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Game-based Secondary Control for DC Microgrids with Nash Equilibrium

IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion 2025年

作者： Yuan, Qi-Fan Wang, Yan-Wu Liu, Xiao-Kang Guo, Kai-Yuan Huazhong University of Science and Technology Key Laboratory of Image Processing and Intelligent Control School of Artificial Intelligence and Automation Wuhan430074 China

Voltage regulation and current sharing are two major issues when designing distributed control strategies for DC microgrids. However, power supply economy of local generators also needs to be considered. In this paper, a game-based framework is constructed, where multiple generators are regarded as the participants with secondary control signals being the game actions. A distributed secondary control algorithm is proposed, while information mask is introduced to avoid transmitting true control signal to neighbors. Then, payoff function is designed for each generator, which is composed of voltage regulation error, current sharing error and the local generation cost. It is proved that under the proposed secondary control algorithm in conjunction with the payoff function, a unique Nash equilibrium can be reached. Consequently, the minimum of the payoff function can be achieved, where the optimization of system control behavior and local economic operation can be realized simultaneously. Numerical simulations and experimental tests are carried out to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed secondary control strategy within several scenarios. © 1986-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Microgrids

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Adaptive Neural Finite-Time Deployment of Heterogeneous Multi-agent Systems via a Cross-Species Bionic PDE-ODE Approach

Artificial Intelligence Science and Engineering

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Artificial intelligence Science and Engineering 2025年第1期1卷 52-63页

作者： Jingtao MAN Zhigang ZENG Jun LI School of Artificial Intelligence and Automation Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China Key Laboratory of Image Processing and Intelligent Control of Education Ministry of China Wuhan China

For large-scale heterogeneous multi-agent systems (MASs) with characteristics of dense-sparse mixed distribution, this paper investigates the practical finite-time deployment problem by establishing a novel cross-species bionic analytical framework based on the partial differential equation-ordinary differential equation (PDE-ODE) approach. Specifically, by designing a specialized network communication protocol and employing the spatial continuum method for densely distributed agents, this paper models the tracking errors of densely distributed agents as a PDE equivalent to a human disease transmission model, and that of sparsely distributed agents as several ODEs equivalent to the predator population models. The coupling relationship between the PDE and ODE models is established through boundary conditions of the PDE, thereby forming a PDE-ODE-based tracking error model for the considered MASs. Furthermore, by integrating adaptive neural control scheme with the aforementioned biological models, a “Flexible Neural Network” endowed with adaptive and self-stabilized capabilities is constructed, which acts upon the considered MASs, enabling their practical finite-time deployment. Finally, effectiveness of the developed approach is illustrated through a numerical example.

关键词： Adaptation models Uncertainty Biological system modeling Neural networks Stochastic processes Mathematical models Numerical models Topology Multi-agent systems Diseases

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A Novel Dynamic Peer-to-Peer Carbon Right Sharing Scheme for Microgrid Clusters

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IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid 2025年

作者： Zhou, Wei Lai, Jingang Li, Xi Zeng, Zhigang School of Artificial Intelligence and Automation China Huazhong University of Science and Technology Key Laboratory of Image Processing and Intelligent Control Education Ministry of China Wuhan430074 China

In this paper, a novel four-level distributed game decision-making framework of dynamic peer-to-peer (P2P) carbon emission right (CER) sharing is proposed for microgrid clusters (MGCs), which consists of four phases: exploration, selection, equilibrium and correction. Firstly, in the exploration stage, the tradable information is published by microgrids (MGs) and an initial set of tradable options is constructed. Secondly, in the selection stage, bilateral transaction coefficients are calculated according to the deficit and surplus of CERs in the P2P carbon market, and then an optimal sharing matching scheme of CERs is designed to reduce invalid transactions. Thirdly, in the equilibrium stage, a P2P carbon right sharing strategy based on the Stackelberg game is proposed to realize the dynamic change in carbon prices and the flexible conversion of master-slave roles in P2P carbon trading, which can promote the popularity of carbon market. Fourthly, in the correction stage, a carbon emission right balancer (CERB) is developed to avoid the imbalance of CERs, and then a billing scheme including incentives and penalties is established to achieve the benefit redistribution after P2P carbon trading. In the end, numerical results illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed multi-layer game decision-making framework for P2P carbon right sharing among MGs. © 2010-2012 IEEE.

