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Recent Advances in Federated Learning for Connected Autonomous Vehicles: Addressing Privacy, Performance, and Scalability Challenges

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IEEE Access 2025年 13卷 80637-80665页

作者： Ali, Asad Jianjun, Huang Jabbar, Ayesha Shenzhen University College of Electronics and Information Engineering Shenzhen518060 China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing Shenzhen518060 China

This review paper systematically explores the use of Federated Learning (FL) in Connected Autonomous Vehicles (CAVs) to improve vehicle performance, safety and user experience. FL presents a decentralized infrastructure that allows collaborative learning, while also ensuring data privacy, as CAVs increasingly rely on machine learning to process large amounts of sensor data. FL has been demonstrated to contribute to cooperative perception, vehicle trajectory prediction, traffic flow optimization, predictive maintenance, personalized in vehicle experiences, and advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) through recent advances. Secondly, FL speeds up anomaly and intrusion detection, critical safety and security matters in CAV ecosystems. However, despite all these advancements, there are still challenges of data heterogeneity, communication overhead, security vulnerabilities, model convergence as well as regulatory compliance that constitute major barriers to FL deployment. This paper synthesizes recent contributions on this topic, identifies some gaps in the current research, and proposes future directions to fill those gaps. Federated Learning is a promising technology path towards driving innovations and improving the power and effectiveness of Autonomous Transportation Systems. © 2013 IEEE.

关键词： Differential privacy

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Zero-sum game-based formation control for multi-USVs under hybrid irregular output constraints

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Nonlinear Dynamics 2025年 1-15页

作者： Tang, Daocheng Pang, Ning Wang, Xin Lei, Yan Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Circuits and Intelligent Information Processing College of Westa Southwest University Chongqing400715 China Department of Automation Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai200240 China Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Circuits and Intelligent Information Processing College of Electronic and Information Engineering Southwest University Chongqing400044 China

This article investigates the finite-time leader-following formation control (LFC) problem for multiple unmanned surface vehicles (USVs) subject to disturbances and hybrid irregular (HI) output constraints. Here, the HI output constraint refers to a generalized output constraint that alternates irregularly among unilateral (only upper or lower) constraints, bilateral (both upper and lower) constraints, and free-constraint over time. To handle HI output constraints in multi-USV scenarios, a novel barrier function (BF) is proposed to uniformly transform both bilateral and unilateral constrained systems into unconstrained ones for controller designs. Subsequently, a zero-sum game (ZSG)-based controller is developed for multi-USVs to guarantee robust optimal control (ROC) against the worst-case disturbance without extra anti-disturbance module designs. Furthermore, the identifier-actor-critic reinforcement learning (IAC-RL) framework is designed in the ZSG-based control scheme, where the identifier, critic, and actor are utilized to estimate unknown system dynamics, evaluate system performance, and implement control policy, respectively. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme is demonstrated through simulations of the multi-USV model. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V. 2025.

关键词： Robust control

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An Improved Compressive Sensing-Based Model for Efficient Analysis of Monostatic Electromagnetic Scattering Problems

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IEEE Microwave and Wireless Technology Letters 2025年第4期35卷 388-391页

作者： Qi, Qi Fan, Yunuo Cao, Xinyuan Liu, Yi Kong, Meng Huang, Zhixiang Wu, Xianliang Hefei Normal University Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Simulation Calculation and Design for Electronic Information System Hefei230601 China Anhui University Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing and Signal Processing Ministry of Education Hefei230601 China

To further accelerate the analysis of monostatic electromagnetic (EM) scattering problems of objects, an improved compressive sensing (CS)-based model is proposed. First, an orthogonal subspace spanned by the wide-angle induced currents is identified by means of the wide-angle incident sources. Then, the sparse transform of the induced currents is replaced by the subspace projection. In addition, an optimal number of measurements is determined, only slightly larger than the dimension of the subspace. Finally, the recovery algorithm is simplified to the least-squares method to solve the resulting overdetermined system. Compared with the traditional CS-based model, the proposed model significantly improves the efficiency of the recovery step and optimizes both the requirement for and the way of determining the number of measurements. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Least squares approximations

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Surface-PMSM Sensorless Control Strategy Based on Reduced-Order Linear Kalman Filter Cooperating with Prediction Error Rolling Compensation

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IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics 2025年第8期40卷 10804-10815页

作者： Xu, Sang Shen, Anwen Tang, Qipeng Wang, Miaomiao Luo, Pan Luo, Xin Xu, Jinbang National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Multispectral Information Processing Key Laboratory of Image Processing and Intelligent Control School of Artificial Intelligence and Automation Wuhan430074 China Science and Technology on Reactor System Design Technology Laboratory Chengdu China

