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Physics-driven deep learning photoacoustic tomography

Fundamental Research 2025年

作者： Shen, Kang Niu, Kuo Liu, Songde Paulus, Yannis M. Jiang, Xiaohua Tian, Chao Department of Anesthesia The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC Division of Life Sciences and Medicine University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China Institute of Artificial Intelligence Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center School of Engineering Science Hefei 230088 China School of Engineering Science University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences University of Michigan Ann Arbor 48105 United States Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Michigan Ann Arbor 48105 United States Center for Reproduction and Genetics Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC Division of Life Sciences and Medicine University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging and Intelligent Processing Institute of Artificial Intelligence Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center Hefei 230088 China

Photoacoustic tomography (PAT) is a rapidly emerging biomedical imaging modality. To achieve high-performance imaging, signal acquisition in PAT should ideally meet conditions such as full-view detection and dense sampling. However, these circumstances are rarely met in reality, leading to the ill-posed problem of image reconstruction from incomplete projections. Here we propose a physics-driven deep learning-based filtered back projection (dFBP) framework to address this important challenge. The dFBP network is inspired and constructed based on the physical model of the analytical filtered back projection algorithm and consists of a filtering module, a back-projection module, and a fusion module connected in cascade. The dFBP network is driven by physics and is thus interpretable and easy to train while being highly robust and versatile. Numerical and experimental validation on animals and humans show that dFBP-based PAT can achieve direct signal-to-image transformation with enhanced accuracy and reconstruct high-quality, artifact-suppressed images from sparse-view, limited-view, and acoustic heterogeneity-contaminated projections. The proposed dFBP provides a practical solution for high-performance PAT imaging under non-ideal conditions. © 2024

关键词： Deep learning Filtered back projection Image reconstruction Incomplete projections Photoacoustic tomography

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Relevant Region Prediction for Crowd Counting

arXiv

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Chen, Xinya Bin, Yanrui Gao, Changxin Sang, Nong Tang, Hao Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Image Processing and Intelligent Control School of Artificial Intelligence and Automation Huazhong University of Science and Technology Department of Information Engineering and Computer Science University of Trento

Crowd counting is a concerned and challenging task in computer vision. Existing density map based methods excessively focus on the individuals’ localization which harms the crowd counting performance in highly congested scenes. In addition, the dependency between the regions of different density is also ignored. In this paper, we propose Relevant Region Prediction (RRP) for crowd counting, which consists of the Count Map and the Region Relation-Aware Module (RRAM). Each pixel in the count map represents the number of heads falling into the corresponding local area in the input image, which discards the detailed spatial information and forces the network pay more attention to counting rather than localizing individuals. Based on the Graph Convolutional Network (GCN), Region Relation-Aware Module is proposed to capture and exploit the important region dependency. The module builds a fully connected directed graph between the regions of different density where each node (region) is represented by weighted global pooled feature, and GCN is learned to map this region graph to a set of relation-aware regions representations. Experimental results on three datasets show that our method obviously outperforms other existing state-of-the-art methods. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Directed graphs

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Do not disturb me: Person re-identification under the interference of other pedestrians

arXiv

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Zhao, Shizhen Gao, Changxin Zhang, Jun Cheng, Hao Han, Chuchu Jiang, Xinyang Guo, Xiaowei Zheng, Wei-Shi Sang, Nong Sun, Xing Key Laboratory of Image Processing and Intelligent Control School of Artificial Intelligence and Automation Huazhong University of Science and Technology China Tencent Youtu Lab Sun Yat-sen University China

In the conventional person Re-ID setting, it is widely assumed that cropped person images are for each individual. However, in a crowded scene, off-shelf-detectors may generate bounding boxes involving multiple people, where the large proportion of background pedestrians or human occlusion exists. The representation extracted from such cropped images, which contain both the target and the interference pedestrians, might include distractive information. This will lead to wrong retrieval results. To address this problem, this paper presents a novel deep network termed Pedestrian-Interference Suppression Network (PISNet). PISNet leverages a Query-Guided Attention Block (QGAB) to enhance the feature of the target in the gallery, under the guidance of the query. Furthermore, the involving Guidance Reversed Attention Module and the Multi-Person Separation Loss promote QGAB to suppress the interference of other pedestrians. Our method is evaluated on two new pedestrian-interference datasets and the results show that the proposed method performs favorably against existing Re-ID methods. Our project is available at https://***/X-BrainLab/PI-ReID. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Machine learning

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Calibration of the internal and external parameters of wheeled robot mobile chasses and inertial measurement units based on nonlinear optimization

arXiv

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Peng, Gang Lu, Zezao Tan, Zejie He, Dingxin Li, Xinde Key Laboratory of Image Processing and Intelligent Control Ministry of Education School of Artificial Intelligence and Automation Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan School of Automation South East University Nanjing