关键词： carbon emission right balancer Microgrid cluster peer-to-peer carbon trading Stackelberg game

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Fastest Prostate Cancer Prediction on Whole-Mount Pathological Slides Using Self-Reform Multilayer Transformer

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IEEE Access 2025年 13卷 72054-72066页

作者： Xu, Linjie Yu, Xiaotian Luo, Haoming Wang, Jili Liang, Wenjie Zhang, Jing Feng, Zunlei Lu, Cheng Zhang, Xiuming Zhejiang University School of Medicine Department of Pathology The First Affiliated Hospital Hangzhou310027 China Company Ltd. Foshan528311 China Zhejiang University State Key Laboratory of Blockchain and Security Hangzhou310027 China Zhejiang University School of Medicine Department of Radiology The First Affiliated Hospital Hangzhou310027 China Southern Medical University Department of Radiology Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital Guangzhou510515 China Guangzhou510515 China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence in Medical Image Analysis and Application Guangzhou China

In the clinical diagnosis of prostate cancer (PCa), the pathological image is regarded as the "golden standard". Pathological images are characterized by their immense size with giga-pixel. Moreover, pixels in each whole-mount slide of PCa are increased by approximately 4\sim 9 times, therefore containing more information for diagnosis. Therefore, rapid feature extraction of large prostate slices can effectively improve the diagnostic efficiency of prostate pathological images. This article introduces the self-reform multilayer transformer (SMT) to enhance acceleration of model training and inference in prostate pathological images. The SMT workflow involves a stepwise focus among three layers, progressing from macro-scale to micro-scale. A gradient-based strategy is proposed to efficiently focus on crucial regions, and a backward rethinking strategy is also proposed to enhance the precision of former layers. This iterative process of forward and backward training improves classification and focusing performance. Extensive experiments demonstrate that SMT achieves up to 2.71x faster training and 775x faster inference compared to traditional patch-cropping methods, while maintaining comparable accuracy and requiring less storage compared to existing SOTA methods. The current approach of cropping each slide into patches results in extensive time and storage consumption. The SMT of this paper applies forward focusing and backward rethinking to achieve fast and accurate diagnosis of PCa. Even for samples with microcarcinoma, SMT can still focus on cancer region precisely, which has great significance for avoiding missed diagnosis in clinic. This paper indicates that most regions of pathological slides are inessential or repetitive for diagnosis. The strategy of SMT can provide a new perspective for future task on pathological images. © 2013 IEEE.

关键词： Multilayers

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Mixture-of-Experts for Open Set Domain Adaptation: A Dual-Space Detection Approach

IEEE Transactions on Artificial Intelligence

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IEEE Transactions on Artificial intelligence 2025年

作者： Du, Zhenbang An, Jiayu Tu, Yunlu Hong, Jiahao Wu, Dongrui Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Image Processing and Intelligent Control School of Artificial Intelligence and Automation Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan430074 China School of Artificial Intelligence and Automation Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan430074 China

Open Set Domain Adaptation (OSDA) copes with the distribution and label shifts between the source and target domains simultaneously, performing accurate classification for known classes while identifying unknown class samples in the target domain. Most existing OSDA approaches, depending on the final image feature space of deep models, require manually-tuned thresholds, and may easily misclassify unknown samples as known classes. Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) could be a remedy. Within an MoE, different experts handle distinct input features, producing unique expert routing patterns for various classes in a routing feature space. As a result, unknown class samples may display different expert routing patterns to known classes. This paper proposes Dual-Space Detection, which exploits the inconsistencies between the image feature space and the routing feature space to detect unknown class samples without any threshold. A Graph Router is further introduced to better make use of the spatial information among the image patches. Experiments on three datasets validated the effectiveness and superiority of our approach. © 2020 IEEE.

