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The development characteristics and formation modes of rainstorm-triggered flash flood disasters in the Hengduan Mountains

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2025年第3期35卷 619-640页

作者： LI Yifan ZHANG Chendi ZHANG Guotao Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchCASBeijing 100101China College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

The Hengduan Mountains region(HMR)is one of the most densely distributed and severe flash flood disaster-prone areas in southwest *** is also a key area for major engineering projects and beautiful countryside construction in Southwest ***,previous studies have not systematically summarized the development characteristics and formation modes of flash flood disasters in the HMR,which limits the development of theoretical and technical system for flood *** this study,we focused on the physical processes of flash flood disasters in the HMR,including generation,movement,and disaster formation,and clarified the dominant disaster-inducing conditions(multiple humid monsoon circulation,high potential energy and high heterogenous underlying surface)and disaster development characteristics(high spatio-temporal heterogeneity,highly concentrated energy,chain and cascading effects,and clustered occurrence)of flash floods in the *** on the entire processes of flash flood disasters,three major formation modes have been summarized:the runoff generation mode of vegetation-hydrology-soil coupling dominated by high hydraulic gradient in mountainous areas,strong flow-sediment coupling movement,and serious disaster losses due to high exposure of disaster bearing ***,based on the issues in previous research,four future research challenges for flash flood disaster in the HMR were *** study provides insights into disaster prevention and reduction research,including fundamental theoretical system,precise risk assessment of regional disasters,and accurate early warning and forecasting of flash floods.

关键词： Hengduan Mountains region rainstorm-triggered flash flood disaster-inducing condition disaster developmentcharacteristic formation mode

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Separating the effects of two dimensions on ecosystem services:Environmental variables and net trade-offs

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2023年第4期33卷 845-862页

作者： ZUO Liyuan JIANG Yuan GAO Jiangbo DU Fujun ZHANG Yibo Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchCASBeijing 100101China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

Spatial and temporal changes in ecosystem services(ESs)are driven by two types of factors:environmental factors and trade-offs/synergies between *** the ecological conservation red line(ECRL)area,in which national ecological security and social sustainable development are guaranteed,it is particularly important to clarify the driving mechanism of ESs for the management of *** this study,soil conservation,water yield,and carbon sequestration in Beijing’s ECRL area are quantified,and GeoDetector is used to identify the factors influencing the trade-offs/synergies between ***,partial correlation analysis is used to calculate the net trade-offs/synergies and compare them with the extent to which environmental variables contribute to *** results are as follows:environmental variables and trade-offs/synergies have different effects on the changes in ESs,and their interactions can enhance the determinative power of the corresponding individual *** land use intensity is an extremely important factor affecting the trade-offs/synergies between the three services,indicating that rational land use planning in Beijing’s ECRL area is crucial for avoiding the negative impacts of trade-offs and enabling coordinated optimization of *** the elimination of the cross-influence of environmental variables,the trade-offs/synergies change significantly,and the impact of environmental variables on ESs is compared with the net trade-offs/*** variables are the driving forces of the spatiotemporal changes in soil *** and carbon sequestration have similar effects on water *** changes in carbon sequestration are closely related to the other two services,with smaller influences from environmental variables.

关键词： ecosystem services trade-offs and synergies driving mechanisms quantitative separation ecological conservation red line area

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Chemical fertilizer rate, use efficiency and reduction of cereal crops in China, 1998–2018

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2022年第1期32卷 65-78页

作者： XIN Liangjie Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchCASBeijing 100101China

This paper studied the fertilizer rate(FR), fertilizer use efficiency(FUE) and fertilizer overuse rate(FOR) of rice, corn and wheat in China from 1998 to 2018 and briefly analysed the reasons why farmers were willing to apply more fertilizers.(1) The FR of grain in China reached 373.7 kg/ha in 2018, an increase of 26.8% compared to that in 1998. In 2018, the FR for corn was the highest, at 411.2 kg/ha, compared to the values of 338.3 kg/ha for rice and 371.7 kg/ha for wheat.(2) In recent years, the FUE of grain in China has obviously improved, with values of 32.9% in 1998, 36.7% in 2008, and 39.3% in 2018. In 2018, the FUE for rice was the highest(41.2%), followed by that for corn(39.9%), and the FUE for wheat was the lowest(36.0%).(3) By 2018, fertilizer was overused in all zones of rice, corn and wheat. In 2018, the average FOR for wheat reached 69.0%, which was 35.9% higher than that for corn and 42.8% higher than that for rice.(4) The lower price of chemical fertilizers was the main reason leading to overapplication.(5) Establishing market mechanisms and adjusting regional planting structures can be effective in reducing the application of chemical fertilizers.

