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arXiv 2023年

作者： Li, Yingji Du, Mengnan Song, Rui Wang, Xin Wang, Ying College of Computer Science and Technology Jilin University Changchun130012 China Department of Data Science New Jersey Institute of Technology Newark United States School of Artificial Intelligence Jilin University Changchun130012 China Key Laboratory of Symbol Computation and Knowledge Engineering Jilin University Ministry of Education Changchun130012 China

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown powerful performance and development prospects and are widely deployed in the real world. However, LLMs can capture social biases from unprocessed training data and propagate the biases to downstream tasks. Unfair LLM systems have undesirable social impacts and potential harms. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive review of related research on fairness in LLMs. Considering the influence of parameter magnitude and training paradigm on research strategy, we divide existing fairness research into oriented to medium-sized LLMs under pre-training and fine-tuning paradigms and oriented to large-sized LLMs under prompting paradigms. First, for medium-sized LLMs, we introduce evaluation metrics and debiasing methods from the perspectives of intrinsic bias and extrinsic bias, respectively. Then, for large-sized LLMs, we introduce recent fairness research, including fairness evaluation, reasons for bias, and debiasing methods. Finally, we discuss and provide insight on the challenges and future directions for the development of fairness in LLMs. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Computational linguistics

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Predicting Response to Patients with Gastric Cancer Via a Dynamic-Aware Model with Longitudinal Liquid Biopsy data

SSRN

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Chen, Zifan Zhao, Jie Li, Yanyan Li, Yilin Liu, Huimin Feng, Xujiao Nan, Xinyu Dong, Bin Shen, Lin Chen, Yang Zhang, Li Center for Data Science Peking University Beijing China Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research Ministry of Education Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute Beijing China National Engineering Laboratory for Big Data Analysis and Applications Peking University Beijing China Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou China Peking University Beijing China Center for Machine Learning Research Peking University Beijing China Peking University Changsha Institute for Computing and Digital Economy Changsha China

Gastric cancer (GC) presents challenges in predicting treatment responses due to its patient-specific heterogeneity. Recently, liquid biopsies have become recognized as a valuable data modality, offering essential cellular and molecular insights and enabling the capture of time-sensitive information. This study aimed to harness artificial intelligence (AI) technology to analyze longitudinal liquid biopsy data. We collected a dataset from longitudinal liquid biopsies of 91 patients at Peking Cancer Hospital, spanning from July 2019 to April 2022, which included 1,895 tumor-related cellular images and 1,698 tumor marker indices. Subsequently, we introduced the Dynamic-Aware Model (DAM) to predict GC treatment responses. DAM incorporates the dynamic data through AI-engineered components, enabling an in-depth longitudinal analysis. Utilizing three-fold cross-validation, DAM exhibited superior performance over traditional cell-counting-based methods, achieving an AUC of 0.807 in predicting GC treatment responses. In the test set, DAM maintained stable efficacy with an AUC of 0.802. Besides, DAM showed the capability to accurately predict treatment responses from early treatment data. Moreover, DAM's visual analysis of attention mechanisms identified six dynamic focus-area-related visual features and their strong association with treatment response. These findings represent a pioneering effort in applying AI technology for interpreting longitudinal liquid biopsy data and employ visual analytics in GC, offering a promising avenue toward precise response prediction and tailored treatment strategies for patients with ***: This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81801778 to Li Zhang., 82203881 to Yang Chen, U22A20327 to Lin Shen, 12090022 to Bin Dong), Beijing Natural Science Foundation (7222021 to Yang Chen), Beijing Hospitals Authority Youth Programme (QML20231115 to Yang Chen), Clinical Medicine Plus X-Young Scholars Project of P

关键词： Diseases

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USL-Net: Uncertainty Self-Learning Network for Unsupervised Skin Lesion Segmentation

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Li, Xiaofan Peng, Bo Hu, Jie Ma, Changyou Yang, Daipeng Xie, Zhuyang School of Computing and Artificial Intelligence Southwest Jiaotong University Chengdu611756 China Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Urban Intelligent Transportation Ministry of Education Chengdu611756 China National Engineering Laboratory of Integrated Transportation Big Data Application Technology Southwest Jiaotong University Chengdu611756 China Manufacturing Industry Chains Collaboration and Information Support Technology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Southwest Jiaotong University Chengdu611756 China Data Recovery Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Neijiang Normal University Sichuan Neijiang641100 China

