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arXiv 2023年

作者： Li, Depeng Wang, Tianqi Xu, Bingrong Kawaguchi, Kenji Zeng, Zhigang Suganthan, Ponnuthurai Nagaratnam The School of Artificial Intelligence and Automation The Institute of Artificial Intelligence Huazhong University of Science and Technology The Key Laboratory of Image Processing and Intelligent Control Education Ministry of China Wuhan430074 China The School of Automation Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan430070 China The School of Computing National University of Singapore 117417 Singapore The School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Nanyang Technological University Singapore639798 Singapore The KINDI Center for Computing Research College of Engineering Qatar University Doha Qatar

Continual learning can incrementally absorb new concepts without interfering with previously learned knowledge. Motivated by the characteristics of neural networks, in which information is stored in weights on connections, we investigated how to design an Innately Forgetting-Free Network (IF2Net) for continual learning context. This study proposed a straightforward yet effective learning paradigm by ingeniously keeping the weights relative to each seen task untouched before and after learning a new task. We first presented the novel representation-level learning on task sequences with random weights. This technique refers to tweaking the drifted representations caused by randomization back to their separate task-optimal working states, but the involved weights are frozen and reused (opposite to well-known layer-wise updates of weights). Then, sequential decision-making without forgetting can be achieved by projecting the output weight updates into the parsimonious orthogonal space, making the adaptations not disturb old knowledge while maintaining model plasticity. IF2Net allows a single network to inherently learn unlimited mapping rules without telling task identities at test time by integrating the respective strengths of randomization and orthogonalization. We validated the effectiveness of our approach in the extensive theoretical analysis and empirical study. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Decision making

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Real-time Multi-person Eyeblink Detection in the Wild for Untrimmed Video

Real-time Multi-person Eyeblink Detection in the Wild for Un...

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Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR)

作者： Wenzheng Zeng Yang Xiao Sicheng Wei Jinfang Gan Xintao Zhang Zhiguo Cao Zhiwen Fang Joey Tianyi Zhou Key Laboratory of Image Processing and Intelligent Control Ministry of Education School of Artificial Intelligence and Automation Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China School of Biomedical Engineering Southern Medical University Guangzhou China Department of Rehabilitation Medicine Zhujiang Hospital Southern Medical University Guangzhou China Centre for Frontier AI Research Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR) Singapore Institute of High Performance Computing Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR) Singapore

Real-time eyeblink detection in the wild can widely serve for fatigue detection, face anti-spoofing, emotion analysis, etc. The existing research efforts generally focus on single-person cases towards trimmed video. However, multi-person scenario within untrimmed videos is also important for practical applications, which has not been well concerned yet. To address this, we shed light on this research field for the first time with essential contributions on dataset, theory, and practices. In particular, a large-scale dataset termed MPEblink that involves 686 untrimmed videos with 8748 eyeblink events is proposed under multi-person conditions. The samples are captured from uncon-strainedfilms to reveal “in the wild“ characteristics. Meanwhile, a real-time multi-person eyeblink detection method is also proposed. Being different from the existing counter-parts, our proposition runs in a one-stage spatio-temporal way with end-to-end learning capacity. Specifically, it simultaneously addresses the sub-tasks of face detection, face tracking, and human instance-level eyeblink detection. This paradigm holds 2 main advantages: (1) eyeblink features can be facilitated via the face's global context (e.g., head pose and illumination condition) with joint optimization and interaction, and (2) addressing these sub-tasks in parallel instead of sequential manner can save time remarkably to meet the real-time running requirement. Experiments on MPEblink verify the essential challenges of real-time multi-person eyeblink detection in the wild for untrimmed video. Our method also outperforms existing approaches by large margins and with a high inference speed.

