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Learning tubule-sensitive CNNs for pulmonary airway and artery-vein segmentation in CT

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Qin, Yulei Zheng, Hao Gu, Yun Huang, Xiaolin Yang, Jie Wang, Lihui Yao, Feng Zhu, Yue-Min Yang, Guang-Zhong Institute of Image Processing and Pattern Recognition Institute of Medical Robotics Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China Key Laboratory of Intelligent Medical Image Analysis and Precise Diagnosis of Guizhou Province School of Computer Science and Technology Guizhou University Guiyang China Department of Thoracic Surgery Shanghai Chest Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China Université de Lyon INSA Lyon CREATIS CNRS INSERM UMR 5220 VilleurbanneU1206 France Institute of Medical Robotics School of Biomedical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China

Training convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for segmentation of pulmonary airway, artery, and vein is challenging due to sparse supervisory signals caused by the severe class imbalance between tubular targets and background. We present a CNNs-based method for accurate airway and artery-vein segmentation in non-contrast computed tomography. It enjoys superior sensitivity to tenuous peripheral bronchioles, arterioles, and venules. The method first uses a feature recalibration module to make the best use of features learned from the neural networks. Spatial information of features is properly integrated to retain relative priority of activated regions, which benefits the subsequent channel-wise recalibration. Then, attention distillation module is introduced to reinforce representation learning of tubular objects. Fine-grained details in high-resolution attention maps are passing down from one layer to its previous layer recursively to enrich context. Anatomy prior of lung context map and distance transform map is designed and incorporated for better artery-vein differentiation capacity. Extensive experiments demonstrated considerable performance gains brought by these components. Compared with state-of-the-art methods, our method extracted much more branches while maintaining competitive overall segmentation performance. Codes and models are available at http://***/News/56. © 2020, CC BY.

关键词： Computerized tomography

Sparse weighted naive bayes classifier for efficient classification of categorical data 3

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Sparse weighted naive bayes classifier for efficient classif...

3rd IEEE International Conference on Data Science in Cyberspace, DSC 2018

作者： Zheng, Zhuoyuan Cai, Yunpeng Yang, Yujie Li, Ye Guangxi Key Laboratory of Trusted Software Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Lab. of Intelligent Processing of Computer Images and Graphics Guilin University of Electronic Technology Guilin541004 China Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology Key Laboratory for Biomedical Informatics and Health Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen518055 China

ISBN: (纸本)9781538642108

Feature selection has become a key challenge in machine learning with the rapid growth of data size in real-world applications. However, existing feature selection methods mainly focus on numeric data, which will lead to quality loss when handling classification problems involving categorical variables. In this paper, we proposed an improvement of Bayesian Classifier with the sparse regression technology. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first attempt to extend sparse regression for directly process of categorical variables. We implemented the idea for the case of weighted naive Bayes classifier. The introduction of L1 regularized learning ensures the algorithm to retain only a minimal subset of variables for model building, while at the same time achieves a near-optimal decision hyper-plane, which leads to excellent performance in case of high dimensional or small sample size situations. We carried out benchmark test on five UCI benchmark categorical data sets, which proved that the proposed algorithm have competitive performances over the original weighted naive bayes classifier and several state-of-the-art feature selection methods including L1 logistic regression and SVM-RFE. © 2018 IEEE.

关键词： Feature Selection

Multi-task deep learning with dynamic programming for embryo early development stage classification from time-lapse videos

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arXiv 2019年

作者： Liu, Zihan Huang, Bo Cui, Yuqi Xu, Yifan Zhang, Bo Zhu, Lixia Wang, Yang Jin, Lei Wu, Dongrui Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Image Processing and Intelligent Control School of Artificial Intelligence and Automation Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan430074 China Reproductive Medicine Center Huazhong University of Science and Technology Tongji Hospital Wuhan430074 China

Time-lapse is a technology used to record the development of embryos during in-vitro fertilization (IVF). Accurate classification of embryo early development stages can provide embryologists valuable information for assessing the embryo quality, and hence is critical to the success of IVF. This paper proposes a multi-task deep learning with dynamic programming (MTDL-DP) approach for this purpose. It first uses MTDL to pre-classify each frame in the time-lapse video to an embryo development stage, and then DP to optimize the stage sequence so that the stage number is monotonically non-decreasing, which usually holds in practice. Different MTDL frameworks, e.g., oneto-many, many-to-one, and many-to-many, are investigated. It is shown that the one-to-many MTDL framework achieved the best compromise between performance and computational cost. To our knowledge, this is the first study that applies MTDL to embryo early development stage classification from time-lapse videos. Copyright © 2019, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Deep learning

