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Temperature Gradient Analyses of a Tubular Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Fueled by Methanol

Transactions of Tianjin University 2023年第1期29卷 14-30页

作者： Qidong Xu Meiting Guo Lingchao Xia Zheng Li Qijiao He Dongqi Zhao Keqing Zheng Meng Ni Department of Building and Real Estate Research Institute for Sustainable Urban Development(RISUD)&Research Institute for Smart Energy(RISE)The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong Kong 999077China School of Artifi cial Intelligence and Automation Key Laboratory of Image Processing and Intelligent ControlHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China School of Low-Carbon Energy and Power Engineering China University of Mining and TechnologyXuzhou 221116China

Thermal management in solid oxide fuel cells(SOFC)is a critical issue due to non-uniform electrochemical reactions and convective fl ows within the ***,a 2D mathematical model is established herein to investigate the thermal responses of a tubular methanol-fueled *** show that unlike the low-temperature condition of 873 K,where the peak temperature gradient occurs at the cell center,it appears near the fuel inlet at 1073 K because of the rapid temperature rise induced by the elevated current *** the large heat convection capacity,excessive air could not eff ectively eliminate the harmful temperature gradient caused by the large current ***,optimal control of the current density by properly selecting the operating potential could generate a local thermal neutral ***,the maximum axial temperature gradient could be reduced by about 18%at 973 K and 20%at 1073 K when the air with a 5 K higher temperature is ***,despite the higher electrochemical performance observed,the cell with a counter-fl ow arrange-ment featured by a larger hot area and higher maximum temperature gradients is not preferable for a ceramic SOFC system considering thermal ***,this study could provide insightful thermal information for the operating condition selection,structure design,and stability assessment of realistic SOFCs combined with their internal reforming process.

关键词： Solid oxide fuel cell Modeling Methanol fuel Temperature gradient Internal reforming

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Canine EEG Helps Human: Cross-Species and Cross-Modality Epileptic Seizure Detection via Multi-Space Alignment

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Wang, Ziwei Li, Siyang Wu, Dongrui Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Image Processing and Intelligent Control School of Artificial Intelligence and Automation Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan430074 China Hubei Key Laboratory of Brain-inspired Intelligent Systems School of Artificial Intelligence and Automation Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan430074 China

Epilepsy significantly impacts global health, affecting about 65 million people worldwide, along with various animal species. The diagnostic processes of epilepsy are often hindered by the transient and unpredictable nature of seizures. Here we propose a multi-space alignment approach based on cross-species and cross-modality electroencephalogram (EEG) data to enhance the detection capabilities and understanding of epileptic seizures. By employing deep learning techniques, including domain adaptation and knowledge distillation, our framework aligns cross-species and cross-modality EEG signals to enhance the detection capability beyond traditional within-species and within-modality models. Experiments on multiple surfaces and intracranial EEG datasets of humans and canines demonstrated substantial improvements in detection accuracy, achieving over 90% AUC scores for cross-species and cross-modality seizure detection with extremely limited labeled data from the target species/modality. To our knowledge, this is the first study that demonstrates the effectiveness of integrating heterogeneous data from different species and modalities to improve EEG-based seizure detection performance. This is a pilot study that provides insights into the challenges and potential of multi-species and multi-modality data integration, offering an effective solution for future work to collect huge EEG data to train large brain models. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Electroencephalography

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MIANet: Aggregating Unbiased Instance and General Information for Few-Shot Semantic Segmentation

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2023年

作者： Yang, Yong Chen, Qiong Feng, Yuan Huang, Tianlin School of Computer Science and Engineering South China University of Technology China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence in Medical Image Analysis and Application China

