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Disciplinary structure and development strategy of physical geography in China

Journal of Geographical Sciences 2022年第9期32卷 1642-1653页

作者： CHEN Fahu WU Shaohong lIU Hongyan YANG Xiaoyan lIU Jianbao State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System Resources and EnvironmentInstitute of Tibetan Plateau ResearchCASBeijing100101China Alpine Paleoecology and Human Adaptation Group(ALPHA) Institute of Tibetan Plateau ResearchCASBeijing100101China College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchCASBeijing100101China College of Urban and Environmental Sciences Peking UniversityBeijing100871China College of Earth and Environmental Sciences Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou730000China

Physical geography,one of the branches of geography,is the basic discipline of geographic *** it is the scientific foundation of ecology,environmental science and other related *** geography focuses on spatial characteristics,evolution and regional differentiation of the earth’s *** the new period of rapid development of social economy,and science and technology,physical geography is more closely and widely connected with human geography and,information *** paper analyzed the forming process of the physical geography,expressed sub-discipline structure of integrated physical geography,sectoral physical geography,human living-environment geography,and proposed the development strategy of physical geography and its sub-branch disciplines,key priority of development goals and directions in China.

关键词： physical geography disciplinary structure development strategy

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Vertical distribution changes in land cover between 1990 and 2015 within the Koshi River Basin,Central Himalayas

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2021年第10期31卷 1419-1436页

作者： WU Xue PAUDEl Basanta ZHANG Yili lIU linshan WANG Zhaofeng XIE Fangdi GAO Jungang SUN Xiaomin Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchCASBeijing 100101China Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchCASBeijing 100101China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Texas A&M AgriLife Blackland Res&Extens CtrTempleTX 76502USA

The study of mountain vertical natural belts is an important component in the study of regional *** areas are especially sensitive to climate change and have indicative function,which is the core of three-dimensional zonality ***,based on high precision land cover and digital elevation model(DEM)data,and supported by MATlAB and ArcGIS analyses,this paper aimed to study the present situation and changes of the land cover vertical belts between 1990 and 2015 on the northern and southern slopes of the Koshi River Basin(KRB).Results showed that the vertical belts on both slopes were markedly different from one *** vertical belts on the southern slope were mainly dominated by cropland,forest,bare land,and glacier and snow *** contrast,grassland,bare land,sparse vegetation,glacier and snow cover dominated the northern *** found that the main vertical belts across the KRB within this region have not changed substantially over the past 25 *** contrast,on the southern slope,the upper limits of cropland and bare land have moved to higher elevation,while the lower limits of forest and glacier and snow cover have moved to higher *** upper limit of alpine grassland on the northern slope retreated and moved to higher elevation,while the lower limits of glacier and snow cover and vegetation moved northward to higher *** in the vertical belt were influenced by climate change and human activities over *** was mainly controlled by human activities and climate warming,and the reduced precipitation also led to the abandonment of cropland,at least to a certain *** in grassland and forest ecosystems were predominantly influenced by both human activities and climate *** the same time,glacier and snow cover far away from human activities was also mainly influenced by climate warming.

关键词： vertical belt land cover Central Himalayas Koshi River Basin climate change

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Reconstruction of cropland area in the European part of Tsarist Russia from 1696 to 1914 based on historical documents

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2020年第8期30卷 1307-1324页

作者： ZHAO Zhilong FANG Xiuqi YE Yu ZHANG Chengpeng ZHANG Diyang Faculty of Geographical Science Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchCASBeijing 100101China

To evaluate the climatic and ecological impacts of anthropogenic activities in global change research,it is essential to reconstruct historical land use and land cover change on regional and global *** this study,we reconstructed cropland areas for 54 provinces within the European part of Tsarist Russia(ETR)over the periods of 1696–1914 using historical data,including cropland area,population,grain consumption,and grain yield per unit *** main results are as follows.(1)Total cropland areas and fractional cropland areas of ETR for 8 time sections during 1696–1914 were reconstructed,the former increased from 31.98×104 km2 to 147.40×104 km2,and the latter increased from 7.89%to 29.20%.The per capita cropland area decreased from 0.0246 km2 to 0.0113 km2 during 1696–1914.(2)Cropland expanded from the central and southwestern ETR to the black soil region,surrounding area of the Volga River,Ukraine region,the new Russia region,the vicinity of Ural,and north Caucasus region.(3)The expansion of territory,increase and migration of population,policies related to agricultural development and foreign trade,and the impacts of climate change were the reasons for the changes in cropland within ETR from 1696 to 1914.(4)In 1914,the cropland area and fractional cropland area of each province varied from 0.16×104 km2 and 0.76%to 5.65×104 km2 and 76.68%,respectively.(5)The comparisons show that the cropland areas of ETR in this study for 1696–1914 are higher than those in the HYDE 3.2 *** main reason for this finding might be the underestimation of per capita cropland areas in the HYDE 3.2 dataset,which values remained at approximately 0.01 km2 from 1700 to 1920.

