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Changes in agricultural virtual water in Central Asia,1992-2016

Journal of Geographical Sciences 2020年第11期30卷 1909-1920页

作者： YAN Ziyan TAN Minghong Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchCASBeijing 100101China College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China International College University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

In recent years,flows of many rivers and lakes have become reduced in arid and semi-arid regions around the *** most typical examples of this phenomenon occur in Central Asia,and the reduction of the Aral Sea area is closely related to agricultural water ***,due to a lack of continuous data in Central Asia spanning many years,"virtual water"is used to evaluate changes in agricultural water *** on virtual water theory,325 kinds of agricultural products in eight categories are selected as the research object,and changes in virtual water are calculated for Central Asia from 1992 to *** indicate that:(1)The average annual net export of agricultural virtual water(TVWNE)in Central Asia is about 9 billion m3,concentrated in Kazakhstan,whose annual TVWNE reaches 8.1 billion m3.(2)Since 2007,the TVWNE in Central Asia has dropped significantly,with a drop rate of 86%,while the total volume of agricultural virtual water has gradually increased since 1998.(3)The upstream and downstream countries in Central Asia have different characteristics in the change of virtual water quantity.

关键词： Central Asia agricultural products virtual water

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Damage evaluation of soybean chilling injury based on Google Earth Engine(GEE)and crop modelling

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2020年第8期30卷 1249-1265页

作者： CAO Juan ZHANG Zhao ZHANG Liangliang LUO Yuchuan LI Ziyue TAO Fulu State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology/MEM&MoE Key Laboratory of Environmental Change and Natural Hazards Faculty of Geographical ScienceBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchCASBeijing 100101China College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

Frequent chilling injury has serious impacts on national food security and in northeastern China heavily affects grain *** and accurate measures are desirable for assessing associated large-scale impacts and are prerequisites to disaster ***,we propose a novel means to efficiently assess the impacts of chilling injury on *** chilling injury events were diagnosed in 1989,1995,2003,2009,and 2018 in Oroqen *** total,512 combinations scenarios were established using the localized CROPGRO-Soybean ***,we determined the maximum wide dynamic vegetation index(WDRVI)and corresponding date of critical windows of the early and late growing seasons using the GEE(Google Earth Engine)platform,then constructed 1600 cold vulnerability models on CDD(Cold Degree Days),the simulated LAI(Leaf Area Index)and yields from the CROPGRO-Soybean ***,we calculated pixel yields losses according to the corresponding vulnerability *** findings show that simulated historical yield losses in 1989,1995,2003 and 2009 were measured at 9.6%,29.8%,50.5%,and 15.7%,respectively,closely(all errors are within one standard deviation)reflecting actual losses(6.4%,39.2%,47.7%,and 13.2%,respectively).The above proposed method was applied to evaluate the yield loss for 2018 at the pixel ***,a sentinel-2A image was used for 10-m high precision yield mapping,and the estimated losses were found to characterize the actual yield losses from 2018 cold *** results highlight that the proposed method can efficiently and accurately assess the effects of chilling injury on soybean crops.

关键词： chilling injury Google Earth Engine(GEE) CROPGRO-Soybean soybean yield loss cold degree days(CDD)

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Industrial land expansion in rural China threatens environmental securities

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2021年第2期15卷 127-139页

作者： Chi Zhang Wenhui Kuang Jianguo Wu Jiyuan Liu Hanqin Tian Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water and Soil Conservation and Environmental Protection Linyi UniversityLinyi 276000China Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China School of Life Sciences&School of Sustainability Arizona State UniversityTempeAZ 85287USA International Center for Climate and Global Change Research School of Forestry and Wildlife SciencesAuburn UniversityAuburnAL 36849USA

China’s rural industrialization has been a major driver for its rapid economic growth during the recent decades,but its myriad environmental risks are yet to be fully *** on a comprehensive national land-use data set,our study shows that the area of China’s rural industrial land(RIL)quadrupled during 1990–2015,reaching 39338 km2 in 2015,comparable to urbanization in magnitude but with a much greater degree of landscape fragmentation which implies stronger ecological and environmental *** 91%of the protected areas in the central China were within 50 km from rural industrial land,thus exposed to industrial *** rural industrial land expansion,particularly in regions under high geo-hazard risks,led to dramatically increased environmental risks,threatening the safety and health of both rural industrial workers and ***,negative effects from rural industrial land expansion could partially offset the crop production growth in recent *** underprivileged rural population in the west bears a disproportionally large share of the increased environmental *** urgently needs to design and implement sustainable policies to restrict and reshape its rural *** study aims to inspire policy makers and researchers to rethink the current model of industrial expansion and improve rural industrial land planning,which is important for achieving the sustainable development goals of China.