Existing few-shot segmentation methods are based on the meta-learning strategy and extract instance knowledge from a support set and then apply the knowledge to segment target objects in a query set. However, the extracted knowledge is insufficient to cope with the variable intra-class differences since the knowledge is obtained from a few samples in the support set. To address the problem, we propose a multi-information aggregation network (MIANet) that effectively leverages the general knowledge, i.e., semantic word embeddings, and instance information for accurate segmentation. Specifically, in MIANet, a general information module (GIM) is proposed to extract a general class prototype from word embeddings as a supplement to instance information. To this end, we design a triplet loss that treats the general class prototype as an anchor and samples positive-negative pairs from local features in the support set. The calculated triplet loss can transfer semantic similarities among language identities from a word embedding space to a visual representation space. To alleviate the model biasing towards the seen training classes and to obtain multi-scale information, we then introduce a non-parametric hierarchical prior module (HPM) to generate unbiased instance-level information via calculating the pixel-level similarity between the support and query image features. Finally, an information fusion module (IFM) combines the general and instance information to make predictions for the query image. Extensive experiments on PASCAL-5i and COCO-20i show that MIANet yields superior performance and set a new state-of-the-art. Code is available at ***/Aldrich2y/MIANet. © 2023, CC BY-NC-SA.

关键词： Embeddings

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Learning analysis of Kernel Ridgeless Regression with Asymmetric Kernel Learning

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： He, Fan He, Mingzhen Shi, Lei Huang, Xiaolin Suykens, Johan A.K. STADIUS Center for Dynamical Systems Signal Processing and Data Analytics KU Leuven Leuven Belgium MOE Key Laboratory of System Control and Information Processing Institute of Image Processing and Pattern Recognition Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China Shanghai Key Laboratory for Contemporary Applied Mathematics School of Mathematical Sciences Fudan University Shanghai200433 China Shanghai Artificial Intelligence Laboratory Shanghai200232 China MOE Key Laboratory of System Control and Information Processing Institute of Image Processing and Pattern Recognition Institute of Medical Robotics Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai200240 China

Ridgeless regression has garnered attention among researchers, particularly in light of the "Benign Overfitting" phenomenon, where models interpolating noisy samples demonstrate robust generalization. However, kernel ridgeless regression does not always perform well due to the lack of flexibility. This paper enhances kernel ridgeless regression with Locally-Adaptive-Bandwidths (LAB) RBF kernels, incorporating kernel learning techniques to improve performance in both experiments and theory. For the first time, we demonstrate that functions learned from LAB RBF kernels belong to an integral space of Reproducible Kernel Hilbert Spaces (RKHSs). Despite the absence of explicit regularization in the proposed model, its optimization is equivalent to solving an 0-regularized problem in the integral space of RKHSs, elucidating the origin of its generalization ability. Taking an approximation analysis viewpoint, we introduce an lq-norm analysis technique (with 0 © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Vector spaces

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Complementary Learning Subnetworks for Parameter-Efficient Class-Incremental Learning

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2023年

作者： Li, Depeng Zeng, Zhigang The School of Artificial Intelligence and Automation The Institute of Artificial Intelligence Huazhong University of Science and Technology China The Key Laboratory of Image Processing and Intelligent Control of Education Ministry of China Wuhan430074 China

In the scenario of class-incremental learning (CIL), deep neural networks have to adapt their model parameters to non-stationary data distributions, e.g., the emergence of new classes over time. However, CIL models are challenged by the well-known catastrophic forgetting phenomenon. Typical methods such as rehearsal-based ones rely on storing exemplars of old classes to mitigate catastrophic forgetting, which limits real-world applications considering memory resources and privacy issues. In this paper, we propose a novel rehearsal-free CIL approach that learns continually via the synergy between two Complementary Learning Subnetworks. Our approach involves jointly optimizing a plastic CNN feature extractor and an analytical feed-forward classifier. The inaccessibility of historical data is tackled by holistically controlling the parameters of a well-trained model, ensuring that the decision boundary learned fits new classes while retaining recognition of previously learned classes. Specifically, the trainable CNN feature extractor provides task-dependent knowledge separately without interference;and the final classifier integrates task-specific knowledge incrementally for decision-making without forgetting. In each CIL session, it accommodates new tasks by attaching a tiny set of declarative parameters to its backbone, in which only one matrix per task or one vector per class is kept for knowledge retention. Extensive experiments on a variety of task sequences show that our method achieves competitive results against state-of-the-art methods, especially in accuracy gain, memory cost, training efficiency, and task-order robustness. Furthermore, to make the non-growing backbone (i.e., a model with limited network capacity) suffice to train on more incoming tasks, a graceful forgetting implementation on previously learned trivial tasks is empirically investigated. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Decision making

