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DBSSL: A Scheme to Detect Backdoor Attacks in Self-Supervised Learning Models

IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing 2025年

作者： Huang, Yuxian Yang, Geng Yuan, Dong Yu, Shui Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunication College of Computer Science and Software China Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Big Data Security and Intelligent Processing China University of Sydney School of Electrical and Information Engineering Australia University of Technology Sydney School of Computer Science Australia

Recently, self-supervised learning has garnered significant attention for its ability to extract high-quality features from unlabeled data. However, existing research indicates that backdoor attacks can pose significant threats to self-supervised learning. Additionally, due to the substantial training overhead, traditional backdoor detection methods in supervised learning, such as meta-learning, are not well-suited for self-supervised learning. Current backdoor detection methods for self-supervised learning can only defend against backdoor attacks triggered by patch. To address this challenge, we proposes DBSSL, a scheme that can efficiently detect backdoor attacks in self-supervised learning models. In DBSSL, we connect backdoor attacks with adversarial attacks and use adversarial perturbations for detection. Specifically, we first conduct targeted adversarial attacks on the samples, classifying them into different classes. Then, we employ the Z-Score method to analyze these adversarial perturbations. If outliers are present, we can infer that the self-supervised learning model has been backdoored. Unlike previous works, our scheme is better suited for downstream users with constrained computation resources and exhibits excellent detection capabilities for backdoor attacks caused by patch -type or global triggers. Abundant theoretical analysis has demonstrated the feasibility of our scheme. Moreover, extensive experiments show that our method performs well in detecting prevalent backdoor attacks in self-supervised learning, achieving detection accuracy exceeding 95%. © 2004-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Self-supervised learning

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Security Performance Analysis for MIMO Systems: From Artificial Noise's Power and Dimension Perspective

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IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology 2025年

作者： Xu, Panpan Li, Zhenling Li, Chunguo Tan, Weijie Guizhou University School of Mathematics and Statistics Guiyang550025 China Southeast University School of Information Science and Engineering Nanjing210096 China Guizhou University State Key Laboratory of Public Big Data College of Computer Science and Technology Guiyang550025 China

This paper analyzes the influence of power and dimension of artificial noise (AN) on security performance of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system with multiple randomly located eavesdroppers. We derive the closed-form expressions of the secrecy outage probability (SOP) and the optimal secrecy capacity by utilizing the irrelevance among transmission channels, and the orthogonality between AN and the basis vectors of the legitimate channel matrix's null space. We use the Poisson point process to determine the number and location of eavesdroppers, then analyze the security performance of the communication system under the 3D channel condition of probability-based line-of-sight (LoS) or non-line-of-sight (NLoS) channel. The simulation results show the following conclusions. When the AN dimension reaches 1/4 highest dimension (i.e., one quarter of the number of transmitting antennae less than one) and the power splitter factor (PSF) falls in the open interval (0.6, 0.9), we can achieve a trade-off between secrecy capacity and design complexity. © 1967-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Vector spaces

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AMHF-TP: Multifunctional therapeutic peptides prediction based on multi-granularity hierarchical features

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Quantitative Biology 2025年第1期 44-58页

作者： Shouheng Tuo YanLing Zhu Jiangkun Lin Jiewei Jiang School of Computer Science and Technology Xi'an University of Posts and Telecommunications Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Network Data Analysis and Intelligent Processing Xi'an Key Laboratory of Big Data and Intelligent Computing School of Electronic Engineering Xi'an University of Posts and Telecommunications

Multifunctional therapeutic peptides(MFTP) hold immense potential in diverse therapeutic contexts, yet their prediction and identification remain challenging due to the limitations of traditional methodologies, such as extensive training durations, limited sample sizes, and inadequate generalization capabilities. To address these issues, we present AMHF-TP, an advanced method for MFTP recognition that utilizes attention mechanisms and multi-granularity hierarchical features to enhance performance. The AMHF-TP is composed of four key components: a migration learning module that leverages pretrained models to extract atomic compositional features of MFTP sequences; a convolutional neural network and selfattention module that refine feature extraction from amino acid sequences and their secondary structures; a hypergraph module that constructs a hypergraph for complex similarity representation between MFTP sequences; and a hierarchical feature extraction module that integrates multimodal peptide sequence features. Compared with leading methods,the proposed AMHF-TP demonstrates superior precision, accuracy, and coverage, underscoring its effectiveness and robustness in MFTP recognition. The comparative analysis of separate hierarchical models and the combined model, as well as with five contemporary models, reveals AMHF-TP's exceptional performance and stability in recognition tasks.

