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Glo-net: A dual task branch based neural network for multi-class glomeruli segmentation

Computers in Biology and Medicine 2025年 186卷 109670-109670页

作者： Wang, Xiangxue Zhang, Jingkai Xu, Yuemei Huang, Yang Ming, Wenlong Jiao, Yiping Liu, Bicheng Fan, Xiangshan Xu, Jun Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Intelligent Medical Image Computing School of Future Technology Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Nanjing210044 China Department of Pathology Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School Nanjing210008 China Institute of Nephrology Zhong Da Hospital Southeast University School of Medicine 210009 China

Accurate segmentation and classification of glomeruli are fundamental to histopathology slide analysis in renal pathology, which helps to characterize individual kidney disease. Accurate segmentation of glomeruli of different types faces two main challenges compared to traditional primitives segmentation in computational image analysis. Limited by small kernel size, traditional convolutional neural networks could hardly understand the complete context information of different glomeruli. Moreover, typical semantic segmentation networks lack adequate attention to difficult glomerular samples during the training process due to serious class imbalance between different glomeruli types. We propose a new deep learning approach, Glo-Net, which accurately segments and classifies glomeruli based on digitized pathology slides. Specifically, Glo-Net divides the traditional semantic segmentation network into two branches, i.e., segmentation and classification. While the segmentation branch specifically aims at localizing and delineating the boundary of individual glomerulus, the classification branch could focus on differentiating the glomerular types based on segmented pixels. In addition, an innovative loss function is added to the classification task to compensate for the class imbalance and minor types of glomeruli. The proposed network's average accuracy and F-score in classification tasks on the multi-institution datasets (including an external validation set) are 0.858 and 0.704, respectively. The average intersection over union (IoU) in segmentation tasks is 0.866. The Glo-Net demonstrates a 5 % improvement in classification accuracy, with up to 14 % increases for minor classes and an average 6 % IoU increase for segmentation tasks. Quantitative results show that our network achieves overall higher accuracy for segmentation and classification among nine subtypes of glomeruli compared to previous work with improved robustness and generalizability. © 2025 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： Semantic Segmentation

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A review of multimodal fusion–based deep learning for Alzheimer's disease

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Neuroscience 2025年 576卷 80-95页

作者： Zhang, Rong Sheng, Jinhua Zhang, Qiao Wang, Junmei Wang, Binbing School of Computer Science and Technology Hangzhou Dianzi University Zhejiang Hangzhou 310018 China Key Laboratory of Intelligent Image Analysis for Sensory and Cognitive Health Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of P. R. China Zhejiang Hangzhou 310018 China Beijing Hospital Beijing 100730 China National Center of Gerontology Beijing 100730 China Institute of Geriatric Medicine Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Beijing 100730 China

Alzheimer's Disease (AD) as one of the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorders worldwide, characterized by significant memory and cognitive decline in its later stages, severely impacting daily lives. Consequently, early diagnosis and accurate assessment are crucial for delaying disease progression. In recent years, multimodal imaging has gained widespread adoption in AD diagnosis and research, particularly the combined use of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Positron Emission Tomography (PET). The complementarity of these modalities in structural and metabolic information offers a unique advantage for comprehensive disease understanding and precise diagnosis. With the rapid advancement of deep learning techniques, efficient fusion of MRI and PET multimodal data has emerged as a prominent research focus. This review systematically surveys the latest advancements in deep learning-based multimodal fusion of MRI and PET images for AD research, with a particular focus on studies published in the past five years (2021–2025). It first introduces the main sources of AD-related data, along with data preprocessing and feature extraction methods. Then, it summarizes performance metrics and multimodal fusion techniques. Next, it explores the application of various deep learning models and their variants in multimodal fusion tasks. Finally, it analyzes the key challenges currently faced in the field, including data scarcity and imbalance, inter-institutional data heterogeneity, etc., and discusses potential solutions and future research directions. This review aims to provide systematic guidance for researchers in the field of MRI and PET multimodal fusion, with the ultimate goal of advancing the development of early AD diagnosis and intervention strategies. © 2025 International Brain Research Organization (IBRO)

关键词： Alzheimer's Disease Deep learning Detection and classification MRI and PET Multimodal

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Medka: A Knowledge Graph-Augmented Approach to Improve Factuality in medical Large Language Models