关键词： Industrialization land-use change Environment risks Environmental security Urbanization China

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Influence of Climate Change and Grazing Activity to Grassland Vegetation Change Under Ecological Policies in the Yellow River Source Region on the Tibetan Plateau, China

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Hu, Xiaoyang Wang, Zhaofeng Zhang, Yili Gong, Dianqing Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100101 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System Resources and Environment Beijing100101 China

Climate change and human activities are the two main drivers of vegetation change. For grasslands, grazing is the main human activity with extensive impacts. However, distinguishing the contributions of climate change and grazing activity is challenging because the range and magnitude of grazing impacts remain unclear. In this study, Madoi County, as a typical pastoral county and key ecological reserve on the Tibetan Plateau, was selected as the study area. According to the spatialization method of grazing intensity, we determined grazing range, taking into account policy regulations and human management, and assessed grazing magnitude by rasterizing livestock statistics based on grazing probability. In addition, we calculated the contributions of climatic and anthropogenic factors using multiple regression analysis between temperature, precipitation, grazing intensity and grassland NDVI, and then used these to determine the leading factors and driving forces of vegetation change. The results showed that the grazing range was gradually shrinking, while the forbidden area kept expanding during 2000-2019. And there is a significant difference in grazing intensity between inside and outside the protected area, with an increase outside, while inside it remained almost unchanged. Precipitation had the highest contribution to grassland vegetation change at 37.36%;followed by temperature, and grazing had the least at 30.31%. Grassland units with climate change as the driving force of vegetation change were widely distributed within the protected area, while those driven by grazing activity were concentrated outside. It can be seen that grazing disturbance on grassland has been mitigated, especially in the protected area, due to the regulation of human management in ecological policies. This research can provide references for the attribution of grassland vegetation change and the assessment of the effectiveness of protected areas. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Regression analysis

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Temporal and Spatial Changes of Hydrographic Connectivity with the Development of Agriculture, Industry and Living: A case Study at Yellow River Basin in Henan Section During the Last Two Decades

SSRN

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Li, Zhiying Yang, Fen Zhou, Jianli Wei, Chaoyang Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100101 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China College of Agriculture Yangtze University Jingzhou434025 China

The hydrographic connectivity has been intensively documented as a crucial indicator for analyzing the structural patterns of river and lake systems and water storage capacities as well. However, the impact of the temporal and spatial changes of the hydrographic connectivity in a large river basin on the development of agriculture, industry and living has rarely been studied. For this purpose, the area in Henan province, China, where the Yellow River flow through, was selected as a case study. Methods such as remote sensing-based feature interpretation, classification and modified normalized difference water index(MNDWI) extraction were employed to investigate the interannual variation of the structure and functional connectivity of the river system during the last two decades from 2000-2020. It comes out that the predominant land use type in the study area is agricultural, which has experienced a steady annual decline. In contrast, reservoir and lake areas initially increased before subsequently decreasing, displaying an opposite trend to rivers - the two smallest land use types in this region. Human activities have exerted a profound influence on these changes. Under anthropogenic influence, the structural form of the water system in the study area has gradually improved, exhibiting an increasing complexity of river networks and a stabilizing connectivity configuration. Within the functional connectivity of the study area, the natural function remains well-preserved, while the social function demonstrates a positive correlation with the expansion of industrial activities, eventually achieving an exceptional level. The study area's water use structure is predominantly agricultural, with water use for residential purposes continuing to grow, which has a more favorable impact on the hydrographic connectivity. This research illustrates that hydrographic connectivity alterations can reflect the regional economic and social development history and trend along a large ri