关键词： fertilizer rate(FR) fertilizer use efficiency(FUE) fertilizer overuse rate(FOR) China 1998–2018 three main grain crops

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Spatially explicit adaptation characteristics of urban development and construction across China over the past three decades

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Science China Earth Sciences 2025年第5期68卷 1624-1640页

作者： Kai WANG Wenhui KUANG Weihua FANG Yinyin DOU Ming CHEN China Academy of Urban Planning and Design Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Faculty of Geographical Sciences Beijing Normal University

Scientifically assessing the suitability, safety and resilience of urban development is the premise for high-quality regional development in China. Here we developed a high-precision coupling model for comprehensive assessing the spatially explicit adaptation, and livability and safety of urban development, based on urban expansion and nine types of natural disaster risks data in 1990–2020. Through remote sensing and big data mining methods, we revealed spatial differentiation characteristics of urban development's spatial adaptation and livability safety levels over the past three decades, diagnosing the expansion status of cities at varying potential safety risk levels. The results indicate that urban development was primarily concentrated in medium to high suitability level areas（83.23%, 5.23×10～4 km2） from 1990 to 2020, with 14.46% of urban expansion occurring in the lowest suitability areas, predominantly in the eastern coastal and western regions. From the safety aspect, urban development predominantly occurred in areas with medium to highest safety levels（49%）, yet 13% of urban expansion areas exhibit relatively high safety risks. In the eastern coastal regions, the primary threat is water-related risks, with urban expansion in these risk areas accounting for 62% of total expansion. The western region is mainly threatened by geological earthquake risks, with urban expansion area in these risk zones exceeding by more than four times of that in the eastern, central, and northeastern regions. The central region is primarily at risk from high-temperature disaster, while the northeastern region faces risks from low-temperature and snow-related disasters. Overall, urban development in China over the past three decades has displayed a pattern of the highsuitability and high-expansion in the eastern regions, medium-suitability and medium-speed expansion in the central region, lowsuitability and low-expansion in the western region, and the high-suitability and slow-ex

关键词： Urban expansion Livability baseline Spatial adaptation Safety and livability Disaster risk

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Research progress in assessment and strategies for sustainable food system within planetary boundaries

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Science China Earth Sciences 2024年第2期67卷 375-386页

作者： Minglei WANG Wenjiao SHI Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China

Meeting the increasing food demand in a manner that ensures both resources and environmental sustainability poses a global *** conceptual framework of planetary boundaries(PBs)has emerged as a crucial reference in the study of sustainable food system,with specific focuses on key dimensions such as land use change,freshwater use,nitrogen(N)and phosphorus(P)cycles,and greenhouse gas(GHG)*** this study,we summarized the threshold applications of PBs in sustainable food system research at both the global and national(China)*** on these thresholds,we evaluated the sustainability conditions of the food system,considering resources such as cropland,freshwater,N and P applications,as well as environmental impacts including N and P losses,and GHG *** addition,we explored the impacts of single or combined management strategies on sustainable food *** strategies included dietary changes,improvements in technologies and management,reductions in food loss and waste,and optimization in agricultural production ***,we outlined future research directions in sustainable food system,including enhancing research on the interaction mechanisms among PBs elements within food systems,conducting downscaling studies of PBs elements at national and regional levels,and ensuring the rationality of policy-making for sustainable food systems in *** study can provide a theoretical foundation and strategies guidance for sustainable food system and agricultural land use management in the future both globally and in China.