Unsupervised skin lesion segmentation offers several benefits, such as conserving expert human resources, reducing discrepancies caused by subjective human labeling, and adapting to novel environments. However, segmenting dermoscopic images without manual labeling guidance is a challenging task due to image artifacts such as hair noise, blister noise, and subtle edge differences. In this paper, we introduce an innovative Uncertainty Self-Learning Network (USL-Net) to eliminate the need for manual labeling guidance for the segmentation. Initially, features are extracted using contrastive learning, followed by the generation of Class Activation Maps (CAMs) as saliency maps. High-saliency regions in the map serve as pseudo-labels for lesion regions while low-saliency regions represent the background. Besides, intermediate regions can be hard to classify, often due to their proximity to lesion edges or interference from hair or blisters. Rather than risking potential pseudo-labeling errors or learning confusion by forcefully classifying these regions, they are taken as uncertainty regions by exempted from pseudo-labeling and allowing the network to self-learning. Further, we employ connectivity detection and centrality detection to refine foreground pseudo-labels and reduce noise-induced errors. The performance is further enhanced by the iterated refinement process. The experimental validation on ISIC-2017, ISIC-2018, and PH2 datasets demonstrates that its performance is comparable to supervised methods, and exceeds that of other existing unsupervised methods. On the typical ISIC-2017 dataset, our method outperforms state-of-the-art unsupervised methods by 1.7% in accuracy, 6.6% in Dice coefficient, 4.0% in Jaccard index, and 10.6% in sensitivity. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Contrastive Learning

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An Explainable Multi-view Semantic Fusion Model for Multimodal Fake News Detection

An Explainable Multi-view Semantic Fusion Model for Multimod...

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IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo (ICME)

作者： Zhi Zeng Mingmin Wu Guodong Li Xiang Li Zhongqiang Huang Ying Sha College of Informatics Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan China Key Laboratory of Smart Farming for Agricultural Animals Wuhan China Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center of Agricultural Big Data Wuhan China Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Technology for Agriculture Ministry of Education Urumqi China Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Wuhan China

The existing models have been achieved great success in capturing and fusing miltimodal semantics of news. However, they paid more attention to the global information, ignoring the interactions of global and local semantics and the inconsistency between different modalities. Therefore, we propose an explainable multi-view semantic fusion model (EMSFM), where we aggregate the important inconsistent semantics from local and global views to compensate the global information. Inspired by various forms of artificial fake news and real news, we summarize four views of multimodal correlation: consistency and inconsistency in the local and global views. Integrating these four views, our EMSFM can interpretatively establish global and local fusion between consistent and inconsistent semantics in multimodal relations for fake news detection. The extensive experimental results show that the EMSFM can improve the performance of multimodal fake news detection and provide a novel paradigm for explainable multi-view semantic fusion.

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Block-Structured Optimization for Subgraph Detection in Interdependent Networks

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Jie, Fei Wang, Chunpai Chen, Feng Li, Lei Wu, Xindong Key Laboratory of Knowledge Engineering with Big Data Hefei University of Technology Ministry of Education Hefei China School of Computer Science and Information Engineering Hefei University of Technology Hefei China Department of Computer Science University at Albany – SUNY AlbanyNY United States Erik Jonsson School of Engineering & Computer Science The University of Texas at Dallas DallasTX United States Mininglamp Academy of Sciences Mininglamp Technologies Beijing China Institute of Big Knowledge Science Hefei University of Technology Hefei China

We propose a generalized framework for block-structured nonconvex optimization, which can be applied to structured subgraph detection in interdependent networks, such as multi-layer networks, temporal networks, networks of networks, and many others. Specifically, we design an effective, efficient, and parallelizable projection algorithm, namely Graph Block-structured Gradient Projection (GBGP), to optimize a general non-linear function subject to graph-structured constraints. We prove that our algorithm: 1) runs in nearly-linear time on the network size;2) enjoys a theoretical approximation guarantee. Moreover, we demonstrate how our framework can be applied to two very practical applications and conduct comprehensive experiments to show the effectiveness and efficiency of our proposed algorithm. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Functions

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Gaussian Model-Based Fully Convolutional Networks for Multivariate Time Series Classification

Gaussian Model-Based Fully Convolutional Networks for Multiv...