关键词： Rivers

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Relationships between climate change, agricultural development and social stability in the Hexi Corridor over the last 2000 years

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Science China Earth Sciences 2019年第9期62卷 1453-1460页

作者： Yanpeng LI Quansheng GE Huanjiong WANG Haolong LIU Zexing TAO Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences

This case study of the Hexi Corridor, Northwestern China, utilizes statistical methods to estimate quantitatively the interaction at a regional level between climate change, ancient social developments, and political coping strategies over the past 2000 years. The data is sourced from high-resolution reconstructions of climate series(temperature and precipitation), and historical records of cultivated land, war, population, and changes in regional administrative systems. The results show that moisture conditions played a more significant role than temperature in driving land reclamation in the Hexi Corridor. Analysis also showed a negative correlation between war frequency and the area of cultivated land in the Corridor over 20-year time intervals. Population growth was found to have a significant positive correlation with the cultivated land area during the study period. The results indicate that a climate-induced decline in agricultural production and the subsequent fluctuations in population could act as a trigger for social unrest, which is especially true at the mutual decadal time-scales. However, the interaction with administrative reform also suggests that, in the face of social and economic turmoil, a reasonable administrative hierarchy could strengthen the social governance of regional government, and promote social stability and economic development at a regional level. The study substantiates this notion with empirical quantitative evidence.

关键词： Climate change Agricultural development Social stability Regional administrative reform Hexi Corridor

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Mapping global impervious surface area and green space within urban environments

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Science China Earth Sciences 2019年第10期62卷 1591-1606页

作者： Wenhui KUANG Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences

The mapping of impervious surface area(ISA) and urban green space(UGS) is essential for improving the urban environmental quality toward ecological, livable, and sustainable goals. Currently, accurate ISA and UGS products are lacking in urban areas at the global scale. This study established regression models that estimated the fraction of ISA/UGS in global 30 cities for validation using MODIS NDVI and DMSP/OLS nighttime light imageries. A global dataset of ISA and UGS fraction with a spatial resolution of 250 m×250 m was developed using the regression model, with a mean relative error of 0.19 for its ISA. The results showed the global urban area of 76.29×10~4 km^2, which was primarily distributed in central Europe, eastern Asia,and central and eastern North America. The urban land area in North America, Europe, and Asia was 66.3×10~4 km^2, accounting for 86.91% of the world’s urban area;the urban land area of the top 50 countries accounted for 59.32% of the total urban land area in the world. The global ISA of 45.26×10~4 km^2 was mainly distributed in central and southern North America, eastern Asia, and Europe, as well as coastal regions around the world. The proportion of ISA situated in built-up areas on the continental scale followed the order of Africa(>70%)>South America>Oceania>Asia(>60%)>North America>Europe(>50%), and these areas were mostly in southeastern North America, southwestern Europe, and eastern and western Asia. North America, Europe, and Asia accounted for 89.44% of the world’s total UGS. The cities of developed countries in Europe and North America exposed a dramatic mosaic of ISA and UGS composites in urban construction. Therefore, the proportion of UGS is relatively high in those cities. However, in developing and underdeveloped countries, the proportion of UGS in built-up areas is relatively low, and urban environments need to be improved for livability.

关键词： Impervious surface area Green space Habitat environment Remote sensing classification Global scale

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patterns and trends in grain self-sufficiency on the Tibetan Plateau during 1985–2016

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2020年第10期30卷 1590-1602页

作者： SHI Wenjiao LU Changhe SHI Xiaoli CUI Jiaying Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchCASBeijing 100101China Key Laboratory of Environmental Evolvement and Ecological Construction of Hebei Province College of Resources and Environment SciencesHebei Normal UniversityShijiazhuang 050024China College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