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Cross-receptive Focused Inference Network for Lightweight image Super-Resolution

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Li, Wenjie Li, Juncheng Gao, Guangwei Deng, Weihong Zhou, Jiantao Yang, Jian Qi, Guo-Jun The Intelligent Visual Information Perception Laboratory Institute of Advanced Technology Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications Nanjing210046 China The Provincial Key Laboratory for Computer Information Processing Technology Soochow University Suzhou215006 China The School of Communication and Information Engineering Shanghai University Shanghai200444 China Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Image and Video Understanding for Social Safety Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing210094 China The Pattern Recognition and Intelligent System Laboratory School of Artificial Intelligence Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications Beijing100876 China The State Key Laboratory of Internet of Things for Smart City Department of Computer and Information Science Faculty of Science and Technology University of Macau 999078 China The School of Computer Science and Technology Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing210094 China The Research Center for Industries of the Future The School of Engineering Westlake University Hangzhou310024 China OPPO Research SeattleWA98101 United States

Recently, Transformer-based methods have shown impressive performance in single image super-resolution (SISR) tasks due to the ability of global feature extraction. However, the capabilities of Transformers that need to incorporate contextual information to extract features dynamically are neglected. To address this issue, we propose a lightweight Cross-receptive Focused Inference Network (CFIN) that consists of a cascade of CT Blocks mixed with CNN and Transformer. Specifically, in the CT block, we first propose a CNN-based Cross-Scale Information Aggregation Module (CIAM) to enable the model to better focus on potentially helpful information to improve the efficiency of the Transformer phase. Then, we design a novel Cross-receptive Field Guided Transformer (CFGT) to enable the selection of contextual information required for reconstruction by using a modulated convolutional kernel that understands the current semantic information and exploits the information interaction within different self-attention. Extensive experiments have shown that our proposed CFIN can effectively reconstruct images using contextual information, and it can strike a good balance between computational cost and model performance as an efficient model. Source codes will be available at https://***/IVIPLab/CFIN. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Semantics

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An Evolutionary Real-Time 3D Route Planner for Aircraft

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Chinese Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics 2003年第1期000卷

A novel evolutionary route planner for aircraft is proposed in this paper. In the new planner, individual candidates are evaluated with respect to the workspace, thus the computation of the configuration space is not required. By using problem-specific chromosome structure and genetic operators, the routes are generated in real time,with different mission constraints such as minimum route leg length and flying altitude, maximum turning angle, maximum climbing/diving angle and route distance constraint taken into account.

关键词： Evolutionary computation Route planning Route constraints Real time Aircraft

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A deep learning-based remaining useful life prediction approach for bearings

arXiv

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arXiv 2018年

作者： Cheng, Cheng Ma, Guijun Zhang, Yong Sun, Mingyang Teng, Fei Ding, Han Yuan, Ye The Key Laboratory of Image Processing and Intelligent Control School of Artificial Intelligence and Automation Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan430074 China The State Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and Technology Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan430074 China The School of Mechanical Science and Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan430074 China School of Information Science and Engineering Wuhan University of Science and Technology Wuhan430081 China The College of Control Science and Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou310007 China The Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering Imperial College London LondonSW7 2AZ United Kingdom

In industrial applications, nearly half the failures of motors are caused by the degradation of rolling element bearings (REBs). Therefore, accurately estimating the remaining useful life (RUL) for REBs is of crucial importance to ensure the reliability and safety of mechanical systems. To tackle this challenge, model-based approaches are limited by the complexity of mathematical modeling. Conventional data-driven approaches, on the other hand, require massive efforts to extract the degradation features and construct the health index. In this paper, a novel data-driven framework is proposed to exploit the adoption of deep convolutional neural networks (CNN) in predicting the RULs of bearings. More concretely, raw vibrations of training bearings are first processed using the Hilbert-Huang transform to construct a novel nonlinear degradation energy indicator which can be used as the training label. The CNN is then employed to identify the hidden pattern between the extracted degradation energy indicator and the raw vibrations of training bearings, which makes it possible to estimate the degradation of the test bearings automatically. Finally, testing bearings’ RULs are predicted through using a ǫ-support vector regression model. The superior performance of the proposed RUL estimation framework, compared with the state-of-the-art approaches, is demonstrated through the experimental results. The generality of the proposed CNN model is also validated by performance test on other bearings undergoing different operating conditions. Copyright © 2018, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Hilbert-Huang transform

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Msnoa-Catboost: A Novel Pan-Cancer Diagnosis Model with Feature Subset Selection and Hyperparameter Optimization

