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A Lightweight UAV Visual Obstacle Avoidance Algorithm Based on Improved YOLOv8

computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第11期81卷 2607-2627页

作者： Zongdong Du Xuefeng Feng Feng Li Qinglong Xian Zhenhong Jia College of Computer Science and Technology Xinjiang UniversityUrumqi830046China Signal Detection and Processing Autonomous Region Key Laboratory Xinjiang UniversityUrumqi830046China Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Research Institute of Measurement and Testing Urumqi830000China

The importance of unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)obstacle avoidance algorithms lies in their ability to ensure flight safety and collision avoidance,thereby protecting people and *** propose UAD-YOLOv8,a lightweight YOLOv8-based obstacle detection algorithm optimized for UAV obstacle *** algorithm enhances the detection capability for small and irregular obstacles by removing the P5 feature layer and introducing deformable convolution v2(DCNv2)to optimize the cross stage partial bottleneck with 2 convolutions and fusion(C2f)***,it reduces the model’s parameter count and computational load by constructing the unite ghost and depth-wise separable convolution(UGDConv)series of lightweight convolutions and a lightweight detection *** on this,we designed a visual obstacle avoidance algorithm that can improve the obstacle avoidance performance of UAVs in different *** particular,we propose an adaptive distance detection algorithm based on obstacle attributes to solve the ranging problem for multiple types and irregular obstacles to further enhance the UAV’s obstacle avoidance *** verify the effectiveness of the algorithm,the UAV obstacle detection(UAD)dataset was *** experimental results show that UAD-YOLOv8 improves mAP50 by 3.4%and reduces GFLOPs by 34.5%compared to YOLOv8n while reducing the number of parameters by 77.4%and the model size by 73%.These improvements significantly enhance the UAV’s obstacle avoidance performance in complex environments,demonstrating its wide range of applications.

关键词： Unmanned aerial vehicle obstacle detection obstacle avoidance algorithm

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Optimal Dispatch Strategy of Electric Vehicles under Coupled Transportation Network and Power Grid 8

Optimal Dispatch Strategy of Electric Vehicles under Coupled...

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8th International Conference on Power and Renewable Energy, ICPRE 2023

作者： Luo, Keming Fang, Xiaohan Fan, Yuan Anhui University Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing and Signal Processing of Ministry of Education School of Electrical Engineering and Automation Hefei230601 China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350328813

This paper addresses the complex nature of electric vehicles (EVs) as both transportation means and mobile loads, and proposes an optimal dispatching scheduling strategy for EVs in the coupled transportation network and power grid. Firstly, a dynamic traffic network model is established by utilizing a vast amount of real-world traffic data, including Origin-Destination (OD) information, battery states, and departure times. A graph theory-based analysis is then employed to determine the optimal paths for EVs in the traffic network. Secondly, the charging behavior of EVs is integrated with the power grid, and charge-discharge scheduling is conducted for charging stations to optimize the power grid load curve while meeting the charging demands of EVs. Additionally, adaptive electricity prices are formulated based on the power grid's load generation through a dynamic pricing mechanism, further optimizing the charging strategy for EVs. Lastly, the impact of EV charging on the power grid load is analyzed by contrasting ordered and unordered charging and discharging modes. The research results demonstrate that the proposed optimal charging scheduling strategy for EVs in traffic-aware power grids can significantly reduce peak-valley differences in power grid load, enhance the economic and operational stability of the power grid, and effectively meet the charging demands of EV users. These findings provide valuable insights and promising potential for practical applications and widespread adoption. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Charging Dispatch Coupled Transportation Network and Power Grid Dynamic Pricing Mechanism Electric Vehicles (EVs)

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Economic Scheduling of Multi-microgrid Systems Based on Distributed Event-triggered Consensus Strategy 8

Economic Scheduling of Multi-microgrid Systems Based on Dist...

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8th International Conference on Power and Renewable Energy, ICPRE 2023

作者： Xu, Tingting Fang, Xiaohan Fan, Yuan Anhui University Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing and Signal Processing of Ministry of Education School of Electrical Engineering and Automation Hefei230601 China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350328813

Multi-microgrid (MMG) systems offer notable advantages in terms of power sharing and mutual support when compared to individual microgrids (MGs). This paper presents a based on distributed event-triggered consensus strategy for optimizing the economic dispatch of multiple microgrids. The incorporation of the event-triggered mechanism into the multi-microgrid framework significantly reduces unnecessary communication among microgrids in contrast to the conventional time-triggered approach. For the multi-microgrid setup, a two-layer control strategy consisting of inter-microgrid and intra-microgrid layers is employed to achieve coherence by regulating the micro-incremental rates of distributed generation (DG) units. Leaderless event-triggered consistency is utilized for inter-microgrid coordination, while leader event-triggered consistency is implemented for intra-microgrid coordination, ultimately realizing the economic objective of minimizing the operational costs of the multi-microgrid system. Simulation results validate the efficacy of introducing the event-triggered mechanism and its impact on the economic dispatch of the multi-microgrid system. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Consensus Event-triggered Micro-incremental rates Multi-microgrid

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Stackelberg Game Model for Optimal Dispatching of Electricity Consumption for Community Microgrid Considering Demand Response Mechanism 8

Stackelberg Game Model for Optimal Dispatching of Electricit...