SSRN

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SSRN 2025年

作者： Deng, Yiyan Zhao, Shen Miao, Yongming Zhu, Junjie Li, Jin Department of Artificial Intelligence Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Jiangsu Nanjing China Department of Breast Surgery Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center Shanghai China Department of Oncology Shanghai Medical College Fudan University Shanghai China Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Intelligent Medical Image Computing Jiangsu Nanjing China

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable potential in medical applications. However, they still face critical challenges such as hallucinations, knowledge inconsistency, and insufficient integration of domain-specific medical expertise. To address these limitations, we introduce MedKA, a novel knowledge graph-augmented approach for fine-tuning and evaluating medical LLMs. Our approach transforms structured knowledge from the knowledge graph into high-quality corpus, the cMKGQA dataset, which is used for one-stage LLM fine-tuning. This transformation process ensures the comprehensive integration of domain-specific knowledge while maintaining factual consistency. To evaluate the effectiveness of our approach, we introduce the Knowledge Graph-based Auxiliary Evaluation Metrics (KG-AEMs), a novel framework specifically designed to assess the factual accuracy of medical responses. Experimental results demonstrate that MedKA achieves state-of-the-art performance, significantly outperforming existing models, including LLaMA-3.1-8B-Chinese-Chat, HuatuoGPT2-7B, and Apollo2-7B. On the cMKGQA dataset, MedKA achieves 44.63 BLEU-1 and 17.62 BLEU-4 scores, with particularly strong performance in areas such as medication recommendations and diagnostic tests as measured by KG-AEMs. Our approach highlights the potential of integrating knowledge graphs into LLM fine-tuning to improve the accuracy and reliability of medical AI systems. It advances factual accuracy in medical dialogue systems and provides a comprehensive framework for evaluating the integration of medical knowledge into LLMs. This work is publicly available on Github: https://***/Yai017/MedKA. © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Knowledge graph

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A Novel Construction of Two-Dimensional Z-Complementary Array Code Sets Based on Extended Boolean Functions

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IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology 2025年

作者： Tian, Liying Song, Xiaoshi Li, Yubo Zhang, Haijun Northeastern University School of Computer Science and Engineering Shenyang110819 China Northeastern University Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing in Medical Image Ministry of Education Shenyang110189 China Yanshan University School of Information Science and Engineering Qinhuangdao066004 China Hebei Key Laboratory of Information Transmission and Signal Processing Qinhuangdao066004 China University of Science and Technology Beijing School of Computer and Communication Engineering Beijing100083 China

Two-dimensional (2-D) array sets with good 2-D correlation properties have received considerable attention in wireless communication systems. This paper focuses on 2-D Z-complementary array code sets (ZCACSs), which have ideal 2-D correlation properties within a rectangular zone around the origin. By developing a theory linking 2-D extended Boolean functions with 2-D arrays, we establish an efficient construction of 2-D ZCACSs. In contrast to previous work, the proposed construction is capable of producing 2-D ZCACSs with new flexible parameters. Constructions of three-dimensional (3-D) and higher-dimensional ZCACSs are further investigated. We remark that 2-D and higher-dimensional complete complementary codes (CCCs) can also be generated from the proposed constructions. © 1967-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Codes (symbols)

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Channel and space-based joint rate allocation algorithm

Channel and space-based joint rate allocation algorithm

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International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP)

作者： Dayong Wang Chao Yuan Yu Sun Xin Lu Hui Guo Frederic Dufaux Ce Zhu Key Laboratory of Big Data Intelligent Computing Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications Guangxi Key Laboratory of Machine Vision and Intelligent Control Wuzhou University Chongqing Key Laboratory of Image Cognition Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications China Department of Computer Science University of Central Arkansas Faculty of Computing Engineering and Media (CEM) De Montfort University UK Université Paris-Saclay CNRS CentraleSupélec Laboratoire Des Signaux et Systèmes France School of Information and Communication Engineering University of Electronic Science and Technology of China

ISBN: (数字)9798350368741

ISBN: (纸本)9798350368758

Rate control is a critical component for image and video compression Particularly under limited network bandwidth conditions, bitrate control is essential to ensure efficient image transmission by effectively allocation channel resources. In this research, since both Channel and Spatial have relationship with rate allocation, we first propose a joint Channel-wise and Spatial-wise Quantization scheme to determine optimal quantization parameters. Subsequently, we develop a quantization step estimation network to obtain parameters to efficiently allocate rate according to target rate. Experiments demonstrate that our algorithm significantly improve compressed image quality with minimal bitrate distortion and achieve accurate rate control with nearly 3% average bitrate error.