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IEEE International Conference on big knowledge (ICBK)

作者： Changyang Tai Ze Yang Huicheng Zhang Gongqing Wu Junwei Lv Xianyu Bao Key Laboratory of Knowledge Engineering with Big Data of Ministry of Education Hefei University of Technology Hefei China School of Computer Science and Information Engineering Hefei University of Technology Hefei China Shenzhen Academy of Inspection and Quarantine Shenzhen China

ISBN: (纸本)9781665438599

Multivariate time series (MTS) classification has been regarded as one of the most challenging problems in data mining due to the difficulty in modeling the correlation of variables and samples. In addition, high-dimensional MTS modeling has a large time and space consumption. This paper proposes a novel method, Gaussian Model-based Fully Convolutional Networks (GM-FCN), to improve the performance of high-dimensional MTS classification. Each original MTS is converted into multivariate Gaussian model parameters as the input of FCN. These parameters effectively capture the correlation be-tween MTS variables and significantly reduce the data scale by aligning an MTS size to its dimension. FCN is designed to learn more in-depth features of MTS based on these parameters for modeling the correlation between samples. Thus, GM-FCN can not only model the correlation between variables, but also the correlation between samples. We compare GM-FCN with nine state-of-the-art MTS classification methods, INN-ED, INN-DTW-i, INN-DTW-D, KLD-GMC, MLP, ResNet, Encoder, MCNN, and MCDCNN, on four high-dimensional public datasets, experimen-tal results show that the accuracy of G M - FCN is significantly superior to the others. Besides, the training time of GM-FCN is dozens of times faster than FCN using the original equal-length MTS data as input.

关键词： Training knowledge engineering Deep learning Correlation Conferences Time series analysis data models

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Correcting the Bias: Mitigating Multimodal Inconsistency Contrastive Learning for Multimodal Fake News Detection

Correcting the Bias: Mitigating Multimodal Inconsistency Con...

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IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo (ICME)

Multimodal fake news detection has become a topical research of fake news detection. Existing models have made great efforts in capturing and fusing multimodal semantics of news for classification. However, they overlooked mitigating inconsistency between different modalities, which may result in learning biased statistical information. Therefore, we propose a mitigating multimodal inconsistency contrastive learning framework (MMICF), which mitigates inconsistency in multi-modal relations for fake news detection. Inspired by various forms of artificial fake news, we summarize two patterns of multimodal inconsistency: local and global inconsistency. To mitigate local inconsistency in multimodal relations, we use a causal-relation reasoning module by causally removing the direct effects of the textual and visual entities. Considering the influence of global inconsistency in multimodal semantics, our contrastive learning framework mitigates the semantic deviation of contrastive text-image objectives, which are constrained into a unified semantic space by a modal unified module. Thus, our MMICF can jointly mitigate local and global inconsistency for further maximally exploiting multimodal consistent semantics for fake news detection. The extensive experimental results show that the MMICF can improve the performance of multimodal fake news detection and provide a novel paradigm for mitigating multimodal inconsistency contrastive learning.

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A novel hyperchaotic multistable heterogeneous neural network with hidden attractors and its application in image encryption

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Chinese Journal of Physics 2025年

作者： Zhi Huang Zhen Li Qiao Wang Weijie Tan Xianming Wu College of Big Data and Information Engineering Guizhou University Guiyang 550025 China State Key Laboratory of Public Big Data Guizhou University Guiyang 550025 China Guizhou Key Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence and Brain-inspired Computing College of Mathematics and Big Data Guizhou Education University Guiyang 550018 China State Key Laboratory of Public Big Data Key Laboratory of Advanced Manufacturing Technology of Ministry of Education Guizhou University Guiyang 550025 China School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Guizhou Normal University Guiyang 550025 China