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8th International Conference on Power and Renewable Energy, ICPRE 2023

作者： Tan, Di Fang, Xiaohan Fan, Yuan Anhui University Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing and Signal Processing of Ministry of Education School of Electrical Engineering and Automation Hefei230601 China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350328813

Community microgrid is a kind of new power system that acts as an intermediary between community consumers and the grid, playing an important role in realising distributed autonomy and improving the power supply level. To achieve optimal power dispatch in community microgrid, this paper establishes a Stackelberg game model with the community microgrid operator (CMO) as the leader and the consumers aggregator as the follower, and combines the internal pricing method with the demand response mechanism. The paper uses a combination of genetic algorithm and solver to solve the Stackelberg game model to maximise the interests of all parties. Simulation results show that the model can secure the interests of each game subject, balance power supply and demand, and promote peak shaving and valley filling of electrical loads. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Community microgrid Demand response mechanism Genetic algorithm Internal prices Stackelberg game model

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Imperceptible and Sparse Adversarial Attacks via a Dual-Population-Based Constrained Evolutionary Algorithm

IEEE Transactions on Artificial Intelligence

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IEEE Transactions on Artificial Intelligence 2023年第2期4卷 268-281页

作者： Tian, Ye Pan, Jingwen Yang, Shangshang Zhang, Xingyi He, Shuping Jin, Yaochu Anhui University Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing and Signal Processing of Ministry of Education Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology Hefei230601 China Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center Institute of Artificial Intelligence Hefei230088 China Anhui University School of Computer Science and Technology Hefei230601 China Anhui University Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing and Signal Processing of Ministry of Education School of Artificial Intelligence Hefei230601 China Anhui University Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Human-Robot Integration System and Intelligent Equipment School of Electrical Engineering and Automation Hefei230601 China Bielefeld University Faculty of Technology Bielefeld33619 Germany

The sparse adversarial attack has attracted increasing attention due to the merit of a low attack cost via changing a small number of pixels. However, the generated adversarial examples are easily detected in vision since the perturbation to each pixel is relatively large. To achieve imperceptible and sparse adversarial attacks, this article formulates a bi-objective constrained optimization problem, simultaneously minimizing the 0 and 2 distances to the original image, and proposes a dual-population-based constrained evolutionary algorithm to solve it. The proposed method solves the optimization problem by evolving two populations, where one population is responsible for finding feasible solutions (i.e., successful attacks) and the other one is to minimize both the 0 and 2 distances. Moreover, a population initialization strategy and two genetic operators are customized to accelerate the convergence speed. Experimental results indicate that the proposed method can achieve high success rates with low attack costs, and strikes a better balance between the 0 and 2 distances than state-of-the-art methods. © 2020 IEEE.

关键词： Evolutionary algorithms

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Optimization Strategies for Hydrogen Mixing Scheduling in Natural Gas Networks in Integrated Energy Systems 8

Optimization Strategies for Hydrogen Mixing Scheduling in Na...

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8th International Conference on Power and Renewable Energy, ICPRE 2023

作者： Zhang, Zixun Fang, Xiaohan Fan, Yuan Anhui University Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing and Signal Processing of Ministry of Education School of Electrical Engineering and Automation Hefei230601 China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350328813

Developing a clean and efficient Integrated Energy System (IES) is critical to optimizing the use of renewable energy sources and harnessing new forms of energy to achieve the country's 2030 carbon peak and 2060 carbon neutrality targets. Existing natural gas pipelines in China facilitate the transport of hydrogen blended into the natural gas network and offer the possibility of storing hydrogen blended into natural gas pipelines. This paper proposes an optimal integrated energy dispatch strategy based on electricity-gas-hydrogen-heat-cooling demand, taking into account carbon emissions and economic efficiency, where renewable energy is no longer connected to the grid or stored in batteries, but converted to hydrogen mixed into the natural gas grid for transport and storage, with the economic objective of minimizing the total IES operating cost, the wind and light abandonment cost and the carbon emission cost. The CPLEX solver is used to solve the problem, and the feasibility of the proposed model is verified by simulation results, which promotes the consumption of renewable and clean energy. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： hybrid hydrogen transportation hydrogen energy Integrated energy systems natural gas pipeline network

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Airport UAV and birds detection based on deformable DETR 2

Airport UAV and birds detection based on deformable DETR

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2022 2nd International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computing Technology, EECT 2022

作者： Shanliang, Liu Yunlong, Li Jingyi, Qu Renbiao, Wu Tianjin Key Laboratory Of Intelligent Signal And Image Processing Civil Aviation University China

The aviation industry is growing rapidly, but due to inadequate airport surveillance technology, there have been incidents of UAV intruding into airports and birds striking aircraft in the clearance area. Existing airports use radar-based detection technology to monitor UAV and birds in the clearance area, and they cannot correctly identify the type and number of UAV and the size and number of birds. Based on this problem, this paper proposes a deformable DETR (DEtection TRansformer) based detection method for UAV and birds to assist airports to better supervise the clearance area and reduce safety hazards. In response to the small size of airport UAV and birds, we adopt a deformable DETR object detection method using multi-feature fusion to detect UAV and birds in the airport environment. The model has good detection performance with mAP of 75.2 and recall of 95.0%, which meets the airport's requirements for UAV and bird detection, as verified by the actual data collection. This method can help to improve surveillance methods within the clearance area of airports and can also provide technical support for the detection of small objects in other areas. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.