关键词： land use/cover change cropland area provincial-level reconstruction past 300 years Eastern Europe

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Factors influencing the spatial distribution and individual variation in urinary fluoride levels in Tibet, China

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Chemosphere 2023年第1期326卷 138493页

作者： Zhang, Ru Yang, Yi Deji, Yangzong li, Hairong li, Yonghua Nima, Cangjue Zhao, Shengcheng Gong, Hongqiang Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100101 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China Tibet Center of Disease Control and Prevention Lhasa850030 China

Nowadays, fluorosis is the most prevalent endemic disease in Tibet and one of the most concerned public health problems in China;urinary fluoride is a common diagnostic indicator of endemic fluorosis. However, the spatial distribution and influencing factors of urinary fluoride content in Tibet remain unclear. This study aims to bridge this gap by geographically weighted regression (GWR), analyses of variance (ANOVAs), Geodetector, and stepwise multiple linear regression (MlR). To achieve this goal, this study first investigated fluoride levels in the fasting urine among 637 Tibetan residents from 73 counties in Tibet, the urinary fluoride level was chosen as an indicator of fluorosis, which can reflect the health impairment. Then we identified the potential factors that could influence the spatial distribution and individual variation of urinary fluoride levels from physical environmental and socioeconomic perspective, respectively. The results showed that urinary fluoride levels in Tibet were slightly exceeding the average value for adult urinary fluoride in China, and that residents with high urinary fluoride were mainly found in the west and east;those with low urinary fluoride were mainly found in the central-southern regions. And the urinary fluoride levels had a significantly positive correlation with water fluoride and a significantly negative correlation with average annual temperature. Urinary fluoride levels increased until age 60 and followed an inverted "U"-shaped trajectory according to annual household income (80,000 renminbi (RMB) was the inflection point);pastoralists had greater exposure to fluoride than farmers. Furthermore, the Geodetector and MlR showed that the urinary fluoride level was influenced by both physical environmental and socioeconomic factors. The socioeconomic factors such as age, annual household income and occupation had a greater impact than the physical environment on urinary fluoride concentration. These findings can provide s

关键词： Diagnosis

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Future climate change decreases multi-pathway but increases respiratory human health risks of PAHs across China

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National Science Open 2024年第2期3卷 128-147页

作者： Jiaao Bao Xinghui Xia Ying Zhu Bingxiang Zhao Erxue Gu Yanan liu Xiao Yun Zhenrui Zhang Nannan Xi Yong Geng Ying Xu Zhifeng Yang Derek C.G.Muir Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences of Ministry of Education State Key Laboratory of Water Environment SimulationSchool of EnvironmentBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants School of Environmental Science and EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China College of Urban and Environmental Sciences Laboratory for Earth Surface ProcessesSino-French Institute for Earth System SciencePeking UniversityBeijing 100871China National Climate Center China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081China Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education Institute of Environmental and Ecological EngineeringGuangdong University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510006China Aquatic Contaminants Research Division Environment and Climate Change CanadaBurlington L7S 1A1Canada

Future climate change will affect the environmental fate of hydrophobic organic contaminants(HOCs)and associated human health risks,yet the extent of these effects remains ***,we couple a high-resolution environmental multimedia model with a bioaccumulation model to study the multimedia distribution of 16 priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs),a group of HOCs,and assess future PAH-related human health risks under varying climate change scenarios over China at a continental *** removing the effects of PAH emission changes,we find that the total PAH concentrations would decrease in the air,freshwater,sediment,soil,and organisms,while the high-molecular-weight PAH would increase in the air with climate warming from 1.5°C to 4°***,the multi-pathway exposure human health risks predominately influenced by dietary ingestion are expected to decrease by 1.7%–20.5%,while the respiratory risks are projected to rise by 0.2%–5.8%in the ***,the persistently high multi-pathway human health risks underscore the need for reducing future PAH emissions by 69%compared with 2009 levels in *** study demonstrates the urgency of limiting PAH emissions under future climate change for public health and highlights the importance of including the contribution of dietary ingestion in human health risk assessment.