Capacity for grain self-sufficiency on the Tibetan Plateau(TP)is an important basis for ensuring social stability and regional ***,based on county-level statistical data for population,grain production and consumption,we analyzed patterns and trends in grain supply and demand at regional,provincial,and county levels on the TP between 1985 and *** applied two indices to evaluate capacity for grain self-sufficiency and found that the regional average self-sufficiency rate increased quickly by 1.97%/a since 1989,reaching 173.03%on the plateau over the period between 2010 and *** indicates that grain supply in this region is able to fully meet *** addition,all provinces apart from Xinjiang exhibited similar increasing trends,attaining grain self-sufficiency during 2010–***,59%of counties attained grain self-sufficiency over this period,mainly distributed in southern Tibet,in the Sichuan-Tibet junction area,and in eastern Qinghai Province.A number of gaps in grain supply and demand occurred within the headwater regions of the Yangtze and Yellow rivers as well as on the Qiangtang *** self-sufficiency significantly increased over the study period in 36%of counties,mainly distributed in the agricultural areas of southeastern Tibet and in eastern *** the whole plateau,capacity for grain self-sufficiency substantially increased between 1985 and 2016,although serious spatial imbalances remain.

关键词： Tibetan Plateau grain county scale self-sufficiency spatiotemporal distribution

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Effect of 9-year water and nitrogen additions on microbial necromass carbon content at different soil depths and its main influencing factors

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Science of the Total Environment 2024年 954卷 176825页

作者： Yuan, Xiujin Qi, Yuchun Guo, Yu Dong, Yunshe Peng, Qin Yan, Zhongqing Li, Zhaolin Dong, Ruyue Zheng, Yilian Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100101 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China Wetland Research Center Institute of Ecological Conservation and Restoration Chinese Academy of Forestry Beijing100091 China State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing10085 China

Microbial necromass carbon (MNC) is a major source of soil organic carbon (SOC) pool, significantly influencing soil carbon sequestration. The effects of long-term water and nitrogen addition on MNC in soils at different depths, as well as their interactions, remain poorly understood. In this study, we examined the influence of water addition (+51.67 mm), nitrogen addition (25, 50, 100 kg N ha−1 yr−1), and their interactions on MNC accumulation at different soil depths in temperate grasslands. The addition of water and nitrogen over nine years has been observed to exhibit a decreasing trend in the MNC at different soil depths. Notably, MNC in the topsoil layer (0–10 cm) decreased significantly by 18.56 % under low nitrogen addition treatment, while MNC in the subsoil layer (40–60 cm) declined significantly by 27.19 % under high nitrogen addition treatment. Fungal microbial necromass carbon (FNC) contributed 3.25 times more to SOC than bacterial microbial necromass carbon (BNC). In the 0–10 cm soil layer, MNC is primarily governed by both microbial attributes and the physicochemical properties of the soil, in the 20–40 cm soil layer, the physicochemical properties of the soil predominantly control MNC, in the 40–60 cm layer, microbial characteristics exert a more significant influence on MNC. Collectively, our observations suggest that soil MNC decreased with the addition of water and nitrogen in the 0–60 cm soil slope, which could enable the accurate prediction of global change impacts on the accumulation of soil carbon, thus facilitating the implementation of strategies to augment soil carbon sequestration. © 2024

关键词： Microbial community characteristics Microbial enzyme activity Microbial necromass carbon Nitrogen addition Water addition

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Coupling with Mitigation Capacity for Vulnerability Curve Construction

SSRN

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Liu, Fangtian Xu, Erqi Zhang, Hongqi Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100101 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China

Typhoons are one of the most dangerous types of meteorological disaster in coastal areas around the world. A vulnerability curve assesses the expected loss by establishing the relationship of typhoon intensity with loss. However, the role of mitigation capacity in reducing vulnerability has not yet been taken into account in vulnerability curve construction, readily introducing uncertainties. This study improved the traditional method used to construct a vulnerability curve, using mitigation capacity to increase the accuracy of vulnerability curve. The results showed that there was a significant correlation between the mitigation capacity and the residual of a traditional vulnerability curve. Moreover, the R² value of the improved vulnerability curve was higher than that of the traditional curve, proving the importance of mitigation capacity in explaining vulnerability. For a given level of typhoon intensity, the loss rate in counties with a high mitigation capacity was lower than that of counties with a low mitigation capacity. In particular, at high typhoon intensities, the loss rate in counties with a high mitigation capacity was significantly lower. This indicated that mitigation capacity could reduce the vulnerability effectively. The results provide a scientific reference for authorities in formulating effective mitigation strategies and reducing vulnerability to typhoons. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Hurricanes

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