Kalman filter (KF) is increasingly attracted for sensorless control of surface permanent magnet synchronous motors (SPMSMs) due to its strong robustness against measurement and system noise. However, conventional method suffers from poor position and speed estimation accuracy under dynamic conditions, and high computational cost. In order to solve these problems, an enhanced sensorless control strategy based on reduced-order linear Kalman filter (RLKF) cooperating with prediction error rolling compensation is introduced in this paper. Differing from conventional method, a reduced-order linear state equation encompassing rotor position, speed and torque disturbance is constructed. Then, by obtaining the prediction error of system output using the motor current equation in the predictive reference frame, the optimal estimation of rotor position and speed in KF algorithm is achieved based on the reduced-order model. This not only simplifies the calculation process, but also enhances the position and speed estimation accuracy under dynamic conditions. Meanwhile, a prediction error rolling compensation algorithm is developed to minimize the estimation deviations caused by motor parameters variations. Additionally, the system's dynamic performance is further improved with an adopted speed controller based on torque disturbance feedforward and acceleration feedback. Finally, experimental results verify the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed strategy.1 © 1986-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Permanent magnets

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LFIZW-GRHFMR: Robust Zero-Watermarking with GRHFMR for Light Field Image

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ACM Transactions on Multimedia computing, Communications and Applications 2025年第4期21卷 1-17页

作者： Wen, Wenying Ye, Yu Yuan, Ziye Qiu, Baolin Hua, Dingli School of Computing and Artificial Intelligence Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics Nanchang China Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Multimedia Intelligent Processing Nanchang China

Light field (LF) image data potentially involves a lot of sensitive information about users. Its transmission channel breaches could compromise user privacy and implicate illegal activities. Therefore, the confidentiality and integrity of LF image data transmission are crucial. However, most of the existing watermarking techniques may not adequately consider the confidentiality and integrity authentication of LF image data transmission. To address this problem, this article employs Generic Radial Harmonic Fourier Moments in Radon space (GRHFMR) to propose a robust zero-watermarking scheme of the LF image, called LFIZW-GRHFMR. Specifically, the radial harmonic Fourier coefficients of sub-aperture images (SAIs) of LF image are calculated by taking into full consideration the characteristics of the GRHFMR variable weight basis function, and then the corresponding watermarks are combined to generate zero-watermarks with stronger robustness. For yielding more watermarking information and enhancing security authentication, the 32 key SAIs of LF image at a sampling rate of 0.5 are selected to act with GRHFMR. Meanwhile, the key SAIs are converted as video streaming with high efficiency video coding for transmission to improve the data transmission efficiency. Extensive experimental results demonstrate that the proposed LFIZW-GRHFMR outperforms the latest watermarking methods. © 2025 Copyright held by the owner/author(s).

关键词： Video streaming

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HyFit: Hybrid Fine-Tuning With Diverse Sampling for Abstractive Summarization

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IEEE Transactions on Big Data 2025年第3期11卷 1054-1065页

作者： Zhao, Shu Cheng, Yuanfang Zhang, Yanping Chen, Jie Duan, Zhen Sun, Yang Wang, Xinyuan Anhui University Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing and Signal Processing Hefei230601 China Anhui University School of Computer Science and Technology Hefei230601 China Anhui University Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province Hefei230601 China

Abstractive summarization has made significant progress in recent years, which aims to generate a concise and coherent summary that contains the most important facts from the source document. Current fine-tuning approaches based on pre-training models typically rely on autoregressive and maximum likelihood estimation, which may result in inconsistent historical distributions generated during the training and inference stages, i.e., exposure bias problem. To alleviate this problem, we propose a hybrid fine-tuning model(HyFit), which combines contrastive learning and reinforcement learning in a diverse sampling space. Firstly, we introduce reparameterization and probability-based sampling methods to generate a set of summary candidates called candidates bank, which improves the diversity and quality of the decoding sampling space and incorporates the potential for uncertainty. Secondly, hybrid fine-tuning with sampled candidates bank, upweighting confident summaries and downweighting unconfident ones. Experiments demonstrate that HyFit significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art models on SAMSum and DialogSum. HyFit also shows good performance on low-resource summarization, on DialogSum dataset, using only approximate 8% of the examples exceed the performance of the base model trained on all examples. © 2015 IEEE.

关键词： Reinforcement learning

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Positioning Error Compensation via Channel Knowledge Map for UAV Communication

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IEEE Internet of Things Journal 2025年第11期12卷 16977-16989页

作者： Zhang, Chiya Wang, Ting He, Chunlong Harbin Institute of Technology School of Electronic and Information Engineering Shenzhen518055 China Shenzhen University Guangdong Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing Shenzhen518060 China

When Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) perform high-precision communication tasks, such as searching for users and providing emergency coverage, positioning errors between base stations and users make it challenging to deploy trajectory planning algorithms. To address these challenges caused by position errors, a framework was proposed to compensate it by Channel Knowledge Map (CKM), which stores channel state information (CSI). By taking the positions with errors as input, the generated CKM could give a prediction of signal attenuation which is close to true positions. Based on that, the predictions are utilized to calculate the received power and a PPO-based algorithm is applied to optimize the compensation. After training, the framework is able to find a strategy that minimize the flight time under communication constraints and positioning error. Besides, the confidence interval is calculated to assist the allocation of power and the update of CKM is studied to adapt to the dynamic environment. Simulation results show the robustness of CKM to positioning error and environmental changes, and the superiority of CKM-assisted UAV communication design. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV)

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HRAM-VITON: High-Resolution Virtual Try-On with Attention Mechanism

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2025年第2期82卷 2753-2768页

作者： Yue Chen Xiaoman Liang Mugang Lin Fachao Zhang Huihuang Zhao College of Computer Science and Technology Hengyang Normal UniversityHengyang421002China Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing and Application Hengyang421002China

The objective of image-based virtual try-on is to seamlessly integrate clothing onto a target image, generating a realistic representation of the character in the specified attire. However, existing virtual try-on methods frequently encounter challenges, including misalignment between the body and clothing, noticeable artifacts, and the loss of intricate garment details. To overcome these challenges, we introduce a two-stage high-resolution virtual try-on framework that integrates an attention mechanism, comprising a garment warping stage and an image generation stage. During the garment warping stage, we incorporate a channel attention mechanism to effectively retain the critical features of the garment, addressing challenges such as the loss of patterns, colors, and other essential details commonly observed in virtual try-on images produced by existing methods. During the image generation stage, with the aim of maximizing the utilization of the information proffered by the input image, the input features undergo double sampling within the normalization procedure, thereby enhancing the detail fidelity and clothing alignment efficacy of the output image. Experimental evaluations conducted on high-resolution datasets validate the effectiveness of the proposed method. Results demonstrate significant improvements in preserving garment details, reducing artifacts, and achieving superior alignment between the clothing and body compared to baseline methods, establishing its advantage in generating realistic and high-quality virtual try-on images.

关键词： Virtual try-on attention mechanism high-resolution image generation

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Metalens-based hybrid probe near-infrared endoscope objective

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Optics Express 2025年第3期33卷 5757-5768页

作者： Song, Yichen Mao, Shan Tang, Yufeng Zhao, Jianlin Key Laboratory of Light Field Manipulation and Information Acquisition Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Optical Information Technology School of Physical Science and Technology Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi’an710129 China Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Optical Remote Sensing and Intelligent Information Processing Xi’an710119 China

Rapid large-area deep tissue imaging at long working distances is important for clinical diagnosis. A near-infrared metalens-based hybrid probe con-focal micro-endoscope (pCM) objective with a large field of view of 500 µm, a long working distance of 300 µm, and a small caliber of 2.2 mm was designed, which is compatible with conventional endoscopes to produce cell-resolution images of deep tissues. The performance of the metalens-based hybrid objective optical system was analyzed. Results show that the metalens-based hybrid pCM significantly improves the imaging quality of such optical systems under the premise of meeting the design accuracy requirements, which provides a new solution and an effective realization for the design of such optical systems. © 2025 Optica Publishing Group under the terms of the Optica Open Access Publishing Agreement.

关键词： Infrared devices

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Underwater target recognition based on adaptive multi-feature fusion network

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2025年第10期84卷 7297-7317页

作者： Pan, Xiaoying Sun, Jia Feng, TianHao Lei, MingZhu Wang, Hao Zhang, WuXia Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Network Data Analysis and Intelligent Processing Xi’an710121 China Xi’an Key Laboratory of Big Data and Intelligent Computing Xi’an710121 China School of Computer Science and Technology Xi’an University of Post & Telecommunications Xi’an710121 China

Due to the complexity of the underwater environment, underwater acoustic target recognition is more challenging than ordinary target recognition, and has become a hot topic in the field of underwater acoustics research. In recent years, deep learning has been widely used in underwater recognition due to its powerful feature learning capabilities. However, most deep learning-based underwater target recognition methods use only the time-frequency domain features of signals, ignoring the frequency domain image features of signals. Additionally, they only use simple summation or splicing strategies to fuse and discriminate the extracted features, which leads to limited improvement in the accuracy of underwater target recognition. To address these issues, this paper proposes an underwater target recognition method based on an adaptive multi-feature fusion network. The method consists of a data pre-processing module, a multi-dimensional feature extraction module, and an adaptive multi-feature fusion module. In the multi-dimensional feature extraction module, the long short time memory network (LSTM) and the one-dimensional convolutional neural network (1DCNN) are used to extract the time-frequency features of the underwater signal. Furthermore, the two-dimensional convolutional neural network (2DCNN) is used to extract the image features in the frequency domain. The adaptive multi-feature fusion module uses an attention mechanism for adaptive weighted fusion to make full use of the learned features. The effectiveness of the proposed method is validated on the ShipEar dataset, and the recognition accuracy reaches 94.92%, which is higher than other existing methods. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Feature extraction

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