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A comprehensive survey on shadow removal from document images: datasets, methods, and opportunities

Vicinagearth 2025年第1期2卷 1-18页

作者： Wang, Bingshu Li, Changping Zou, Wenbin Zhang, Yongjun Chen, Xuhang Chen, C.L. Philip School of Software Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi’an China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing & Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Media Security Shenzhen University Shenzhen China Guangdong Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing College of Electronics and Information Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen China Yongjun Zhang is with the State Key Laboratory of Public Big Data College of Computer Science and Technology Guizhou University Guiyang China School of Computer Science and Engineering Huizhou University Huizhou China School of Computer Science and Engineering South China University of Technology and Pazhou Lab Guangzhou China

With the rapid development of document digitization, people have become accustomed to capturing and processing documents using electronic devices such as smartphones. However, the captured document images often suffer from issues like shadows and noise due to environmental factors, which can affect their readability. To improve the quality of captured document images, researchers have proposed a series of models or frameworks and applied them in distinct scenarios such as image enhancement, and document information extraction. In this paper, we primarily focus on shadow removal methods and open-source datasets. We concentrate on recent advancements in this area, first organizing and analyzing nine available datasets. Then, the methods are categorized into conventional methods and neural network-based methods. Conventional methods use manually designed features and include shadow map-based approaches and illumination-based approaches. Neural network-based methods automatically generate features from data and are divided into single-stage approaches and multi-stage approaches. We detail representative algorithms and briefly describe some typical techniques. Finally, we analyze and discuss experimental results, identifying the limitations of datasets and methods. Future research directions are discussed, and nine suggestions for shadow removal from document images are proposed. To our knowledge, this is the first survey of shadow removal methods and related datasets from document images.

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Self-Q-switching with interferometers

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Physical Review A 2024年第3期109卷 033507-033507页

作者： Gang Wang Chenxi Zhang Hong Jin Lijun Xu Bo Fu School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering Beihang University Beijing 100191 China Key Laboratory of Big Data-Based Precision Medicine Ministry of Industry and Information Technology School of Engineering Medicine Beihang University Beijing 100191 China

Self-Q-switching facilitates the generation of pulsed lasers without resorting to conventional Q-switched techniques, while there has been limited research and theoretical development in this area. In this paper, we introduce an interference-based self-Q-switching phenomenon and conduct a comprehensive numerical analysis. Our findings reveal distinct properties when compared to traditional Q-switching, underscoring the role of interferometers. Through a combination of experimental measurements and waveguide simulations, we propose a self-Q-switching mechanism based on jitter-induced filtering. This mechanism aligns well with our experimental observations and provides an explanation from the perspective of the frequency domain. This research contributes to the understanding of self-Q-switching theory and its excitation.

关键词： Laser dynamics Optics & lasers Laser techniques

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MMAL: Multi-Modal Analytic Learning for Exemplar-Free Audio-Visual Class Incremental Tasks 24

MMAL: Multi-Modal Analytic Learning for Exemplar-Free Audio-...

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32nd ACM International Conference on Multimedia, MM 2024

作者： Yue, Xianghu Zhang, Xueyi Chen, Yiming Zhang, Chengwei Lao, Mingrui Zhuang, Huiping Qian, Xinyuan Li, Haizhou Department of Electrical and Computer and Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore Laboratory for Big Data and Decision National University of Defense Technology Hunan Changsha China School of Electronic Electrical and Communication Engineering University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China National Key Laboratory of Information Systems Engineering National University of Defense Technology Hunan Changsha China Shien-Ming Wu School of Intelligent Engineering South China University of Technology Guangdong Guangzhou China School of Computer and Communication Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing China Shenzhen China

ISBN: (纸本)9798400706868

Class-incremental learning poses a significant challenge under an exemplar-free constraint, leading to catastrophic forgetting and sub-par incremental accuracy. Previous attempts have focused primarily on single-modality tasks, such as image classification or audio event classification. However, in the context of Audio-Visual Class-Incremental Learning (AVCIL), the effective integration and utilization of heterogeneous modalities, with their complementary and enhancing characteristics, remains largely unexplored. To bridge this gap, we propose the Multi-Modal Analytic Learning (MMAL) framework, an exemplar-free solution for AVCIL that employs a closed-form, linear approach. To be specific, MMAL introduces a modality fusion module that re-formulates the AVCIL problem through a Recursive Least-Square (RLS) perspective. Complementing this, a Modality-Specific knowledge Compensation (MSKC) module is designed to further alleviate the under-fitting limitation intrinsic to analytic learning by harnessing individual knowledge from audio and visual modality in tandem. Comprehensive experimental comparisons with existing methods show that our proposed MMAL demonstrates superior performance with the accuracy of 76.71%, 78.98%, and 76.19% on AVE, Kinetics-Sounds, and VGGSounds100 datasets, respectively, setting new state-of-the-art AVCIL performance. Notably, compared to those memory-based methods, our MMAL, being an exemplar-free approach, provides good data privacy and can better leverage multi-modal information for improved incremental accuracy. © 2024 ACM.