An improved artificial bee colony algorithm and its taguchi analysis 1

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13th International Conference on Bio-Inspired Computing: Theories and Applications, BIC-TA 2018

作者： Ni, Yudong Li, Yuanyuan Shen, Yindong School of Mathematics Hefei University of Technology Hefei230009 China School of Automation Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan430074 China Key Laboratory of Education Ministry for Image Processing and Intelligent Control Wuhan430074 China

ISBN: (数字)9789811328299

ISBN: (纸本)9789811328282

The artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm is one of well-known evolutionary algorithms, which has been successfully applied to many continuous or combinatorial optimization problems. To increase further its convergence speed and avoid being trapped in local optimum, this paper proposes an improved ABC algorithm (IABC), which aims to enhance diversification of search at each stage of the ABC algorithm. Firstly, a chaotic mapping rule is established by introducing a chaos operator into the initial position generation rules in order to ensure the ergodicity of initial positions. Then, an isometric contraction parallel search rule is devised, based on which a neighborhood search on initial positions is performed to enhance the convergence speed and the local search ability. Next, a parallel selection strategy is developed by using roulette and reverse roulette simultaneously, which allows selecting poor positions to escape from local optimum. Meanwhile, a global updating mechanism based on gravitational potential field is developed, which can guide the rejection and generation of positions to accelerate the convergence of the algorithm. The computational results show that the IABC can improve the convergence speed and solution quality without falling into the local optimum prematurely. Finally, a further analysis on the IABC is conducted using the Taguchi method, which focuses on the factor level setting related to the following key factors: chaotic mapping rules in the initial position generation rules, isometric contraction parallel search rules, parallel selection strategies and the update threshold in the global updating mechanism. The results display that the optimal combination of factor levels has been achieved in the IABC. © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2018.

关键词： Taguchi methods

Refrigerant capacity detection of dehumidifier based on time series and neural networks 1

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13th International Conference on Bio-Inspired Computing: Theories and Applications, BIC-TA 2018

作者： Peng, Gang Yang, Zuhuang Wang, Min School of Automation Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan430074 China Key Laboratory of Image Processing and Intelligent Control of Education Ministry Wuhan China Shenzhen Institute Huazhong University of Science and Technology Shenzhen518060 China

ISBN: (数字)9789811328299

ISBN: (纸本)9789811328282

Refrigerant leakage is common in the use of dehumidifier, leading to decrease of dehumidification ability. To detect refrigerant capacity effectively and maintain it timely, a neural network with deep learning skills was proposed based on time series. As input of networks, the time series consists of the operating parameters of the dehumidifier at multiple time points. To determine the refrigerant capacity, the proposed method combines the outputs on the neural networks of all the time series examples in a single run of dehumidifier. As the result suggests, the proposed method is capable of detecting the refrigerant capacity with a low missing rate and high accuracy, which improves the maintenance mechanism of the dehumidifier and is of great significance to ensuring a comfortable air environment for user. © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2018.

关键词： Time series

Universal Adversarial Perturbations for CNN Classifiers in EEG-Based BCIs

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arXiv 2019年

作者： Liu, Zihan Meng, Lubin Zhang, Xiao Fang, Weili Wu, Dongrui Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Image Processing and Intelligent Control School of Artificial Intelligence and Automation Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan430074 China School of Design and Environment National University of Singapore 117566 Singapore Zhejiang Lab Hangzhou311121 China

Multiple convolutional neural network (CNN) classifiers have been proposed for electroencephalogram (EEG) based brain-computer interfaces (BCIs). However, CNN models have been found vulnerable to universal adversarial perturbations (UAPs), which are small and example-independent, yet powerful enough to degrade the performance of a CNN model, when added to a benign example. This paper proposes a novel total loss minimization (TLM) approach to generate UAPs for EEG-based BCIs. Experimental results demonstrated the effectiveness of TLM on three popular CNN classifiers for both target and non-target attacks. We also verified the transferability of UAPs in EEG-based BCI systems. To our knowledge, this is the first study on UAPs of CNN classifiers in EEG-based BCIs. UAPs are easy to construct, and can attack BCIs in real-time, exposing a potentially critical security concern of BCIs. Copyright © 2019, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Electroencephalography

Micro Channel for Analyzing Mechanical Adaption of Cancer Cell

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Micro Channel for Analyzing Mechanical Adaption of Cancer Ce...