关键词： polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons future climate change human health risks emission reduction

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Distribution, Trends, and Drivers of Snow Avalanche Susceptibility in the Earth's Third Pole

SSRN

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SSRN 2025年

作者： li, Chao-Yue Wei, Hao-Zhuo Hao, Jian-Sheng Wu, Ya-Qiao Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100101 China College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China Faculty of Geography Tianjin Normal University Tianjin300387 China

In the rapidly evolving mountain cryosphere, snow avalanches threaten livelihoods, settlements and infrastructure. However, the trends in avalanche susceptibility over recent decades remain unclear. Here, we identified and established an avalanche catalog database by combining remote sensing interpretation with field validation. Then, we developed an Intelligent Weighted Synergy Optimization Model (IWSOM), which improves predictive accuracy (AUC+0.17) by incorporating thresholds for snow cover days and slope. Utilizing this model, we quantified the evolution of avalanche susceptibility in the Third Pole over the past two decades. Our results indicate a general decline in avalanche susceptibility from 2003 to 2022, with approximately 26.5% of the region experiencing a significant reduction, mainly in the Nyainqentanglha Range and the Hengduan Mountains. We further found that high susceptibility zones are shifting to higher altitudes, while mid-low susceptibility zones are migrating downward. Moreover, avalanche susceptibility exhibits spatial interdependence, with its sensitivity progressively weakening from the monsoon zone to the westerly zone. The monsoon region emerges as the primary driver of the reduced avalanche susceptibility in the Third Pole. Our findings highlight the spatial variability and vertical zonation of avalanches susceptibility in the Third Pole, emphasizing the dominant role of topography in avalanche process. These results are of significant theoretical and practical importance for understanding the factors controlling avalanche events and for the scientific prevention and management of avalanche disasters. © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Atmospheric thermodynamics

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A large forage gap in forage availability in traditional pastoral regions in China

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Fundamental Research 2023年第2期3卷 188-200页

作者： Tong Yang Jinwei Dong lin Huang Yuzhe li Huimin Yan Jun Zhai Jie Wang Zhenong Jin Geli Zhang College of Land Science and Technology China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Satellite Environment Center Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People's Republic of ChinaBeijing 100094China College of Grassland Science and Technology China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering University of MinnesotaSt.Paul 55108MNUnited States of America

Forage supply has been stressed due to the rapid increase in China's livestock ***,the long-term dynamics of the relationships between forage demand and multi-sourced supply are not ***,we examine the annual forage demand,or practical carrying capacity(PCC),and supply,or theoretical carrying capacity(TCC)from 2000 to 2019 in *** construct a forage supply-demand index(FSDI)to represent the forage supply pressure using MODIS-derived net primary productivity products and provincial statistical datasets,and we consider two ***,natural grasslands are the sole source of ***,natural grassland forage supply is supplemented with straw *** find an increase in PCC in northwestern China's major pastoral and agropastoral provincial regions,including Inner Mongolia,Gansu,Ningxia and Qinghai,at rate of 0.24-3.59 million sheep units(SU)a *** the primary source of forage,the theoretical carrying capacity of natural grasslands(TCCgrass)expanded at a rate of 3 million SU/yr *** straws fed 126.58 million SU nationally in 2019,which accounted for 11.3%of the total practical carrying capacity and alleviated the forage supply pressure by reducing FSDI by 26.56%.During 2000–2019,the theoretical carrying capacity of straw crops(TCCcrop)increased rapidly from 76.5 million SU to 126.6 million SU,which accounted for 10%-15%of the total forage supply at the national *** also discovered large carrying capacity gaps(TCCgap)in the northwestern pastoral provincial regions of Inner Mongolia,Xinjiang,Gansu,and some agricultural provinces such as Shandong and Henan,when we considered forage supply from both natural grasslands and straw *** findings showed a large forage gap in the traditional pastoral regions,and we also discussed green fodder as a potential solution for balancing the supply of and demand for forage,which may shed light on crop and forage planning.

关键词： Forage supply-demand Natural grassland Crop straw Green fodder China Provincial

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Variations of surface ozone (O3) pollution and its relationship with meteorological factors in Xinyang City during 2015-2019

Variations of surface ozone (O3) pollution and its relations...