关键词： Birds

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An Empirical Study on Neural Networks Pruning: Trimming for Reducing Memory or Workload 5

An Empirical Study on Neural Networks Pruning: Trimming for ...

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5th International Conference on Data-Driven Optimization of Complex Systems, DOCS 2023

作者： Xiao, Kaiwen Cai, Xiaodong Xu, Ke School of Artificial Intelligence Anhui University Hefei China Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing and Signal Processing Ministry of Education Hefei China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350393521

Most of existing studies on neural network pruning only consider memory-based pruning strategies. However pruning for computational workload is often more important in hardware deployments due to a greater focus on model computation reductions. In addition, most pruning schemes restore model accuracy during pruning at the expense of adding hyperparameters, extending training time and training complexity. This work proposes a statistical-based globally soft iterative pruning scheme. With little extra calculation, an extremely sparse model can be obtained without additional hyperparameters and extended training time. Moreover, this work proposes the concept of computational intensity to balance model memory and computational workload during pruning. Focusing on memory orientated pruning, we can achieve 303×, 100× and 25× parameter compression on LeNet-5 (MNIST), VGG (CIFAR-10) and AlexNet (ImageNet) models, respectively. In particular, combined with cluster quantization, the LeNet-5 model parameters can be compressed to 3232×. Focusing on workload orientated pruning, we can reduce the computation by 7}.6× on the AlexNet model, without accuracy loss, significantly higher than prior work. In addition, in order to verify the versatility of the pruning method, we also migrate the pruning task to the object detection and implement 10× parameter compression and 2.8× computation compression for YOLOv2 with reduced mAP within 1%. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Iterative methods

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Dynamic Student Classification with Forgetting Mechanisms on Memory Networks for Knowledge Tracing 5

Dynamic Student Classification with Forgetting Mechanisms on...

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5th International Conference on intelligent Computing and Human-computer Interaction, ICHCI 2024

作者： Huang, Guimin Qin, Xiangqian School of Computer Science and Information Security Guilin University of Electronic Technology Guangxi Key Laboratory of Image and Graphic Intelligent Processing Guilin China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350368284

Knowledge Tracing (KT), a technique for modeling students' knowledge levels and predicting their future question-answering performance based on their historical answer data, is one of the key research areas to strengthen the ability of personalized education. In recent years, memory networks have received more and more attention and application in the field of KT, however, the current KT model based on memory networks ignores the effect of students' learning sequence on the level of forgetting, and fails to model the forgetting behavior of students in the process of learning by using the characteristics of time intervals in the interaction data. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a dynamic student classification with forgetting mechanisms on memory networks model (DSCFMN), which enhance the existing model by dynamically classifying students similar to their learning abilities at specified time intervals, incorporating forgetting factors and introducing a weight decay strategy. Experiments show that our model performs well on online education datasets, and the proposed model achieves better prediction results than existing knowledge tracking methods. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Contrastive Learning

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UNRAVELING THE ENIGMA OF DOUBLE DESCENT: AN IN-DEPTH ANALYSIS THROUGH THE LENS OF LEARNED FEATURE SPACE 12

UNRAVELING THE ENIGMA OF DOUBLE DESCENT: AN IN-DEPTH ANALYSI...

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12th International Conference on Learning Representations, ICLR 2024

作者： Gu, Yufei Zheng, Xiaoqing Aste, Tomaso School of Computer Science Fudan University China Shanghai Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing China Department of Computer Science University College London United Kingdom

Double descent presents a counter-intuitive aspect within the machine learning domain, and researchers have observed its manifestation in various models and tasks. While some theoretical explanations have been proposed for this phenomenon in specific contexts, an accepted theory for its occurring mechanism in deep learning remains yet to be established. In this study, we revisit the phenomenon of double descent and demonstrate that the presence of noisy data strongly influences its occurrence. By comprehensively analysing the feature space of learned representations, we unveil that double descent arises in imperfect models trained with noisy data. We argue that while small and intermediate models before the interpolation threshold follow the traditional bias-variance trade-off, over-parameterized models interpolate noisy samples among robust data thus acquiring the capability to separate the information from the noise. The source code is available at https://***/Yufei-Gu-451/double_descent_***. © 2024 12th International Conference on Learning Representations, ICLR 2024. All rights reserved.

关键词： Economic and social effects

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