SSRN

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Xiao, Tianyun Zhang, Zichen Kong, Shanshan Liu, Fengchun Yang, Aimin Hebei Key Laboratory of Data Science and Application North China University of Science and Technology Hebei Tangshan063210 China The Key Laboratory of Engineering Computing in Tangshan City North China University of Science and Technology Hebei Tangshan063210 China College of Science North China University of Science and Technology Hebei Tangshan063210 China Hebei Engineering Research Center for the Intelligentization of Iron Ore Optimization and Ironmaking Raw Materials Preparation Processes North China University of Science and Technology Hebei Tangshan China Tangshan Intelligent Industry and Image Processing Technology Innovation Center North China University of Science and Technology Hebei Tangshan China

Cancer, as a global epidemic disease, remains a significant threat to human life and health. Prevention and early diagnosis are widely recognized as effective ways to tackle cancer. With the development of big data technology, many data-driven cancer diagnosis models have been proposed. However, the accuracy and generalization ability of existing models often fail to meet practical application needs. In order to address these challenges, this paper proposes a novel and improved protocol for high-precision pan-cancer diagnosis based on five publicly available cancer datasets from the UCI database and Kaggle, covering different cancer types such as breast, lung, and glioma. To achieve feature subset selection and hyperparameter optimization, we first introduce the nutcracker optimization algorithm (NOA), and improve it by using a multi-strategy method (MSNOA) to enhance optimization performance and efficiency. In the comparative experiment phase, we compare several popular machine learning models and identify MSNOA-CatBoost as the proposed model. The experimental results show that MSNOA-CatBoost improves the accuracy of the five datasets by an average of 9.12% compared to the baseline optimal model, and outperforms existing models in terms of performance. In summary, this study presents a promising approach to achieving high-precision pan-cancer diagnosis by leveraging the power of big data and advanced machine learning techniques. The proposed MSNOA-CatBoost model shows remarkable performance improvement over existing models, and has the potential to be applied in clinical practice for cancer diagnosis and treatment planning. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Optimization

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EEG-Based Brain-Computer Interfaces Are Vulnerable to Backdoor Attacks

arXiv

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Meng, Lubin Huang, Jian Zeng, Zhigang Jiang, Xue Yu, Shan Jung, Tzyy-Ping Lin, Chin-Teng Chavarriaga, Ricardo Wu, Dongrui Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Image Processing and Intelligent Control School of Artificial Intelligence and Automation Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China Brainnetome Center National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition Institute of Automation Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China La Jolla CA United States Center for Advanced Neurological Engineering Institute of Engineering in Medicine Ucsd La Jolla CA United States Centre of Artificial Intelligence Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology University of Technology Sydney Australia Zhaw DataLab Zürich University of Applied Sciences Winterthur8401 Switzerland

Research and development of electroencephalogram (EEG) based brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) have advanced rapidly, partly due to deeper understanding of the brain and wide adoption of sophisticated machine learning approaches for decoding the EEG signals. However, recent studies have shown that machine learning algorithms are vulnerable to adversarial attacks. This article proposes to use narrow period pulse for poisoning attack of EEG-based BCIs, which is implementable in practice and has never been considered before. One can create dangerous backdoors in the machine learning model by injecting poisoning samples into the training set. Test samples with the backdoor key will then be classified into the target class specified by the attacker. What most distinguishes our approach from previous ones is that the backdoor key does not need to be synchronized with the EEG trials, making it very easy to implement. The effectiveness and robustness of the backdoor attack approach is demonstrated, highlighting a critical security concern for EEG-based BCIs and calling for urgent attention to address it. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Electroencephalography

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Protecting privacy of users in brain-computer interface applications

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2019年

作者： Agarwal, Anisha Dowsley, Rafael McKinney, Nicholas D. Wu, Dongrui Lin, Chin-Teng De Cock, Martine Nascimento, Anderson C.A. School of Engineering and Technology University of Washington TacomaWA98402 United States Department of Computer Science Bar-Ilan University Israel School of Engineering and Technology University of Washington TacomaWA98402 United States Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Image Processing and Intelligent Control School of Automation Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China School of Software University of Technology Sydney Australia Department of Applied Mathematics Computer Science and Statistics Ghent University Ghent9000 Belgium