关键词： Contrastive Learning

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^(3)S_(1)–^(3)D_(1) coupled channel Λ_(c)N interactions:chiral effective field theory versus lattice QCD

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2023年第1期75卷 86-95页

作者： Jing Song Yang Xiao Zhi-Wei Liu Kai-Wen Li Li-Sheng Geng School of space and environment Beihang UniversityBeijing102206China School of Physics Beihang UniversityBeijing102206China UniversitéParis-Saclay CNRS/IN2P3IJCLabOrsayF-91405France Medical Management Department CAS Ion Medical Technology Co.LtdBeijing 100190China Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine School of Medicine and EngineeringBeihang UniversityKey Laboratory of Big Data-Based Precision Medicine(Beihang University)Ministry of Industry and Information TechnologyBeijing100191China Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Nuclear Materials and Physics Beihang UniversityBeijing102206China School of Physics and Microelectronics Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenan450001China

We study the lattice QCDΛ_(c)N phase shifts for the^(3)S_(1)-^(3)D_(1)coupled channel using both the leading order covariant chiral effective theory and the next-to-leading order non-relativistic chiral effective field theory(ChEFT).We show that although it is possible to describe simultaneously the^(3)S_(1)and^(3)D_(1)phase shifts and the inelasticityη_(1),the fitted energy range is quite small,only up to E_(c.m.)=5 *** raises concerns regarding the consistency between leading/next-to-leading order ChEFT and the lattice QCD simulations.

关键词： Λ_(c)N interaction covariant ChEFT lattice QCD

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DBSSL: A Scheme to Detect Backdoor Attacks in Self-Supervised Learning Models

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IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing 2025年

作者： Huang, Yuxian Yang, Geng Yuan, Dong Yu, Shui Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunication College of Computer Science and Software China Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Big Data Security and Intelligent Processing China University of Sydney School of Electrical and Information Engineering Australia University of Technology Sydney School of Computer Science Australia

Recently, self-supervised learning has garnered significant attention for its ability to extract high-quality features from unlabeled data. However, existing research indicates that backdoor attacks can pose significant threats to self-supervised learning. Additionally, due to the substantial training overhead, traditional backdoor detection methods in supervised learning, such as meta-learning, are not well-suited for self-supervised learning. Current backdoor detection methods for self-supervised learning can only defend against backdoor attacks triggered by patch. To address this challenge, we proposes DBSSL, a scheme that can efficiently detect backdoor attacks in self-supervised learning models. In DBSSL, we connect backdoor attacks with adversarial attacks and use adversarial perturbations for detection. Specifically, we first conduct targeted adversarial attacks on the samples, classifying them into different classes. Then, we employ the Z-Score method to analyze these adversarial perturbations. If outliers are present, we can infer that the self-supervised learning model has been backdoored. Unlike previous works, our scheme is better suited for downstream users with constrained computation resources and exhibits excellent detection capabilities for backdoor attacks caused by patch -type or global triggers. Abundant theoretical analysis has demonstrated the feasibility of our scheme. Moreover, extensive experiments show that our method performs well in detecting prevalent backdoor attacks in self-supervised learning, achieving detection accuracy exceeding 95%. © 2004-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Self-supervised learning

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An Efficient Particle YOLO Detector for Urine Sediment Detection 4th

An Efficient Particle YOLO Detector for Urine Sediment Dete...