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Disentangling Spatial and Temporal Learning for Efficient image-to-Video Transfer Learning

Disentangling Spatial and Temporal Learning for Efficient Im...

引用

International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV)

作者： Zhiwu Qing Shiwei Zhang Ziyuan Huang Yingya Zhang Changxin Gao Deli Zhao Nong Sang Key Laboratory of Image Processing and Intelligent Control School of Artificial Intelligence and Automation Huazhong University of Science and Technology Alibaba Group ARC National University of Singapore

Recently, large-scale pre-trained language-image models like CLIP have shown extraordinary capabilities for understanding spatial contents, but naively transferring such models to video recognition still suffers from unsatisfactory temporal modeling capabilities. Existing methods insert tunable structures into or in parallel with the pre-trained model, which either requires back-propagation through the whole pre-trained model and is thus resource-demanding, or is limited by the temporal reasoning capability of the pre-trained structure. In this work, we present DiST, which disentangles the learning of spatial and temporal aspects of videos. Specifically, DiST uses a dual-encoder structure, where a pre-trained foundation model acts as the spatial encoder, and a lightweight network is introduced as the temporal encoder. An integration branch is inserted between the encoders to fuse spatio-temporal information. The disentangled spatial and temporal learning in DiST is highly efficient because it avoids the back-propagation of massive pre-trained parameters. Meanwhile, we empirically show that disentangled learning with an extra network for integration benefits both spatial and temporal understanding. Extensive experiments on five benchmarks show that DiST delivers better performance than existing state-of-the-art methods by convincing gaps. When pre-training on the large-scale Kinetics-710, we achieve 89.7% on Kinetics-400 with a frozen ViT-L model, which verifies the scalability of DiST. Codes and models can be found in https://***/alibaba-mmai-research/DiST.

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Point-Query Quadtree for Crowd Counting, Localization, and More

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2023年

作者： Liu, Chengxin Lu, Hao Cao, Zhiguo Liu, Tongliang Key Laboratory of Image Processing and Intelligent Control Ministry of Education School of Artificial Intelligence and Automation Huazhong University of Science and Technology China The University of Sydney Australia

We show that crowd counting can be viewed as a decomposable point querying process. This formulation enables arbitrary points as input and jointly reasons whether the points are crowd and where they locate. The querying processing, however, raises an underlying problem on the number of necessary querying points. Too few imply underestimation;too many increase computational overhead. To address this dilemma, we introduce a decomposable structure, i.e., the point-query quadtree, and propose a new counting model, termed Point quEry Transformer (PET). PET implements decomposable point querying via data-dependent quadtree splitting, where each querying point could split into four new points when necessary, thus enabling dynamic processing of sparse and dense regions. Such a querying process yields an intuitive, universal modeling of crowd as both the input and output are interpretable and steerable. We demonstrate the applications of PET on a number of crowd-related tasks, including fully-supervised crowd counting and localization, partial annotation learning, and point annotation refinement, and also report state-of-the-art performance. For the first time, we show that a single counting model can address multiple crowd-related tasks across different learning paradigms. Code is available at https://***/cxliu0/PET. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Machine learning

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Deployment of Heterogeneous Multi-Agent Systems via a PDE Approach

Deployment of Heterogeneous Multi-Agent Systems via a PDE Ap...

