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Empirical estimates of regional carbon budgets imply reduced global soil heterotrophic respiration

National Science Review 2021年第2期8卷 60-73页

作者： Philippe Ciais Yitong Yao Thomas Gasser Alessandro Baccini Yilong Wang Ronny Lauerwald Shushi Peng Ana Bastos Wei Li Peter A.Raymond Josep G.Canadell Glen P.Peters Rob J.Andres Jinfeng Chang Chao Yue A.Johannes Dolman Vanessa Haverd Jens Hartmann Goulven Laruelle Alexandra G.Konings Anthony W.King Yi Liu Sebastiaan Luyssaert Fabienne Maignan Prabir K.Patra Anna Peregon Pierre Regnier Julia Pongratz Benjamin Poulter Anatoly Shvidenko Riccardo Valentini Rong Wang Grégoire Broquet Yi Yin Jakob Zscheischler Bertrand Guenet Daniel S.Goll Ashley-P.Ballantyne Hui Yang Chunjing Qiu Dan Zhu State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau Northwest A&F University CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere 15. Institute for Geology CEN—Center for Earth System Research and SustainabilityUniversity of Hamburg 16. Department of Earth System ScienceStanford University 17. Department of Earth System ScienceStanford UniversityStanford 18. School of Geographical SciencesNanjing University of Information Science and Technology 19. Department of Ecological SciencesVrije Universiteit Amsterdam 20. Research Institute for Global ChangeJAMSTEC Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement CEA-CNRS-UVSQ-UPSACLAY Center for Environmental Remote Sensing Chiba University Institute of Soil Science and Agrochemistry Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS) Tuva State University Republic of Tuva Max Planck Institute for Meteorology NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Biospheric Sciences Lab. 26. Department for Innovation in BiologicalAgro-food and Forest systems (DIBAF)University of Tuscia RUDN University Department of Environmental Science and Engineering Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and PreventionInstitute of Atmospheric SciencesFudan University 29. Division of Geological and Planetary SciencesCalifornia Institute of Technology 30. Climate and Environmental Physics and Oeschger Centre for Climate Change ResearchUniversity of Bern 31. Department of Ecosystem and Conservation Sci

Resolving regional carbon budgets is critical for informing land-based mitigation policy. For nine regions covering nearly the whole globe, we collected inventory estimates of carbon-stock changes complemented by satellite estimates of biomass changes where inventory data are missing. The net land–atmospheric carbon exchange(NEE) was calculated by taking the sum of the carbon-stock change and lateral carbon fluxes from crop and wood trade, and riverine-carbon export to the ocean. Summing up NEE from all regions, we obtained a global ‘bottom-up’ NEE for net land anthropogenic CO2uptake of –2.2 ± 0.6 Pg C yr-1consistent with the independent top-down NEE from the global atmospheric carbon budget during 2000–2009. This estimate is so far the most comprehensive global bottom-up carbon budget accounting, which set up an important milestone for global carbon-cycle studies. By decomposing NEE into component fluxes, we found that global soil heterotrophic respiration amounts to a source of CO2of 39 Pg C yr-1with an interquartile of 33–46 Pg C yr-1—a much smaller portion of net primary productivity than previously reported.

关键词： carbon budget human appropriation of ecosystems soil carbon

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Reconstructing provincial cropland area in eastern China during the early Yuan Dynasty(AD1271–1294)

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2018年第12期28卷 1994-2006页

作者：李美娇何凡能杨帆李士成 Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research CAS University of Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Public Administration China University of Geosciences

Reconstructing historical land use and land cover change(LUCC) at the regional scale is an important component of global environmental change studies and of improving global historical land use datasets. By analyzing data in historical documents, including military-oriented cropland(hereafter M-cropland) area, the number of households engaged in M-cropland(hereafter M-household) reclamation, cropland area, and the number of households, we propose a conversion relationship between M-cropland area and cropland area reclaimed by each household. A provincial cropland area estimation method for the Yuan Dynasty is described and used to reconstruct the provincial cropland area for AD1290. Major findings are as follows.(1) Both the M-cropland and cropland areas of each household were high in the north and low in the south during the Yuan Dynasty, which resulted from different natural conditions and planting practices. Based on this observation, the government-allocated M-cropland reclamation area to each household was based on the cropland area reclaimed by each household.(2) The conversion relationship between M-cropland and cropland areas per household showed conversion coefficients of 1.23 and 0.65 for the south and north, respectively.(3) The cropland area in the entire study area in AD1290 was 535.4×106 mu(Chinese area unit, 1 mu=666.7 m^2), 57.8% in the north and 42.2% in the south. The fractional cropland areas for the entire study area, north, and south were 6.8%, 6.6%, and 7.1%, respectively and the per capita cropland areas for the whole study area, north, and south were 6.7, 15.6, and 4.1 mu, respectively.(4) Cropland was mainly distributed in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River(including the Fuli area), Huaihe River Basin(including Henan Province), and middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River(including Jiangzhe, Jiangxi, and Huguang provinces).