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Incentive Mechanism Design for Federated Learning With Dynamic Network Pricing

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IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing 2025年

作者： Ding, Ningning Gao, Lin Huang, Jianwei Data Science and Analytics Thrust Internet of Things Thrust Information Hub Guangzhou China Harbin Institute of Technology School of Electronics and Information Engineering Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aerospace Communication and Networking Technology Shenzhen China The Chinese University of Hong Kong School of Science and Engineering Shenzhen Research Institute of Big Data Shenzhen Shenzhen518172 China

Federated learning protects users' data privacy by sharing users' local model parameters (instead of raw data) with a server. However, when massive users train a large machine learning model through federated learning, the dynamically varying and often heavy communication overhead can put significant pressure on the network operator. The operator may choose to dynamically change the network prices in response, which will eventually affect the payoffs of the server and users. This paper considers the under-explored yet important issue of the joint design of participation incentives (for encouraging users' contribution to federated learning) and network pricing (for managing network resources). Due to heterogeneous users' private information and multi-dimensional decisions, the optimization problems in Stage I of multi-stage games are non-convex. Nevertheless, we are able to analytically derive the corresponding optimal contract and pricing mechanism through proper transformations of constraints, variables, and functions, under three interaction structures of the participants. We show that the coordinated structure is better than the two uncoordinated structures, as it avoids the selfish behaviors of the network operator and the server;the vertically uncoordinated structure is better than the horizontally uncoordinated structure, as it avoids the interests misalignment between the server and the network operator. We also propose multi-period network pricing to reduce the implementation complexity of dynamic pricing. Numerical results based on real-world datasets show that our proposed mechanisms decrease the server's cost by up to 24.87% and increase the network operator's profit by up to 1245.25%, compared with the state-of-the-art benchmarks. © 2025 IEEE. All rights reserved.

关键词： Federated learning

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EvoPath: Evolutionary Meta-path Discovery with Large Language Models for Complex Heterogeneous Information Networks

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Liu, Shixuan Cheng, Haoxiang Wang, Yunfei He, Yue Fan, Changjun Liu, Zhong Laboratory for Big Data and Decision College of Systems Engineering National University of Defense Technology Hunan Changsha China National Key Laboratory of Information Systems Engineering College of Systems Engineering National University of Defense Technology Hunan Changsha China Department of Computer Science and Technology Tsinghua University Beijing China

Heterogeneous Information Networks (HINs) encapsulate diverse entity and relation types, with meta-paths providing essential meta-level semantics for knowledge reasoning, although their utility is constrained by discovery challenges. While Large Language Models (LLMs) offer new prospects for meta-path discovery due to their extensive knowledge encoding and efficiency, their adaptation faces challenges such as corpora bias, lexical discrepancies, and hallucination. This paper pioneers the mitigation of these challenges by presenting EvoPath, an innovative framework that leverages LLMs to efficiently identify high-quality meta-paths. EvoPath is carefully designed, with each component aimed at addressing issues that could lead to potential knowledge conflicts. With a minimal subset of HIN facts, EvoPath iteratively generates and evolves meta-paths by dynamically replaying meta-paths in the buffer with prioritization based on their scores. Comprehensive experiments on three large, complex HINs with hundreds of relations demonstrate that our framework, EvoPath, enables LLMs to generate high-quality meta-paths through effective prompting, confirming its superior performance in HIN reasoning tasks. Further ablation studies validate the effectiveness of each module within the framework. © 2025, CC BY-NC-ND.