引用

Chinese Automation Congress (CAC)

作者： Jingtao Man Zhigang Zeng Qiang Xiao Key Laboratory of Image Information Processing and Intelligent Control Ministry of Education of China School of Artificial Intelligence and Automation (of Huazhong University of Science and Technology) Wuhan China

Spatial deployment of large-scale heterogeneous multi-agent systems (HMASs) over desired 2D or 3D curves is investigated in this paper. With assumption that HMASs consist of numerous first-order agents (FOAs) and second-order agents (SOAs) that could obtain local information of desired curves and their positions relative to their closest neighbors, the collective dynamics of large-scale HMASs are modeled as heterogeneous partial differential equations (PDEs). In particular, this paper introduces series-dependent topological weights between neighboring agents, which are more versatile and practical than constant topological weights commonly used in previous studies. A novel single-point control scheme is proposed, where an informed agent is situated between the last FOA and first SOA. This operation could not only ensure successful implementation of spatial deployment, but also guarantee well-posedness of the constructed heterogeneous error PDEs. By utilizing inequality techniques, sufficient conditions for exponential convergence of error system are derived. A numerical example is presented to demonstrate effectiveness of the proposed approaches.

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A Dual-Branch Model with Inter- and Intra-branch Contrastive Loss for Long-tailed Recognition

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2023年

作者： Chen, Qiong Huang, Tianlin Zhu, Geren Lin, Enlu School of Computer Science and Engineering South China University of Technology China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence in Medical Image Analysis and Application China

Real-world data often exhibits a long-tailed distribution, in which head classes occupy most of the data, while tail classes only have very few samples. Models trained on long-tailed datasets have poor adaptability to tail classes and the decision boundaries are ambiguous. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a simple yet effective model, named Dual-Branch Long-Tailed Recognition (DB-LTR), which includes an imbalanced learning branch and a Contrastive Learning Branch (CoLB). The imbalanced learning branch, which consists of a shared backbone and a linear classifier, leverages common imbalanced learning approaches to tackle the data imbalance issue. In CoLB, we learn a prototype for each tail class, and calculate an inter-branch contrastive loss, an intra-branch contrastive loss and a metric loss. CoLB can improve the capability of the model in adapting to tail classes and assist the imbalanced learning branch to learn a well-represented feature space and discriminative decision boundary. Extensive experiments on three long-tailed benchmark datasets, i.e., CIFAR100-LT, imageNet-LT and Places-LT, show that our DB-LTR is competitive and superior to the comparative methods. © 2023, CC BY-NC-SA.

关键词： Learning systems

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A New Multi-Scale Model for Medium-Term Load Forecasting

A New Multi-Scale Model for Medium-Term Load Forecasting

引用

第35届中国控制与决策会议

作者： Peng Liu Hongliang Fang Jiang-Wen Xiao Yan-Wu Wang Xiao-Kang Liu School of Artificial Intelligence and Automation Huazhong University of Science and Technology Key Laboratory of Image Processing and Intelligent Control (Huazhong University of Science and Technology) Ministry of Education

When a large number of distributed power and renewable energy are connected to the smart grid,the volatility and intermittency of renewable energy bring some challenges to the smart ***,accurate medium-term load forecasting is essential because it is conducive to the stability of the power grid and can provide data support for the power generating *** factors affect medium-term load forecasting and the real-time electricity price is a very important factor among *** this paper,a multi-scale model based on LSTM model is proposed to extracts features from 3 different time scales including half-hourly time scale,daily time scale and monthly time *** first,the half-hourly data is processed by a half-hourly data processing layer to extract the half-hourly ***,its output is concatenated with the daily load data and is input into a daily data processing ***,the daily features are concatenated with the monthly load data and they are input into a monthly data processing layer to extract the monthly features and get the final forecasting *** case study results demonstrate that the proposed multi-scale model has better performance than the single-scale models.

关键词： Deep learning medium-term load forecasting LSTM real-time electricity price

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