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4th International Conference on Machine Learning for Cyber Security, ML4CS 2022

作者： Chen, Zejian Hu, Rong Chen, Fukun Fan, Haoyi Ching, Fum Yew Li, Zuoyong Su, Shimei Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Big Data Mining and Applications School of Computer Science and Mathematics Fujian University of Technology Fujian Fuzhou350118 China School of Computer and Artificial Intelligence Zhengzhou University Henan Zhengzhou450001 China School of Computer Sciences Universiti Sains Malaysia Penang11800 Malaysia Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Information Processing and Intelligent Control College of Computer and Control Engineering Minjiang University Fujian Fuzhou350121 China School of Electrical Engineering Zhengzhou University Henan Zhengzhou450001 China

ISBN: (纸本)9783031201011

Urine sediment detection is an essential aid in assessing kidney health. Traditional machine learning approaches treat urine sediment particle detection as an image classification task, segmenting particles for detection based on information such as edges or thresholds. However, the segmentation of sediment particles is complex due to the low contrast and weak edge characteristics of urine sediment images. In this paper, we consider urine sediment particle detection as a object detection task and propose the YOLOv5s-CBL, a detector dedicated to particle detection. Specifically, to mitigate the impact of background noise on detection accuracy, we inherit CBAM on the YOLOv5s model to help the network filter useless noise information and find regions of interest to extract target features. Then, we expand the original three-scale feature layer to improve the sensitivity of the model to larger-scale target sediment particles. Finally, we use the BiFPN structure instead of the original PANet combined with the FPN structure, which can more effectively fuse multiple different scales of information to improve the detection performance of the model. We compared state-of-the-art methods on two real-world datasets, and the experimental results demonstrated the effectiveness of YOLOv5s-CBL. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

关键词： Object detection

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Research on long and short-term social recommendation based on convolutional and gated recurrent units 29

Research on long and short-term social recommendation based ...

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29th IEEE International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Systems, ICPADS 2023

作者： Jia, Zihe Xue, Peng Dai, Zhiqiang Gao, Qian Zhang, Xiaomeng Key Laboratory of Computing Power Network and Information Security Ministry of Education Shandong Computer Science Center Jinan250014 China Shandong Engineering Research Center of Big Data Applied Technology Faculty of Computer Science and Technology Jinan250353 China Shandong Fundamental Research Center for Computer Science Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Computer Networks Jinan250014 China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350330717

The development of the Internet has made people more closely related and has put forward higher requirements for recommendation models. Most recommendation models are studied only for the long-term interests of users. In this paper, the interaction time between the user and the item is introduced as auxiliary information in the model construction. Interaction time is used to determine users' long-term preferences and short-term preferences. In this paper, temporal features are extracted by building a convolutional gated recurrent unit with attention neural network (CNN-GRU-Attention). Firstly, for the problem of accurate feature extraction, CNN are constructed to extract higher-level and more abstract features of themselves and transform high-dimensional data into low-dimensional data;secondly, for the problem of social temporality, GRU are used to not only extract temporal information, but also effectively reduce gradient dispersion, making model convergence and training easier;finally, Graph Attention networks are used to aggregate the social relationship information of users and items respectively, which constitute the final feature representation of users and items respectively. In particular, a modified cosine similarity is used to reduce the error caused by data insensitivity when constructing the social information of the item. In this study, simulation experiments are conducted on two publicly available datasets (Epinions and Ciao), and the experimental results show that the proposed recommended model performs better than other social recommendation models, improving the evaluation metrics of MAE and RMSE by 1.06%-1.33% and 1.19%-1.37%, respectively. The effectiveness of the model innovation is proved. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： convolutional gated recurrent unit graph attention networks neighborhood recommendation systems social networks

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A secure quantum homomorphic encryption ciphertext retrieval scheme

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Soft Computing 2025年第3期29卷 1497-1509页

作者： Cheng, Zhen-Wen Chen, Xiu-Bo Xu, Gang Chang, Yan Miao, Li-Hua Yang, Yi-Xian Wang, Ya-Lan School of Data and Computer Science Shandong Women’s University Jinan250300 China Information Security Center State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications Beijing100876 China School of Information Science and Technology North China University of Technology Beijing100144 China School of Cybersecurity Chengdu University of Information Technology Chengdu610225 China Huawei Technologies Co. Ltd Shenzhen518129 China Department of Computer Science Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences University of Surrey Surrey GuildfordGU2 7XH United Kingdom