关键词： Semantics

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Research on the Effect of Surface Roughness of Molybdenum Shield on the Sapphire Crystal Growth

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Integrated Ferroelectrics 2025年

作者： Wang, DongYang Jiang, JianWei Liu, KaiGe Ruan, ShuangChen Zhai, JianPang College of Big Data and Internet Shenzhen Technology University Shenzhen China Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging National-Regional Key Technology Engineering Laboratory for Medical Ultrasound School of Biomedical Engineering Shenzhen University Medical School Shenzhen China College of New Materials and New Energies Shenzhen Technology University Shenzhen China Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Precision Manufacturing Technology of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes Shenzhen Technology University Shenzhen China

The temperature field determines the environment in which sapphire crystals are grown, and the molybdenum shield is one of the core components to maintain a stable temperature field. In production, it has been found that the appearance of the molybdenum shield surface changes as the use time increases. In this study, the surface roughness and reflectivity of old and new molybdenum shield samples were tested, and it was found that the surface roughness of the old molybdenum shield was larger and the reflectivity was lower, and the reflectivity of the molybdenum shield was negatively correlated with its surface roughness. Based on the test data, the sapphire crystal growth process was simulated numerically, and the crystal growth experiments were carried out using the old and new molybdenum shield respectively. The old molybdenum shield with low reflectivity would increase the power of the single crystal furnace, change the radial and axis temperature distribution of the temperature field, and make the crystal-melt growth interface too flat and the stress value too large, resulting in increasing the risk of cracking and bubbles in the crystal, leading to the degradation of crystal quality. © 2025 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.

关键词： Single crystals

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Joint Multi-Scale Contextual and Noise Suppression for Group Emotion Recognition

Joint Multi-Scale Contextual and Noise Suppression for Group...

引用

International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP)

作者： Wangdong Guo Qing Zhu Qirong Mao School of Computer Science and Communication Engineering Jiangsu University Jiangsu Engineering Research Center of Big Data Ubiquitous Perception and Intelligent Agriculture Applications Provincial Key Laboratory of Computational Intelligence and New Technologies in Low-Altitude Digital Agriculture Zhenjiang China

ISBN: (数字)9798350368741

ISBN: (纸本)9798350368758

Group Emotion Recognition (GER) seeks to identify emotional states within multi-person groups. The complexity of the environment and the reliance on a single group emotion label often result in noisy individuals with inconsistent emotional expressions, hampering accurate emotion classification. Mainstream GER networks attempt to downweight noisy individuals, but when their numbers are high and over-relying on a single group label, the negative impact of noise on individuals remains significant, further complicating classification and diminishing accuracy. To address these limitations, we propose the Multi-Scale Contextual and Noise Suppression Model (MCon-NSM), a novel framework that enhances GER by capturing fine-grained interaction contexts and collaboratively suppressing noise at both the individual and group label levels. Extensive experiments on the GAF series datasets demonstrate that our method achieves results comparable to state-of-the-art techniques, validating its effectiveness in mitigating noise in GER.

关键词： Emotion recognition Analytical models Accuracy Noise Noise reduction Speech recognition Complexity theory Noise measurement Speech processing Context modeling

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First report of multidrug-resistant and pathogenic Plesiomonas shigelloides from endangered crested ibis (Nipponia nippon)

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BMC Veterinary Research 2025年第1期21卷 1-12页

作者： Xia, Jing Shao, Lele Chen, Xuanyi Ji, Yi Ma, Wulin Chen, keyuan Qiu, Guoqiang Song, Houhui Yang, Yongchun Key Laboratory of Applied Biotechnology on Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine of Zhejiang Province Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Veterinary Diagnostics & Advanced Technology Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Veterinary Medicine and Health Management Belt and Road International Joint Laboratory for One Health and Food Safety China-Australia Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics College of Veterinary Medicine of Zhejiang A & F University 666 Wusu Street Lin’an District Zhejiang Province Hangzhou 311300 China Deqing County Ecological Forestry Comprehensive Service Center Zhejiang Province Deqing 313200 China

Plesiomonas shigelloides (P. shigelloides) is a gram-negative, thermotolerant, motile, and pleomorphic microorganism that acts as an opportunistic pathogen, capable of causing abscesses, enteric infections, and even sepsis in humans and other animals, thereby posing a threat to human and animal health worldwide. The crested ibis (Nipponia nippon) is a globally endangered avian species with a limited population and is vulnerable for various infections. To gain a better understanding of the prevalence of P. shigelloides in the endangered crested ibis, fecal samples from the crested ibis at the Xiazhu Lake Crested Ibis Breeding Research Center, China were collected and analyzed. The results confirmed that 45.6% (36/79) of the fecal samples tested positive for P. shigelloides. Antibiotic susceptibility testing showed that 27.8% (10/36) of P. shigelloides isolates were multidrug-resistant, with resistance to ampicillin and amikacin being 100% and 77.8%, respectively. Subsequently, ten representative isolates were subjected to whole genome sequencing, and resistance and virulence genes were analyzed. The evolutionary tree of the genomes show that these strains have different origins, with one strain closely related to a strain from human. Finally, the pathogenicity experiment demonstrated that several strains exhibit pathogenicity in both mice and waterfowl, with two strains displaying lethal pathogenicity in mice. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of multidrug-resistant and pathogenic P. shigelloides isolated from the crested ibis, suggesting a potential threat to this endangered species and broader public health implications. © The Author(s) 2025.