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2021 International Conference on Statistics, Applied Mathematics, and Computing Science, CSAMCS 2021

作者： Yan, Wei Jiang, Ziyun Zhou, Feng Ning, Jia liu, Minghua School of Geographic Sciences Xinyang Normal University Henan46400 China Xinyang Key Laboratory of Climate Change and Environmental Evolution Xinyang Normal University Xinyang46400 China College of Computer and Information Technology Xinyang Normal University Henan46400 China Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100101 China

ISBN: (纸本)9781510652026

With the rapid development of the economy, surface ozone (O3) has become one of the most critical pollutants which disturb urban air quality improvement and standard management. It is important to clarify the variation characteristics of urban surface O3 concentration and its influence factors for scientifically formulating early warning of O3 pollution and prevention and control schemes. In this paper, based on datasets of surface O3 concentration and meteorological data of Xinyang City during 2015∼2019, the variation characteristics of surface O3 concentration and the influence of meteorological factors on it were analysed by using statistical analysis and path analysis. The results show that the annual mean O3 concentration of Xinyang City fluctuated "declining-rising-declining"from 2015 to 2019, and the annual average probability in exceedance of the Chinese grade I and II ambient air quality standards were 41.7% and 10.7%, respectively. The monthly variation of O3 concentration presented a significant M-Type fluctuation, with the peak values appearing in May and September, respectively. The meteorological factors had different degrees of influence on O3 concentration, with the influence degree in order air temperature © COPYRIGHT SPIE.

关键词： Regression analysis

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Industrial land expansion in rural China threatens environmental securities

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2021年第2期15卷 127-139页

作者： Chi Zhang Wenhui Kuang Jianguo Wu Jiyuan liu Hanqin Tian Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water and Soil Conservation and Environmental Protection Linyi UniversityLinyi 276000China Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China School of Life Sciences&School of Sustainability Arizona State UniversityTempeAZ 85287USA International Center for Climate and Global Change Research School of Forestry and Wildlife SciencesAuburn UniversityAuburnAL 36849USA

China’s rural industrialization has been a major driver for its rapid economic growth during the recent decades,but its myriad environmental risks are yet to be fully *** on a comprehensive national land-use data set,our study shows that the area of China’s rural industrial land(RIl)quadrupled during 1990–2015,reaching 39338 km2 in 2015,comparable to urbanization in magnitude but with a much greater degree of landscape fragmentation which implies stronger ecological and environmental *** 91%of the protected areas in the central China were within 50 km from rural industrial land,thus exposed to industrial *** rural industrial land expansion,particularly in regions under high geo-hazard risks,led to dramatically increased environmental risks,threatening the safety and health of both rural industrial workers and ***,negative effects from rural industrial land expansion could partially offset the crop production growth in recent *** underprivileged rural population in the west bears a disproportionally large share of the increased environmental *** urgently needs to design and implement sustainable policies to restrict and reshape its rural *** study aims to inspire policy makers and researchers to rethink the current model of industrial expansion and improve rural industrial land planning,which is important for achieving the sustainable development goals of China.

关键词： Industrialization land-use change Environment risks Environmental security Urbanization China

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Does Biochar Restrict Cd Migration And Bioaccumulation In a Multi-Species Alkaline Fluvo-Aquic Soil System?

SSRN

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SSRN 2024年

作者： li, Dongqin lai, Changhong Chen, Guikui Zhang, Ru Wen, Dian Wu, Zhichao li, Furong Shi, Hanzhi Cao, Yiran Wang, Xu Institute of Quality Standard and Monitoring Technology for Agro-products Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences Guangzhou501640 China College of Resources and Environment South China Agricultural University Guangzhou510642 China Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation China Guangdong Medical University China

A soil column experiment was carried out to quantify the migration of cadmium (Cd) in an earthworm-wheat-soil multi-species system (MS·3). Two fluvo-aquic soils, one from Henan and the other from Beijing, were packed in the upper (0–20 cm) and lower layers (20–50 cm) of the soil columns, respectively. Five treatments were set up: CK (no wheat and no earthworm), W (only wheat), E (only earthworm), W+E (wheat and earthworm), and B+W+E (biochar, wheat, and earthworm). The results showed that biochar application in the earthworm-wheat-soil system increased soil pH, soil water retention, and earthworm Cd concentration but reduced Cd availability in soil, wheat growth and Cd translocation factor, earthworm survival rate, and earthworm average weight change rate. Due to the adsorption by biochar, the majority of Cd (64.39%) stayed in the 0–20 cm soil layer, with approximately 35.51%, 0.08%, and 0.02% of the total Cd being found in the 20–50 cm soil layer, earthworms, and wheat plants, respectively, in the B+W+E treatment. Compared to W+E, the proportions of total Cd found in the earthworms and 0–20 cm soil layer were 84.44% and 6.79%, respectively, higher, whereas that in the 20–50 cm soil layer was 10.52% lower B+W+E. In contrast, the proportions in wheat plants were very close between the two treatments. These results demonstrated that biochar immobilized Cd in the upper layer and reduced Cd leaching to the lower layer in the MS·3 system. However, biochar application increased Cd accumulation in the earthworms and led to wheat growth reduction. Therefore, this research provides new basic data on the potential ecological risks of biochar application to soil systems. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Cadmium

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