关键词： image quality Quantization (signal) image coding Bit rate Signal processing algorithms Estimation Rate-distortion Video compression Resource management Speech processing

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Enhancing bone-conducted speech with spectrum similarity metric in adversarial learning

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Speech Communication 2025年 170卷

作者： Pan, Yan Zhou, Jian Wang, Huabin Zheng, Wenming Tao, Liang Kwan, Hon Keung Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing and Signal Processing of Ministry of Education Anhui University Hefei230601 China Key Laboratory of Child Development and Learning Science Ministry of Education and School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering Southeast University Nanjing210096 China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Windsor Windsor Canada

Although bone-conducted (BC) speech offers the advantage of being insusceptible to background noise, its transmission path through bone tissue entails not only serious attenuation of high-frequency components but also speech distortion and the loss of unvoiced speech, resulting in a substantial degradation in both speech quality and intelligibility. Existing BC speech enhancement methods focus mainly on approaching high-frequency component restoration but overlook the restoration of missing unvoiced speech and the mitigation of speech distortion, resulting in a noticeable gap in speech quality and intelligibility compared to air-conducted (AC) speech. In this paper, a spectrum-similarity metric based adversarial learning method is proposed for bone-conducted speech enhancement. The acoustic features corresponding to source-excitation and filter-response are disentangled using the WORLD vocoder and mapped to its AC speech counterparts with logarithmic Gaussian normalization and a vocal tract converter, respectively. To reconstruct unvoiced speech from BC speech and decrease the nonlinear speech distortion in BC speech, the vocal tract converter predicts low-dimensional Mel-cepstral coefficients of AC speech using a generator which is supervised by a classification discriminator and a spectrum similarity discriminator. While the classification discriminator is used to distinguish between authentic AC speech and enhanced BC speech, the spectrum similarity discriminator is designed to evaluate the spectrum similarity between enhanced BC speech and its AC counterpart. To evaluate spectrum similarity, the correlation of time–frequency units in spectrum of long duration is captured within the self-attention layer embedded in the spectrum similarity discriminator. Experimental results on various speech datasets show that the proposed method is capable of restoring unvoiced speech segment and diminishing speech distortion, resulting in predicting accurate fine-grained AC spe

关键词： Speech intelligibility

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Memristor-Based Circuit of Sequential Associative Memory with Memory Interactions and Stimulus Similarity Effect

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IEEE Transactions on Cognitive and Developmental Systems 2025年

作者： Xiong, Dongdong Wang, Xiaoping Jiang, Yiming Yang, Chao Jiang, Man Lai, Jingang Zeng, Zhigang Huazhong University of Science and Technology School of Artificial Intelligence and Automation Wuhan430074 China Key Laboratory of Image Processing and Intelligent Control of Education Ministry of China Wuhan430074 China Hubei Key Laboratory of Braininspired Intelligent Systems Wuhan430074 China Huazhong University of Science and Technology Institute of Artificial Intelligence School of Artificial Intelligence and Automation Key Laboratory of Image Processing and Intelligent Control of Education Ministry of China Wuhan430074 China Guangxi University of Science and Technology School of Computer Science and Technology Liuzhou545006 China Huazhong University of Science and Technology Department of Physiology School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College Wuhan430030 China

Most proposed memristor-based circuits of associative memory consider various mechanisms in only one associative memory. Few works on circuit design of sequential associative memory have been reported. In this paper, a memristor-based circuit of sequential associative memory with memory interactions and stimulus similarity effect is designed. Two associative memories, the prior associative memory (PAM) and the later associative memory (LAM), are formed successively. The PAM modifies the rate of the formation of the LAM, and the LAM, in turn, affects the strength of the PAM, which are two interactions in sequential associative memory, called transfer and retroaction. In addition, the magnitudes of transfer and retroaction are determined by the similarity of the conditioned stimuli. The above functions are realized by the ring input processing module, memory module, transfer module and retroaction module. It has been identified in circuit analysis that the proposed circuit is power efficient and has good robustness. Furthermore, the proposed circuit has promising applications for fire rescue robots. © 2016 IEEE.