IEEE International Conference on Cyborg and Bionic Systems (CBS)

作者： Pengyun Li Xiaoming Liu Xiaoqing Tang Masaru Kojima Jian Huang Qiang Huang Tatsuo Arai Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Intelligent Robots and Systems and the Intelligent Robotics Institute School of Mechatronical Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing China Osaka University 1-3 Machikaneyama Toyonaka Osaka Japan Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Image Processing and Intelligent Control the School of Artificial Intelligence and Automation Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China

ISBN: (数字)9781728150734

ISBN: (纸本)9781728150741

It was reported that cancer cells could biologically respond and adapt to the confined environment during migration in extracellular matrix (ECM). But it is not clearly studied that how cancer cells respond and adapt to confined environment in mechanical way. Thus, in this study, we designed and fabricated a kind of one-layer micro channel to mimic confined environment for analyzing mechanical adaption of cell. This micro channel could apply sequential mechanical stresses on a number of cells with high throughput, and the time of cells passing through five rows of micro channels were used to evaluate their adaptability to the sequential and confined space. In experiments, each cell suffered 20 times of mechanical stresses after passing through 20 squeezing channels arranged in 5 rows. We observed the sequential squeezing processes under microscope and investigated the passing time using a high-speed camera. The preliminary results indicated that cancer cells could pass through and adapt to the confined environment faster than normal cells.

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EEG-Based Brain-Computer Interfaces Are Vulnerable to Backdoor Attacks

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Meng, Lubin Huang, Jian Zeng, Zhigang Jiang, Xue Yu, Shan Jung, Tzyy-Ping Lin, Chin-Teng Chavarriaga, Ricardo Wu, Dongrui Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Image Processing and Intelligent Control School of Artificial Intelligence and Automation Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China Brainnetome Center National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition Institute of Automation Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China La Jolla CA United States Center for Advanced Neurological Engineering Institute of Engineering in Medicine Ucsd La Jolla CA United States Centre of Artificial Intelligence Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology University of Technology Sydney Australia Zhaw DataLab Zürich University of Applied Sciences Winterthur8401 Switzerland

Research and development of electroencephalogram (EEG) based brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) have advanced rapidly, partly due to deeper understanding of the brain and wide adoption of sophisticated machine learning approaches for decoding the EEG signals. However, recent studies have shown that machine learning algorithms are vulnerable to adversarial attacks. This article proposes to use narrow period pulse for poisoning attack of EEG-based BCIs, which is implementable in practice and has never been considered before. One can create dangerous backdoors in the machine learning model by injecting poisoning samples into the training set. Test samples with the backdoor key will then be classified into the target class specified by the attacker. What most distinguishes our approach from previous ones is that the backdoor key does not need to be synchronized with the EEG trials, making it very easy to implement. The effectiveness and robustness of the backdoor attack approach is demonstrated, highlighting a critical security concern for EEG-based BCIs and calling for urgent attention to address it. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Electroencephalography

A Wearable Finger Exoskeleton Based on the Crank-Rocker Mechanism for Rehabilitation 29

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A Wearable Finger Exoskeleton Based on the Crank-Rocker Mech...

29th International Symposium on Micro-NanoMechatronics and Human Science, MHS 2018

作者： Ke, Ang Huang, Jian Chen, Luyao He, Jiping Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Image Processing and Intelligent Control School of Automation Huazhong University of Science and Technology Luoyu Road 1037 Wuhan Hubei China Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Intelligent Robots and Systems Beijing Institute of Technology 5 South Zhongguancun Street Beijing China

ISBN: (纸本)9781538667927

Rehabilitation of the grasp function of hands is critical for improving the quality of living for those who suffer from lost or weakened hand abilities due to neuromuscular disease. Current finger rehabilitation devices usually need a complex mechanical structure or a larger actuation system, which reduce the portability of the devices for daily living rehabilitation. In this work, we introduced the developing an ultra-light integrated modular finger exoskeleton that driven by a crank-rocker mechanism. The actuator for each joint is directly assembled at each joint by simplifying the structure design, which makes the device portable for patients. All of the parts are manufactured by 3D printing thus to reduce the initial moment of the whole device, the actuator we used is also the ultra-light server motor. The weight of the whole device is just about 60g (including 3 actuators). We analysised the kinematic of the exoskeleton, then a real-Time embedded position tracking control algorithm is implemented on an Arduino board, which is used as the controller. Experimental results show that our device is capable of both positive and active training for finger habilitation. © 2018 IEEE.

关键词： Actuators