By simulating the unique properties of different types of neurons and their interconnecting patterns, heterogeneous neural networks can more accurately reflect the structural and functional characteristics of biological neural systems. Therefore, a novel hyperbolic non-volatile locally active memristor is proposed, enabling the construction of a heterogeneous Hindmarsh-Rose neuron memristive synapse-coupled Hopfield neural network (HR-M-HNN) via synaptic characteristic emulation. Dynamic analysis reveals that the HR-M-HNN exhibits hidden attractor characteristics due to the absence of equilibrium points and can generate complex dynamics behaviors, including hyperchaos, chaos, periodic and quasi-periodic, and multistability. Further research reveals a strong correlation between the chaotic state of HR-M-HNN and the locally active control parameter of the memristor. To verify the accuracy of the dynamic analysis, the corresponding analog circuit is designed. Furthermore, based on the HR-M-HNN hyperchaotic system, a novel image encryption scheme is proposed, which utilizes the position index of the Latin square to perform synchronous permutation and diffusion on the plain image, reducing redundant operations and effectively enhancing the encryption speed. Security analyses demonstrate that the proposed image encryption scheme offers excellent performance and robustness.

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An Offensive Language Identification Based on Deep Semantic Feature Fusion

An Offensive Language Identification Based on Deep Semantic ...

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International Conference on Computer and Communications (ICCC)

作者： Xiang Li Zhi Zeng Mingmin Wu Zhongqiang Huang Ying Sha Lei Shi College of Informatics Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan China Key Laboratory of Smart Farming for Agricultural Animals Wuhan China Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center of Agricultural Big Data Wuhan China Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Technology for Agriculture Ministry of Education

Various forms of social interactions are often char-acterized by toxic or offensive words that can be collectively referred to as offensive languages, which has become a unique linguistic phenomenon in social media platforms. How to detect and identify these offensive languages in social media platforms has become one of the important research in the field of natural language processing. Existing methods utilize machine learning algorithms or text representation models based on deep learning to learn the features of offensive languages and identify them, which have achieved good performances. However, traditional machine learning-based methods mainly rely on keyword identi-fication and blocking, deep learning-based methods do not ade-quately explore the fused deep semantic features of the content by combining word-level embeddings and sentence-level deep semantic feature representations of sentences, which cannot ef-fectively identify offensive languages that do not contain common offensive words but indicate offensive meanings. In this research, we propose a novel offensive language identification model based on deep semantic feature fusion, which uses the pre-trained model Bert to obtain word-level embedding representations of offensive languages, and then integrates the RCNN that combines with the attention mechanism to extract the fused deep semantic feature representations of offensive languages, and label encoder and offensive predictor to improve the identification accuracy and generalization ability of the model so that the performances of the model do not rely on the offensive language lexicon entirely and can identify offensive languages that do not contain common offensive words but indicate offensive meanings. Experimental results on Wikipedia and Twitter comment datasets show that our proposed model can better understand the context and discover potential offensive meanings, and outperforms existing methods.

关键词： Learning systems Social networking (online) Computational modeling Semantics Blogs Encyclopedias Predictive models

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Research on Crowdsourcing Truth Inference Method Based on Graph Embedding

Research on Crowdsourcing Truth Inference Method Based on Gr...

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IEEE International Conference on big knowledge (ICBK)

作者： Liangzhu Zhou Xingrui Zhuo Gongqing Wu Zan Zhang Xianyu Bao Key Laboratory of Knowledge Engineering with Big Data of Ministry of Education Hefei University of Technology Hefei China School of Computer Science and Information Engineering Hefei University of Technology Hefei China Shenzhen Academy of Inspection and Quarantine Shenzhen China

ISBN: (纸本)9781665438599

Crowdsourcing is a cheap and popular method to solve problems that are difficult for computers to handle. Due to the differences in ability among workers on crowdsourcing platforms, existing research use aggregation strategies to deal with the labels of different workers to improve the utility of crowdsourcing data. However, most of these studies are based on probabilistic graphical models, which have problems such as difficulty in setting initial parameters. This paper proposes a novel crowdsourcing method Truth Inference based on Graph Embedding (TIGE) for single-choice questions, the method draws on the idea of graph autoencoder, constructs feature vectors for each crowdsourcing task, embeds the relationship between crowdsourcing tasks and workers in graphs, then uses graph neural networks to convert crowdsourcing problems into graph node prediction problems. The feature vectors are continuously optimized in the convolutional layer to obtain the final result. Compared with the six state-of-the-art algorithms on real-world datasets, our method has significant advantages in accuracy and F1-score.

关键词： Crowdsourcing Training Graphical models Probabilistic logic Prediction algorithms Graph neural networks Robustness

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