关键词： Food system Resource use Environmental impacts Sustainable strategy Planetary boundaries

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Mapping cropping patterns in the North China Plain over the past 300 years and an analysis of the drivers of change

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2024年第10期34卷 2074-2088页

作者： LI Shicheng LIU Yating LI Jianrui ZHANG Xuezhen School of Public Administration China University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchCASBeijing 100101China College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

It is essential to map the cropping patterns when investigating the mechanisms and impacts of climate ***,the long-term evolution of cropping patterns remains poorly *** study collected hundreds of records of cropping intensity and crop combinations from local gazetteers and other relevant articles for the North China Plain(NCP)over the past 300 ***,we analyzed the evolutionary characteristics and drivers in terms of climate change and advances in agricultural *** the Qing Dynasty to the 1950s,one harvest per year(1H1Y)was the dominant pattern in the northern NCP,and three harvests in two years(3H2Y)was the dominant pattern in Henan and Shandong *** 1H1Y crops were cereals and *** 3H2Y crop combinations were spring maize,winter wheat,and *** the 1960s and 1970s,the cropping intensity in much of the NCP was two harvests per year(2H1Y)or a mix of the 2H1Y and 3H2Y *** the 1980s,the cropping intensity in the NCP was dominated by *** the 1960s,the 2H1Y crop compositions have been winter wheat-summer maize in Shandong,Henan,and Hebei provinces,while winter wheat-rice dominated north of the Huaihe *** 3H2Y summer crop changed from beans to maize/cereals over *** warming was not the dominant factor driving the evolution of cropping intensity in the *** in agricultural production conditions and reforms in production relations have promoted the rapid development of multiple cropping since the 1950s.

关键词： North China Plain Qing Dynasty cropping intensity crop combinations crop harvest frequency climate change

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Geochemical characteristics and source analysis of rare earth elements in Qinghai Lake sediments

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Acta Geochimica 2025年第2期44卷 231-246页

作者： Guangying Li Yingyi Meng Jinhan Zhou Di Ming Lijun Dai Lingqing Wang Qinghai Ecological Environment Planning and Environmental Protection Technology Center Xining 810007China Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China

This study investigates the distribution,geochemical behavior,and potential anthropogenic influences of rare earth elements(REEs)in the surface sediments of Qinghai Lake,the largest saline lake in China.A total of 36 surface sediment samples were analyzed for REE concentrations with a combination of self-organizing maps(SOM)and positive matrix factorization(PMF).Results indicate distinct enrichment patterns,with light REEs(LREEs)exhibiting higher concentrations than heavy REEs(HREEs),reflecting natural abundances and geochemical *** minimum value was found in Lu as low as 0.091 mg/kg,and the maximum concentration was exhibited in Ce at 78.877 mg/*** index(I_(geo))analysis reveals minor to moderate enrichment of specific REEs of Sm and Nd,suggesting possible localized anthropogenic inputs,particularly near river *** analysis using inverse distance weighting(IDW)and self-organizing maps(SOM)highlights significant correlations between REE distributions and riverine inputs,underscoring fluvial transport's role in sedimentary REE *** identifies mixed natural and anthropogenic sources,with agricultural and industrial activities contributing to elevated REE levels in *** findings provide critical insights into the geochemical behavior of REEs in saline lake systems and off er a foundation for pollution control and sustainable resource management in sensitive environments like Qinghai Lake.

关键词： Rare earth elements Qinghai Lake Sediments Anthropogenic impact Sources

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Progress on spatial prediction methods for soil particle-size fractions

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2023年第7期33卷 1553-1566页

作者： SHI Wenjiao ZHANG Mo Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation of CAS Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchCASBeijing 100101China State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchCASBeijing 100101China College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