关键词： Mixture-of-Experts Open Set Domain Adaptation Routing Feature

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Thermal constraint control of reversible solid oxide cell for optimal system efficiency

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International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 2025年 134卷 198-211页

作者： Xu, Yuanwu Yin, Jie Wang, Jingjing Wu, Xiao-long Peng, Jingxuan Tang, Ruifeng Zou, Suhang Fu, Xiaowei Li, Xi School of Artificial Intelligence and Automation Wuhan University of Science and Technology Hubei Wuhan430081 China School of Artificial Intelligence and Automation Key Laboratory of Image Processing and Intelligent Control of Education Ministry Huazhong University of Science and Technology Hubei Wuhan430074 China School of Information Engineering Nanchang University Jiangxi Nanchang330031 China School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Nanyang Technological University 639798 Singapore China-Poland Belt and Road Joint Laboratory on Measurement and Control Technology Huazhong University of Science and Technology Hubei Wuhan430074 China Shenzhen Huazhong University of Science and Technology Research Institute Shenzhen518055 China

Reversible solid oxide cell (RSOC) demonstrates considerable promise in multimodal energy conversion architectures, particularly as a technology for hydrogen-based energy storage systems. Nevertheless, under dynamic operating regimes with time-varying current inputs, realizing time-efficient and reliable transitions to steady-state operation remains difficult. This difficulty arises from the intricate coupling of thermal, electrical, and gaseous processes within the RSOC system. This study aims to address these challenges by developing a 5 kW mathematical model of the RSOC system. The proposed model enables systematic investigation of thermal safety issues arising during current switching operations while introducing a thermal constraint control strategy to enhance both system efficiency and thermal safety performance. This efficiency-driven study employs the Grid Search algorithm to identify optimal steady-state operating points for the RSOC system, ensuring strict adherence to safety constraints across varying current inputs. Furthermore, by integrating the pre-identified optimal operating points as feedforward control with Model Predictive Control (MPC)-based feedback correction, this hybrid strategy effectively mitigates stack temperature gradient overshoot while synchronously ensuring optimal system efficiency throughout current transition processes. Under simulated variable current inputs, the proposed RSOC system model and control strategy demonstrate the capability to constrain stack temperature gradient overshoot within 2.3K while enhancing transient efficiency by 5 %–8 %, achieving a peak system efficiency of 85 %. It provides a novel methodology for safe and efficient working with intermittent renewable energy. © 2025 Hydrogen Energy Publications LLC

关键词： Thermal variables control

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Stability Enhancement of Inverter-Current Feedback Grid-Following Inverters Using a Passivity-Based Voltage Controller

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IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion 2025年

作者： Huang, Yukai Xu, Jinbang Ye, Jie Huang, Songtao Ren, Ziao Shen, Anwen Hu, Yihua Huazhong University of Science and Technology National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Multispectral Information Processing Key Laboratory of Image Processing and Intelligent Control School of Artificial Intelligence and Automation Wuhan430074 China King's College London Department of Engineering LondonWC2R 2LS United Kingdom

Grid-following inverters remain the primary interface for modern renewable energy systems due to their strong power output performance. As the global demand for clean and efficient energy conversion increases, optimizing the stability of inverter systems is crucial for integrating renewable sources into the power grid. In certain energy conversion scenarios, current sensors are placed on the inverter side due to equipment constraints and space limitations, which can impact the stability of the inverter. Although the stability of inverter-side current feedback (ICF) configurations has been studied, methods to further enhance their stability remain underexplored. In this paper, the stability of ICF grid-following inverters is analyzed using a passivity-based design approach, focusing on a point of common coupling voltage controller. The proposed controller is thoroughly analyzed, and a detailed design strategy is presented to ensure stability under varying grid impedance conditions. Experimental results validate the theoretical analysis, demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed design in enhancing the stability of ICF grid-following inverters. These advancements contribute to improving energy conversion efficiency and reliability. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Energy conversion efficiency

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Evolutionary attraction–repulsion algorithm embedded with LLM for UAV task allocation

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Advanced Engineering Informatics 2025年 66卷

作者： Wu, Bowen Xiao, Renbin School of Artificial Intelligence and Automation Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan430074 China Institute of Artificial Intelligence Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan430074 China Key Laboratory of Image Processing and Intelligent Control Ministry of Education Wuhan430074 China