In a recent paper (Gong et al. Quantum Inf Process 19:3, 2020), a novel ciphertext retrieval scheme based on the Grover algorithm and quantum homomorphic encryption was presented. In this scheme, when the server performs the operation of marking the solution on the user’s encrypted state in the Grover iteration, it needs to remove many gate-errors generated in the homomorphic evaluation of the T gate. And the server could judge this specific solution from the quantum circuit of marking the solution. It makes this scheme unable to achieve the low-cost and secure ciphertext retrieval. Therefore, we improve the Gong et al.’s scheme and propose a secure quantum homomorphic encryption ciphertext retrieval scheme. In our scheme, the trusted third party is introduced to cooperate with the server to execute the Grover algorithm. In each Grover iteration, the trusted third party can quickly mark the solution on the plaintext state, encrypt the marked state, and transmit it to the server. Then the server performs the remaining operations of this Grover iteration on the encrypted state. The trusted third party finally decrypts the iterated state. This cooperative approach ensures that the number of auxiliary qubits required and extra quantum gates executed in our scheme are lower than the Gong et al.’s scheme. By analyzing the security of our scheme, we confirm that the server and the trusted third party will not be informed of this solution. Thus, our scheme realizes the secure ciphertext retrieval with low computational overhead. We utilize IBM’s Qiskit framework to simulate our scheme, and the experimental result shows that our scheme is correct. It is worth noting that the low-cost and secure ciphertext retrieval will play a crucial role in modern information security and privacy protection. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2025.

关键词： Ciphertext

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A New Adaptive Image Sharpening Scheme 13

A New Adaptive Image Sharpening Scheme

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13th International Conference on information Technology in Medicine and Education, ITME 2023

作者： Chen, Tzong-Jer Lu, Rong-Hui School of Mathematics & Computer Science Wuyi University Fujian Wuyishan354300 China Wuyi University Fujian Key Laboratory of Big Data Application and Intellectualization for Tea Industry China Wuyi University Information Technology and Laboratory Management Center Fujian Wuyishan354300 China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350319156

The sharpening is a scheme applied to highlight the intensity transitions in an image. This enhancement increases edge acutance and significantly improves the overall sharpness of processed images. Image sharpening is also of enormous importance in medicine for diagnosis. Noise overshoot and over-sharpening effects occur in traditional sharpening algorithms. The adaptive approach skips the noise producing a better sharpening result. Abrupt pixel value changes, if adequately emphasized, can be utilized effectively in the sharpening process. Since a residual image contains noise with edges, the bigger the filter size the greater the content of edges left in the residual image. Two residual images are produced first with different filter sizes and assumed a relationship between two residuals. A simple linear regression is measured using these residuals. This linear equation is an expectation and the deviation is the difference between two residuals. The window may contain edges if the residual value measured by larger size filter to some degree higher than that by smaller size filter. One standard deviation (±σ) is proposed as the threshold, in this work. A sensitive sharpening filter is adaptively then applied to those locations in image. It has been demonstrated that the proposed approach yields better results than the global sharpening filter on the measurements of Pratt's P indices. A sharpening scheme without latent image noise amplification is useful for pattern recognition and machine-learning. In the future this scheme will be used to preprocess image segmentation and medical image. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Image segmentation

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Blockchain Security Research Progress and Hotspots

IAENG International Journal of Computer Science

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IAENG International Journal of computer Science 2022年第2期49卷 433页

作者： Yuan, Ke Yan, Yingjie Shen, Lin Tang, Qian Jia, Chunfu School of Computer and Information Engineering Henan University Kaifeng475004 China Henan Key Laboratory of Big Data Analysis and Processing Henan University Kaifeng475004 China College of Geography and Environmental Science Henan University Kaifeng475004 China College of Cybersecurity Nankai University Tianjin300350 China

Blockchain is poised to advance the cause of product innovation and technology evolution as a novel decentralized infrastructure and distributed computing model. However, there are serious security risks in the blockchain itself, which will restrict the development of blockchain and related applications. To better grasp the current status of blockchain security research and explore the research hotspots and frontier, this study used Citespace as a bibliometric analysis tool to collect 3993 research papers between 2014 and 2020 from the WoS Core Collection as a data sample. We conduct a comprehensive overview of blockchain security research in terms of authors, research institutions, publications, countries, citations and keywords in a visual graph. This paper shows that the literature record continues to be refreshed, and it peaked in 2019. China and the USA are the main regions for collaborative research. They have established partnerships with many countries whose research institutions and authors play an important role in the collaborative network. Blockchain security research hotspots are mainly related to "cryptocurrency", "supply chain", "smart contract", "healthcare", "consensus mechanism", "fog computing", "cyber attack" and "Internet of Thing (IoT)". The lineage of blockchain development has evolved from an early focus on cryptocurrency and blockchain security risk analysis to securing other areas, such as financial systems, the IoT and healthcare through blockchain. In the future, blockchain security research will be combined with much newer technologies to form diverse developments © 2022. IAENG International Journal of computer *** Rights Reserved.

关键词： Blockchain

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