关键词： Crested ibis Multidrug resistance Plesiomonas shigelloides Public health

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Rotation-Adaptive Point Cloud Domain Generalization via Intricate Orientation Learning

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Liu, Bangzhen Zheng, Chenxi Xu, Xuemiao Xu, Cheng Zhang, Huaidong He, Shengfeng South China University of Technology Guangzhou China Guangdong Engineering Center for Large Model and GenAI Technology The State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Building and Urban Science The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Big Data and Intelligent Robot The Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Computational Intelligence and Cyberspace Information China Singapore Management University Singapore

The vulnerability of 3D point cloud analysis to unpredictable rotations poses an open yet challenging problem: orientation-aware 3D domain generalization. Cross-domain robustness and adaptability of 3D representations are crucial but not easily achieved through rotation augmentation. Motivated by the inherent advantages of intricate orientations in enhancing generalizability, we propose an innovative rotation-adaptive domain generalization framework for 3D point cloud analysis. Our approach aims to alleviate orientational shifts by leveraging intricate samples in an iterative learning process. Specifically, we identify the most challenging rotation for each point cloud and construct an intricate orientation set by optimizing intricate orientations. Subsequently, we employ an orientation-aware contrastive learning framework that incorporates an orientation consistency loss and a margin separation loss, enabling effective learning of categorically discriminative and generalizable features with rotation consistency. Extensive experiments and ablations conducted on 3D cross-domain benchmarks firmly establish the state-of-the-art performance of our proposed approach in the context of orientation-aware 3D domain generalization. © 2025, CC BY-NC-SA.

关键词： Contrastive Learning

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Privacy Law Enforcement Under Centralized Governance: A Qualitative Analysis of Four Years’ Special Privacy Rectification Campaigns

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Jing, Tao Li, Yao Ye, Jingzhou Wang, Jie Wang, Xueqiang School of Cyber Science and Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology China JinYinHu Laboratory China University of Central Florida United States Hubei Key Laboratory of Distributed System Security Hubei Engineering Research Center on Big Data Security School of Cyber Science and Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology China

In recent years, major privacy laws like the GDPR have brought about positive changes. However, challenges remain in enforcing the laws, particularly due to under-resourced regulators facing a large number of potential privacy-violating software applications (apps) and the high costs of investigating them. Since 2019, China has launched a series of privacy enforcement campaigns known as Special Privacy Rectification Campaigns (SPRCs) to address widespread privacy violations in its mobile application (app) ecosystem. Unlike the enforcement of the GDPR, SPRCs are characterized by large-scale privacy reviews and strict sanctions, under the strong control of central authorities. In SPRCs, central government authorities issue administrative orders to mobilize various resources for market-wide privacy reviews of mobile apps. They enforce strict sanctions by requiring privacy-violating apps to rectify issues within a short timeframe or face removal from app stores. While there are a few reports on SPRCs, the effectiveness and potential problems of this campaign-style privacy enforcement approach remain unclear to the community. In this study, we conducted 18 semi-structured interviews with app-related engineers involved in SPRCs to better understand the campaign-style privacy enforcement. Based on the interviews, we reported our findings on a variety of aspects of SPRCs, such as the processes that app engineers regularly follow to achieve privacy compliance in SPRCs, the challenges they encounter, the solutions they adopt to address these challenges, and the impacts of SPRCs, etc. We found that app engineers face a series of challenges in achieving privacy compliance in their apps. For example, they receive inconsistent app privacy review reports from multiple app stores and have difficulties confirming the issues flagged by these reports;they also lack institutional support for studying privacy laws, self-validating privacy compliance of their apps, communicating effectiv

关键词： Differential privacy

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