Soil particle-size fractions(PSFs),including three components of sand,silt,and clay,are very improtant for the simulation of land-surface process and the evaluation of ecosystem *** spatial prediction of soil PSFs can help better understand the simulation processes of these *** soil PSFs are compositional data,there are some special demands such as the constant sum(1 or 100%) in the interpolation *** addition,the performance of spatial prediction methods can mostly affect the accuracy of the spatial ***,we proposed a framework for the spatial prediction of soil *** included log-ratio transformation methods of soil PSFs(additive log-ratio,centered log-ratio,symmetry log-ratio,and isometric log-ratio methods),interpolation methods(geostatistical methods,regression models,and machine learning models),validation methods(probability sampling,data splitting,and cross-validation) and indices of accuracy assessments in soil PSF interpolation and soil texture classification(rank correlation coefficient,mean error,root mean square error,mean absolute error,coefficient of determination,Aitchison distance,standardized residual sum of squares,overall accuracy,Kappa coefficient,and Precision-Recall curve) and uncertainty analysis indices(prediction and confidence intervals,standard deviation,and confusion index).Moreover,we summarized several paths on improving the accuracy of soil PSF interpolation,such as improving data distribution through effective data transformation,choosing appropriate prediction methods according to the data distribution,combining auxiliary variables to improve mapping accuracy and distribution rationality,improving interpolation accuracy using hybrid models,and developing multi-component joint *** the future,we should pay more attention to the principles and mechanisms of data transformation,joint simulation models and high accuracy surface modeling methods for multi-components,as well as the combi

关键词： soil interpolation spatial accuracy geostatistics machine learning high accuracy surface modeling

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Theoretical basis and technical path for the regional all-for-one customization model of black soil granary

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2022年第11期32卷 2147-2169页

作者： LIAO Xiaoyong YAO Qixing WAN Xiaoming WANG Jieyong LI Zehong Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchCASBeijing 100101China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

The black soil area in Northeast China serves as a“ballast”to ensure China’s food *** development and utilization lead to serious black soil degradation in some areas and affect regional food production and economic and social *** the context of the intensification of the contradiction between food supply and demand worldwide,we should pay more attention to the overall situation of regional sustainable development and seek for systematic,scientific,and economic *** study establishes a regional all-for-one customization model of black soil granary on the basis of the regional system of human–land relationship,customized and accurate management,agricultural system theory,and agricultural informatization with the guidance of integrated geography *** aim of this regional all-for-one customization model is to systematically diagnose the key problems and leading factors of black soil degradation and determine a solution that combines the commonness and individuality of black soil protection from the perspective of multiscale linkage,multifactor coupling,and multitechnology *** regional all-for-one customization model of black soil granary integrates the two perspectives of“regional”and“customization”into the protection and comprehensive utilization of black soil for the first *** adopts zoning,grading,and classification as the main strategy and big data and artificial intelligence as the main technical *** model constructs three strategies of different scales by combining the“satellite–air–ground–network”3D monitoring system and the all-for-one customization platform driven by big data and artificial ***,the“implementing strategies by regions”are implemented at the regional scale to formulate the regional agricultural resource allocation scheme and agricultural zoning,which can provide strategies to protect and utilize black soil ***,the“determining strategies in acco

关键词： black soil granary all-for-one customization mode platform conservation tillage

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An influencing mechanism for ecological asset gains and losses and its optimization and promotion pathways in China

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2022年第10期32卷 1867-1885页

作者： LI Jiahui HUANG Lin CAO Wei Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchCASBeijing 100101China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

Accounting for the gains and losses of ecological assets holds scientific significance in sustaining human *** on related research on ecological assets,we established a county-scale ecological asset accounting technology system by analyzing the temporal and spatial variations of county-level ecological assets in China from 1990 to 2018 and clarified the factors which caused the gains and losses of ecological *** these bases,optimization and promotion pathways were *** results show that the number of counties dominated by farmland and forest ecological resources accounted for about 45%and 37%of the total counties,*** 1990 to 2018,the quality of county-level ecological stock assets showed an increasing trend,while the water conservation volume decreased in nearly 70%of the *** number of counties with the gains(47%)and losses(37%)of ecological flow assets demonstrated spatial patterns which showed the same segmentation characteristics as the“Hu Huanyong Line”,that is,the counties in the vastness of northwest China experienced significant gains,while decreases were widespread in eastern and southern *** change of ecological assets in more than 70%of the counties was driven by climate change and human *** average degree of impact of human activities driving the ecological asset gains in counties was about 80%,while that of climate change causing the ecological asset losses was about 60%.According to various ecological resource types,gain and loss status,and its driving factors,counties in China can be classified into five types:climate change mitigation,climate change adaptation,ecological resources restoration,ecological resources protection,and ecological resources *** results indicate that differentiated optimization and promotion pathways can be adopted to achieve desired ecological asset gains.

关键词： ecological assets gains and losses climate change human activities optimization and promotion pathways

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