Mobile robot positioning, mapping, and navigation systems generally employ an inertial measurement unit (IMU) to obtain the acceleration and angular velocity of the robot. However, errors in the internal and external parameters of an IMU arising from defective calibration directly affect the accuracy of robot positioning and pose estimation. While this issue has been addressed by the mature internal reference calibration methods available for IMUs, external reference calibration methods between the IMU and the chassis of a mobile robot are lacking. This study addresses this issue by proposing a novel chassis-IMU internal and external parameter calibration algorithm based on nonlinear optimization, which is designed for robots equipped with cameras, IMUs, and wheel speed odometers, and functions under the premise of accurate calibrations for the internal parameters of the IMU and the internal and external parameters of the camera. All of the internal and external reference calibrations are conducted using the robot's existing equipment without the need for additional calibration aids. The feasibility of the method is verified by its application to a Mecanum wheel omnidirectional mobile platform as an example, as well as suitable for other type chassis of mobile robots. The proposed calibration method is thereby demonstrated to guarantee the accuracy of robot pose estimation. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Mobile robots

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High Confidence Tracking with Offline Historical Learning and Online Correlation Filter Updating

High Confidence Tracking with Offline Historical Learning an...

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作者： Shou-dong HAN Hong-wei WANG Xin-xin XIA Key Laboratory of Image Processing and Intelligent Control Ministry of Education School of Artificial Intelligence and Automation Huazhong University of Science and Technology Research Institute of Huazhong University of Science and Technology in Shenzhen

Target tracking is one of the most challenging tasks in computer vision. In this paper, the high confidence tracking(HCT) algorithm is proposed by combining the offline historical learning network with online correlation filter updating model. First, the weighted historical targets are introduced into the offline learning network, which solves the problem of target loss caused by inaccurate tracking of the previous frame. Second, the target's confidence detection mechanism is proposed, and added to the correlation filter tracking algorithm, so that the model drift is avoided. Finally, we form a new high confidence tracking algorithm with offline learning. Compared with the state-of-the-art tracking algorithm, our algorithm performs outstandingly on benchmark OTB13 and OTB15, while ensuring real-time performance.

关键词： High confidence Target tracking Offline learning Online updating

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Research on Attitude control of Quadrotor UAV Based on Active Disturbance Rejection control

Research on Attitude Control of Quadrotor UAV Based on Activ...

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Chinese control and Decision Conference, CCDC

作者： Zuling Song Yongji Wang Lei Liu Zhongtao Cheng Ye Yang National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Multispectral Information Processing School of Artificial Intelligence and Automation Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China Science and Technology on Aerospace Intelligent Control Laboratory Beijing Aerospace Automatic Control Institute Beijing China

ISBN: (数字)9781728158556

ISBN: (纸本)9781728158563

Aiming at enhancing the disturbance suppression ability of attitude control of quadrotor UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle), design an ADRC(Active Disturbance Rejection control) based on quadrotor UAV. Different from the traditional trial adjustment of the parameter b0 in ADRC design, it can be derived according to the characteristics of the quadrotor model in this paper. Firstly, a non-linear kinematic model of a quadrotor UAV is established, and then each module of the ADRC is designed and debugged by modules. Finally, the system is simulated and verified. The experimental results show that ADRC has a stronger disturbance suppression capability than PID control, which greatly improves the stability of the system and enhances the drone's flight control ability in complex environments.

关键词： Attitude control Unmanned aerial vehicles Propellers Aircraft Robust control Atmospheric modeling

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Artificial intelligence-based methods for renewable power system operation

Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering

引用

Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering 2024年第3期1卷 163-179页

作者： Yuanzheng Li Fei Hu Juntao Duan Yong Zhao Zhigang Zeng Yizhou Ding Shangyang He Guanghui Wen Hua Geng Zhengguang Wu Hoay Beng Gooi Chenghui Zhang Shengwei Mei Key Laboratory of lmage Information Processing and Intelligent Control of Ministry of Education of China School of Artificial Intelligence and Automation Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China National Key Laboratory of Multispectral Information Intelligent Processing Technology Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China China-EU Institute for Clean and Renewable Energy Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China Department of Systems Science School of Mathematics Southeast University Nanjing China Department of Automation Tsinghua University Beijing China State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology Institute of Cyber-Systems and Control Zhejiang University Hangzhou China School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Nanyang Technological University Singapore Singapore School of Control Science and Engineering Shandong University Jinan China Department of Electrical Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing China

Carbon neutrality goals are driving the increased use of renewable energy (RE). Large-scale use of RE requires accurate energy generation forecasts; optimized power dispatch, which minimizes costs while satisfying operational constraints; effective system control to ensure a stable power supply; and electricity markets that support bidding and trading decisions associated with RE. However, the uncertainties in RE generation make renewable power systems challenging to operate. For example, the intermittent nature of wind power can make it difficult to balance the supply and demand of electricity in real time; therefore, traditional power sources could be needed to meet the demand, which can increase electricity prices. This Review outlines the potential of artificial intelligence-based methods for supporting renewable power system operation. We discuss the ability of machine learning, deep learning and reinforcement learning methods to facilitate power system forecasts, dispatch, control and markets to support the use of RE. We also emphasize the applicability of these techniques to different operational problems. Finally, we discuss potential trends in renewable power system development and approaches to address the associated operational challenges such as the increasingly distributed nature of RE installations, diversification of energy storage systems and growing market complexity.

