reference for the layout of relief wells in similar geological strata with piping emergencies. © 2025 Ernst & Sohn GmbH.

关键词： Seepage

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Morphological damage and strength deterioration of red sandstone under freeze-thaw cycles

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Journal of Rock mechanics and geotechnical engineering 2025年第2期17卷 671-687页

作者： Jincheng Wang Deshan Cui Qiong Chen Juxiang Chen Mingjie Dai Faculty of Engineering China University of GeosciencesWuhan430074China State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering Institute of Rock and Soil MechanicsChinese Academy of SciencesWuhan430071China

Insight into the growth of internal microstructure and surface morphology is critical for understanding the robustness of red sandstone artifacts in frigid *** freeze–thaw(F-T)cycles can exacerbate the surface deterioration of water-bearing sandstone,a series of investigation on fresh and weathered water-bearing sandstone samples with different F-T cycle numbers(i.e.0–100)is performed in this study,including three-dimensional(3D)laser scanning,scanning electron microscope(SEM)and computed tomography(CT)scanning tests,thermal property tests,Brazilian tests,and multi-field numerical *** results demonstrate that with increasing F-T cycles,the surface fractal dimension and specific surface area of red sandstone samples increase,and the pore size distribution inside rocks shifts from ultrananopores(10–100 nm)to micro-pores(0.1–100μm)and ultramicropores(100μm+).Spatially,the pores generated by the F-T cycles are more prominent near the surfaces of rock *** simulation indicates that the uneven pore distribution leads to surface *** 100 F-T cycles,the intergranular(IG)cement of the samples cracks,and the IG fractures are widened;eventually,due to the structural integrity weakening,the tensile strength is drastically reduced by over *** thermal properties of the water-saturated sandstone can be improved during the F-T cycles,and a strong coefficient of determination of 0.98 exists between the fractal dimensions of sandstone surface and the tensile *** assessing the mechanical properties of stone artifacts under F-T cycles,the morphological damage of red sandstone should first be investigated when in situ sampling is inappropriate.

关键词： Freezing-thawing cycles Red sandstone Pore structure Surface fractal dimension Computed tomography(CT)reconstruction

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Displacement-based back analysis of mitigating the effects of displacement loss in underground engineering

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Journal of Rock mechanics and geotechnical engineering 2023年第10期15卷 2626-2638页

作者： Hui Li Weizhong Chen Xianjun Tan State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering Institute of Rock and Soil MechanicsChinese Academy of SciencesWuhan430071China

Displacement-monitoring-based back analysis is a popular method for geomechanical parameter ***,due to the delayed installation of multi-point extensometers,the monitoring curve is only a part of the overall one,leading to displacement ***,the monitoring and construction time on the monitoring curve is difficult to *** the literature,the final displacement was selected for the back analysis,which could induce unreliable *** this paper,a displacement-based back analysis method to mitigate the influence of displacement loss is developed.A robust hybrid optimization algorithm is proposed as a substitute for time-consuming numerical *** integrates the strengths of the nonlinear mapping and prediction capability of the support vector machine(SVM)algorithm,the global searching and optimization characteristics of the optimized particle swarm optimization(OPSO)algorithm,and the nonlinear numerical simulation capability of *** avoid being trapped in the local optimum and to improve the efficiency of optimization,the standard PSO algorithm is improved and is compared with other three algorithms(genetic algorithm(GA),simulated annealing(SA),and standard PSO).The results indicate the superiority of OPSO ***,the hybrid optimization algorithm is applied to an engineering *** back-analyzed parameters are submitted to numerical analysis,and comparison between the calculated and monitoring displacement curve shows that this hybrid algorithm can offer a reasonable reference for geomechanical parameters estimation.

关键词： Rock mass Intelligent back analysis Geomechanical parameters Displacement loss Underground engineering

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Novel stacking models based on SMOTE for the prediction of rockburst grades at four deep gold mines

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Underground Space 2024年第6期19卷 169-188页

作者： Peng Xiao Zida Liu Guoyan Zhao Pengzhi Pan State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering Institute of Rock and Soil MechanicsChinese Academy of SciencesWuhan 430071China School of Resources and Safety Engineering Central South UniversityChangsha 410083China

Rockburst is a frequently encountered hazard during the production of deep gold *** prediction of rockburst is an important measure to prevent rockburst in gold *** study considers seven indicators to evaluate rockburst at four deep gold *** research and rock tests were performed at two gold mines in China to collect these seven indicators and rockburst *** collected database was oversampled by the synthetic minority oversampling technique(SMOTE)to balance the categories of rockburst *** models combining tree-based models and logistic regression(LR)were established by the balanced *** datasets from another two deep gold mines were implemented to verify the applicability of the predictive *** stacking model combining extremely randomized trees and LR based on SMOTE(SMOTE-ERT-LR)was the best model,and it obtained a training accuracy of 100%and an evaluation accuracy of 100%.Moreover,model evaluation suggested that SMOTE can enhance the prediction performance for weak rockburst,thereby improving the overall ***,sensitivity analysis was performed for *** results indicated that the SMOTE-ERT-LR model can achieve satisfactory performance when only depth,maximum tangential stress index,and linear elastic energy index were available.

关键词： Rockburst prediction Gold mine Stacking model SMOTE

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