关键词： Associative storage

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FundusGAN: A Hierarchical Feature-Aware Generative Framework for High-Fidelity Fundus image Generation

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Hou, Qingshan Wang, Meng Cao, Peng Ke, Zou Liu, Xiaoli Fu, Huazhu Zaiane, Osmar R. Computer Science and Engineering Northeastern University Shenyang China Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing in Medical Image of Ministry of Education Northeastern University Shenyang China Alberta Machine Intelligence Institute University of Alberta Edmonton Canada Ophthalmology Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of Singapore Singapore Institute of High Performance Computing Agency for Science Technology and Research Singapore

Recent advancements in ophthalmology foundation models such as RetFound have demonstrated remarkable diagnostic capabilities but require massive datasets for effective pre-training, creating significant barriers for development and deployment. To address this critical challenge, we propose FundusGAN, a novel hierarchical feature-aware generative framework specifically designed for high-fidelity fundus image synthesis. Our approach leverages a Feature Pyramid Network within its encoder to comprehensively extract multi-scale information, capturing both large anatomical structures and subtle pathological features. The framework incorporates a modified StyleGAN-based generator with dilated convolutions and strategic upsampling adjustments to preserve critical retinal structures while enhancing pathological detail representation. Comprehensive evaluations on the DDR, DRIVE, and IDRiD datasets demonstrate that FundusGAN consistently outperforms state-of-the-art methods across multiple metrics (SSIM: 0.8863, FID: 54.2, KID: 0.0436 on DDR). Furthermore, disease classification experiments reveal that augmenting training data with FundusGAN-generated images significantly improves diagnostic accuracy across multiple CNN architectures (up to 6.49% improvement with ResNet50). These results establish FundusGAN as a valuable foundation model component that effectively addresses data scarcity challenges in ophthalmological AI research, enabling more robust and generalizable diagnostic systems while reducing dependency on large-scale clinical data collection. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Ophthalmology

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Asymptotically Optimal Sequence Sets With Low/Zero Ambiguity Zone Properties

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IEEE Transactions on Information Theory 2025年

作者： Tian, Liying Song, Xiaoshi Liu, Zilong Li, Yubo Northeastern University School of Computer Science and Engineering Shenyang110819 China Northeastern University Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing in Medical Image Ministry of Education Shenyang110189 China University of Essex School of Computer Science and Electronics Engineering ColchesterCO4 3SQ United Kingdom Yanshan University School of Information Science and Engineering Qinhuangdao066004 China Hebei Key Laboratory of Information Transmission and Signal Processing Qinhuangdao066004 China

Sequences with low/zero ambiguity zone (LAZ/ZAZ) properties are useful in modern communication and radar systems operating over mobile environments. This paper first presents a new family of ZAZ sequence sets motivated by the "modulating" zero correlation zone (ZCZ) sequences which were first proposed by Popovic and Mauritz. We then introduce a second family of ZAZ sequence sets with comb-like spectrum, whereby the local Doppler resilience is guaranteed by their inherent spectral nulls in the frequency domain. Finally, LAZ sequence sets are obtained by exploiting their connection with a novel class of mapping functions. These proposed unimodular ZAZ and LAZ sequence sets are cyclically distinct and asymptotically optimal with respect to the existing theoretical bounds on ambiguity functions. © 1963-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Frequency domain analysis

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Multitask Auxiliary Network for Perceptual Quality Assessment of Non-Uniformly Distorted Omnidirectional images

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Yan, Jiebin Rao, Jiale Chen, Junjie Tan, Ziwen Liu, Weide Fang, Yuming School of Computing and Artificial Intelligence Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics China Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Multimedia Intelligent Processing Nanchang330032 China Harvard Medical School Harvard University United States

Omnidirectional image quality assessment (OIQA) has been widely investigated in the past few years and achieved much success. However, most of existing studies are dedicated to solve the uniform distortion problem in OIQA, which has a natural gap with the non-uniform distortion problem, and their ability in capturing non-uniform distortion is far from satisfactory. To narrow this gap, in this paper, we propose a multitask auxiliary network for non-uniformly distorted omnidirectional images, where the parameters are optimized by jointly training the main task and other auxiliary tasks. The proposed network mainly consists of three parts: a backbone for extracting multiscale features from the viewport sequence, a multitask feature selection module for dynamically allocating specific features to different tasks, and auxiliary sub-networks for guiding the proposed model to capture local distortion and global quality change. Extensive experiments conducted on two large-scale OIQA databases demonstrate that the proposed model outperforms other state-of-the-art OIQA metrics, and these auxiliary sub-networks contribute to improve the performance of the proposed model. The source code is available at https://***/RJL2000/MTAOIQA. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： image quality

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