Labor division provides an adaptive and scalable technique for unmanned systems. However, its designing process usually relies heavily on the manually crafted paradigms, leading to inefficiencies and insufficient performance. To overcome these challenges, this paper introduce an evolutionary approach to labor division algorithm design. Drawing inspiration from the regulatory behaviors observed in natural lion populations, we propose a bipolar feedback-guided attraction–repulsion mechanism. A formal model is developed to encapsulate this mechanism, and we provide an in-depth analysis of the algorithm's evolution through the framework of systems science. In addition, we leverage prompt engineering techniques to integrate a large language model (LLM) with our proposed mechanism, facilitating a bidirectional enhancement between the two. This integration culminates in the development of the ARE-LLM framework, a robust and adaptive solution for designing labor division algorithms. To demonstrate the practical applicability of our approach, we apply the ARE-LLM framework to the UAV-based task allocation problem for enemy air defense suppression. The experimental results indicate that our method outperforms several advanced approaches. In a scenario involving 50 UAVs tasked with completing 300 assignments, the total distance traveled is only 9 % of that required by the ALPDA algorithm, while the processing time is reduced to 8 % of that used by ALPDA. © 2025 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： Target drones

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C2P-Net: Comprehensive Depth Map to Planar Depth Conversion for Room Layout Estimation

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IEEE Transactions on Pattern analysis and Machine intelligence 2025年 PP卷 PP页

作者： Zhang, Weidong Zhou, Mengjie Cheng, Jiyu Liu, Ying Zhang, Wei Xi'an University of Posts & Telecommunications School of Communications and Information Engineering China Xi'an Key Laboratory of Image Processing Technology and Applications for Public Security China Shandong University School of Control Science and Engineering China Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Machine Intelligence and System Control China

Room layout estimation seeks to infer the overall spatial configuration of indoor scenes using perspective or panoramic images. As the layout is determined by the dominant indoor planes, this problem inherently requires the reconstruction of these planes. Some studies reconstruct indoor planes from perspective images by learning pixel-level or instance-level plane parameters. However, directly learning these parameters has the problems of susceptibility to occlusions and position dependency. In this paper, we introduce the Comprehensive depth map to Planar depth (C2P) conversion, which reformulates planar depth reconstruction into the prediction of a comprehensive depth map and planar visibility confidence. Based on the parametric representation of planar depth we propose, the C2P conversion is applicable to both panoramic and perspective images. Accordingly, we present an effective framework for room layout estimation that jointly learns the comprehensive depth map and planar visibility confidence. Due to the differentiability of the C2P conversion, our network autonomously learns planar visibility confidence by constraining the estimated plane parameters and reconstructed planar depth map. We further propose a novel approach for 3D layout generation through sequential planar depth map integration. Experimental results demonstrate the superiority of our method across all evaluated panoramic and perspective datasets. © 1979-2012 IEEE.

关键词： image-Text Matching Medical Report Generation Sample-graph Consistency Self-boosting framework

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Single-Loop Deadbeat Predictive Control Framework for Uncertain SPMSM Drives With Disturbance Observation

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IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification 2025年

作者： Jiang, Fuxi Wang, Siqi Guo, Yuhao Cheng, Zhe Ye, Jie Cheng, Shanmei Huazhong University of Science and Technology Key Laboratory of Image Processing and Intelligent Control School of Artificial Intelligence and Automation Wuhan430074 China Huazhong University of Science and Technology School of Optical and Electronic Information Wuhan430074 China

To mitigate the detrimental effects of parameter perturbations and external load torque on the accuracy of speed and current tracking control in surface-mounted permanent magnet synchronous motor (SPMSM) drive systems, while avoiding the complexities inherent in traditional speed-current series control architectures, this paper presents a single-loop deadbeat predictive control (SDPC) framework that incorporates online disturbance observation. The control input voltage vector is directly computed using an SDPC controller in conjunction with a set of discrete-time disturbance observers (DDOBs). This proposed methodology offers two notable advantages over existing research: (i) it substantially reduces the number of adjustable controller parameters, requiring only the tuning of the observer bandwidth and the speed scaling gain, which enhances its practicality for engineering applications;and (ii) the disturbance estimation and compensation mechanism utilizing DDOBs significantly improves the robustness of the SPMSM system. Furthermore, the SDPC framework ensures that the system maintains satisfactory transient and steady-state tracking performance in response to reference signals. Experimental comparisons validate both the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method. © 2015 IEEE.

关键词： Permanent magnets

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