Machine learning (ML) is revolutionizing research and industry. Many ML applications rely on the use of large amounts of personal data for training and inference. Among the most intimate exploited data sources is electroencephalogram (EEG) data, a kind of data that is so rich with information that application developers can easily gain knowledge beyond the professed scope from unprotected EEG signals, including passwords, ATM PINs, and other intimate data. The challenge we address is how to engage in meaningful ML with EEG data while protecting the privacy of users. Hence, we propose cryptographic protocols based on Secure Multiparty Computation (SMC) to perform linear regression over EEG signals from many users in a fully privacy-preserving (PP) fashion, i.e. such that each individual's EEG signals are not revealed to anyone else. To illustrate the potential of our secure framework, we show how it allows estimating the drowsiness of drivers from their EEG signals as would be possible in the unencrypted case, and at a very reasonable computational cost. Our solution is the first application of commodity-based SMC to EEG data, as well as the largest documented experiment of secret sharing based SMC in general, namely with 15 players involved in all the computations. Copyright © 2019, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Machine learning

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Optimizing Neural Network image Classification with Fractional Order Gradient Methods

SSRN

引用

SSRN 2023年

作者： Zhao, Haiming Chen, Jiejie Jiang, Ping Zeng, Zhigang Fan, Rui Yang, Honggang School of Computer and Information Engineering Hubei Normal University Huangshi435000 China School of Automation Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan430000 China School of Computer Hubei PolyTechnic University Huangshi435000 China Faculty of Artificial Intelligence Education Central China Normal University Wuhan430000 China School of Artificial Intelligence and Automation Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan430000 China Key Laboratory of Image Information Processing and Intelligent Control Ministry of Education of China Wuhan430000 China

As deep learning technology increasingly permeates various fields, the significance of optimization algorithms in neural network training has become more prominent. Typically, the training of deep learning networks relies on gradient descent optimizers based on calculus computations. Traditional integer-order calculus optimizers often fall short when dealing with complex and subtle data. To overcome these limitations, we innovatively utilized the Grünwald-Letnikov and Caputo definitions of fractional calculus to develop two new optimization algorithms: Fractional Order Adagrad (FAdagrad) and Fractional Order Adam (FAdam). These algorithms have been proven to converge to extremal points.A key advantage of our methods is their capability in handling complex, high-dimensional tasks, such as artistic painting image classification, where they exhibit exceptional performance in recognizing and processing subtle differences. The robustness and adaptability of these algorithms were further validated through experiments on the CIFAR-100 dataset. The results demonstrate the efficacy of fractional order optimizers in enhancing training efficiency and accuracy. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： image classification

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EEG-Based Brain-Computer Interfaces Are Vulnerable to Backdoor Attacks

Research Square

引用

Research Square 2021年

作者： Meng, Lubin Huang, Jian Zeng, Zhigang Jiang, Xue Yu, Shan Jung, Tzyy-Ping Lin, Chin-Teng Chavarriaga, Ricardo Wu, Dongrui Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Image Processing and Intelligent Control School of Artificial Intelligence and Automation Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China Brainnetome Center and National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition Institute of Automation Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China La Jolla CA United States Center for Advanced Neurological Engineering Institute of Engineering in Medicine UCSD La Jolla CA United States Centre of Artificial Intelligence Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology University of Technology Sydney Australia ZHAW DataLab Zürich University of Applied Sciences Winterthur8401 Switzerland

Research and development of electroencephalogram (EEG) based brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) have advanced rapidly, partly due to the wide adoption of sophisticated machine learning approaches for decoding the EEG signals. However, recent studies have shown that machine learning algorithms are vulnerable to adversarial attacks, e.g., the attacker can add tiny adversarial perturbations to a test sample to fool the model, or poison the training data to insert a secret backdoor. Previous research has shown that adversarial attacks are also possible for EEG-based BCIs. However, only adversarial perturbations have been considered, and the approaches are theoretically sound but very difficult to implement in practice. This article proposes to use narrow period pulse for poisoning attack of EEG-based BCIs, which is more feasible in practice and has never been considered before. One can create dangerous backdoors in the machine learning model by injecting poisoning samples into the training set. Test samples with the backdoor key will then be classified into the target class specified by the attacker. What most distinguishes our approach from previous ones is that the backdoor key does not need to be synchronized with the EEG trials, making it very easy to implement. The effectiveness and robustness of the backdoor attack approach is demonstrated, highlighting a critical security concern for EEG-based BCIs. © 2021, CC BY.

关键词： Electroencephalography

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