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Modelling brain based on canonical ensemble with functional MRI: A thermodynamic exploration on neural system

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Li, Wei Zhou, Chenxi Yang, Bin Fan, Wenliang Chen, Xi School of Artificial Intelligence and Automation Huazhong University of Science and Technology WuhanHubei430074 China Image Processing and Intelligent Control Key Laboratory of the Education Ministry of China WuhanHubei430074 China Department of Radiology Union Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology WuhanHubei430074 China

Objective. Modelling is an important way to study the working mechanism of brain. While the characterization and understanding of brain are still inadequate. This study tried to build a model of brain from the perspective of thermodynamics at system level, which brought a new thinking to brain modelling. Approach. Regarding brain regions as systems, voxels as particles, and intensity of signals as energy of particles, the thermodynamic model of brain was built based on canonical ensemble theory. Two pairs of activated regions and two pairs of inactivated brain regions were selected for comparison in this study, and the analysis on thermodynamic properties based on the model proposed were performed. In addition, the thermodynamic properties were also extracted as input features for the detection of Alzheimer's disease. Main results. The experiment results verified the assumption that the brain also follows the thermodynamic laws. It demonstrated the feasibility and rationality of brain thermodynamic modelling method proposed, indicating that thermodynamic parameters could be applied to describe the state of neural system. Meanwhile, the brain thermodynamic model achieved much better accuracy in detection of Alzheimer's disease, suggesting the potential application of thermodynamic model in auxiliary diagnosis. Significance. (1) Instead of applying some thermodynamic parameters to analyze neural system, a brain model at system level was proposed from perspective of thermodynamics for the first time in this study. (2) The study discovered that the neural system also follows the laws of thermodynamics, which leads to increased internal energy, increased free energy and decreased entropy when system is activated. (3) The detection of neural disease was demonstrated to be benefit from thermodynamic model, implying the immense potential of thermodynamics in auxiliary *** Codes 80-10, 82-10, 92B99 Copyright © 2021, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Brain

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Probabilistic Robust Parity Relation based Fault Detection Using Biased Minimax Probability Machine ⁎

引用

IFAC-PapersOnLine 2020年第2期53卷 646-651页

作者： Yujia Ma Yiming Wan Maiying Zhong Key Laboratory of Image Processing and Intelligent Control Ministry of Education School of Artificial Intelligence and Automation Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 China College of Electrical Engineering and Automation Shangdong University of Science and Technology Qingdao 266590 China

This paper proposes a probabilistic robust parity relation based approach to fault detection of stochastic linear systems. Instead of assuming exact knowledge of disturbance distribution, the uncertainty of distribution information is taken into account by considering an ambiguity set of disturbance distributions. The biased minimax probability machine scheme is exploited to formulate an integrated design of the parity vector/matrix and the detection threshold. It maximizes the worst-case fault detection rate (FDR) with respect to selected reference faults, while ensuring a predefined worst-case false alarm rate. Firstly, a scalar residual design is derived in an analytical form. The analysis of its FDR in the presence of an arbitrary fault shows its limitation due to using a single reference fault. This issue is further addressed by proposing a vector residual design with a systematic method to select multiple reference faults. The efficacy of the proposed approach is illustrated by a simulation example.

关键词： Fault detection parity relation biased minimax probability machine false alarm rate fault detection rate

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Synaptic learning with augmented spikes

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2020年

作者： Yu, Qiang Song, Shiming Ma, Chenxiang Pan, Linqiang Tan, Kay Chen Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cognitive Computing and Application College of Intelligence and Computing Tianjin University Tianjin China Key Laboratory of Image Information Processing and Intelligent Control Institute of Artificial Intelligence School of Artificial Intelligence and Automation Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China The Department of Computer Science City University of Hong Kong Hong Kong

Traditional neuron models use analog values for information representation and computation, while all-or-nothing spikes are employed in the spiking ones. With a more brain-like processing paradigm, spiking neurons are more promising for improvements on efficiency and computational capability. They extend the computation of traditional neurons with an additional dimension of time carried by all-or-nothing spikes. Could one benefit from both the accuracy of analog values and the time-processing capability of spikes? In this paper, we introduce a concept of augmented spikes to carry complementary information with spike coefficients in addition to spike latencies. New augmented spiking neuron model and synaptic learning rules are proposed to process and learn patterns of augmented spikes. We provide systematic insight into the properties and characteristics of our methods, including classification of augmented spike patterns, learning capacity, construction of causality, feature detection, robustness and applicability to practical tasks such as acoustic and visual pattern recognition. The remarkable results highlight the effectiveness and potential merits of our methods. Importantly, our augmented approaches are versatile and can be easily generalized to other spike-based systems, contributing to a potential development for them including neuromorphic computing. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Neurons

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