关键词： historical LUCC cropland area estimation historical documents Yuan Dynasty

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Spatiotemporal changes in agricultural land cover in Nepal over the last 100 years

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2018年第10期28卷 1519-1537页

作者： Basanta PAUDEL 张镱锂李士成刘林山 Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research CAS University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS) CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences School of Public Administration China University of Geosciences

In order to advance land use and land cover change（LUCC） research in Nepal, it is essential to reconstruct both the spatiotemporal distribution of agricultural land cover as well as scenarios that can explain these changes at the national and regional levels. Because of rapid population growth, the status of agricultural land in Nepal has changed markedly over the last 100 years. Historical data is used in this study, encompassing soils, populations, climatic variables, and topography. Data were revised to a series of 30 m grid cells utilized for agricultural land suitability and allocation models and were analyzed using a suite of advanced geographical tools. Our reconstructions for the spatiotemporal distribution of agricultural land in Nepal reveal an increasing trend between 1910 and 2010（from 151.2 × 10^2 km^2 to 438.8 × 10^2 km^2）. This expanded rate of increase in agricultural land has varied between different eco, physiographic, and altitudinal regions of the country, significantly driven by population changes and policies over the period of this investigation. The historical dataset presented in this paper fills an existing gap in studies of agricultural land change and can be applied to other carbon cycle and climate modeling studies, as well as to impact assessments of agricultural land change in Nepal.

关键词： agricultural land reconstruction land suitability for cultivation altitudinal variation Nepal

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Long-term changes in the tree radial growth and intrinsic water-use efficiency of Chuanxi spruce(Picea likiangensis ***) in southwestern China

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2018年第6期28卷 833-844页

作者： WANG Yang ZHANG Yong FANG Ouya SHAO Xuemei Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Re-sources ResearchCASBeijing 100101China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101China State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change Institute of BotanyCASBeijing 100093China

Elevated CO_(2) level in the atmosphere is expected and intrinsic water-use efficiency(iWUE).Although current found the tree growth decline in water-limited area,it is st to improve the tree growth rates results inferring from tree rings unclear whether spruce trees in humid southwestern China benefit from the increasing *** this study,tree-ring width data were used to investigate the tree radial growth rate of Chuanxi spruce(Picea likiangensis ***).Moreover,combining with the tree-ring carbon isotope date,we analyzed the physiological responses of Chuanxi spruce to rising CO_(2) concentrations in the atmosphere(C_(a))associated with climatic change in southwestern *** 1851 to 2009,iWUE of Chuanxi spruce rose by approximately 30.4%,and the ratio of atmospheric CO_(2) to leaf in-tercellular CO_(2) concentration(C_(j)/C_(a))showed no significant trend in the study *** result suggested that Chuanxi spruce used an active response strategy when C_(a) was significantly increased,iWUE showed a significant increasing trend in parallel with tree radial growth,indicating that the increasing iWUE resulted in an increase in radial *** results suggest that spruce forests in southwestern China have not shown declining trends under increasing Ca and climate change scenarios,in contrast to trees growing in water-limited ***,spruce forests benefit from the increasing CO_(2) in the atmosphere in the humid areas of southwestern China.

关键词： tree ring basel area increment carbon isotope intrinsic water-use efficiency C0_(2)fertilization

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Global gridded daily CO2 emissions

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Dou, Xinyu Wang, Yilong Ciais, Philippe Chevallier, Frédéric Davis, Steven J. Crippa, Monica Janssens-Maenhout, Greet Guizzardi, Diego Solazzo, Efisio Yan, Feifan Huo, Da Bo, Zheng Deng, Zhu Zhu, Biqing Wang, Hengqi Zhang, Qiang Gentine, Pierre Liu, Zhu Department of Earth System Science Tsinghua University Beijing China Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement LSCE/IPSL CEACNRS-UVSQ Université Paris-Saclay Gif-sur-Yvette France Department of Earth System Science University of California IrvineCA United States Ispra Italy Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System Ministry of Education Ocean University of China Qingdao China Institute of Environment and Ecology Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School Tsinghua University Shenzhen China Department of Earth and Environmental Engineering Columbia University New YorkNY United States

Precise and high-resolution carbon dioxide (CO2) emission data is of great importance of achieving the carbon neutrality around the world. Here we present for the first time the near-real-time Global Gridded Daily CO2 Emission Datasets (called GRACED) from fossil fuel and cement production with a global spatial-resolution of 0.1° by 0.1° and a temporal-resolution of 1-day. Gridded fossil emissions are computed for different sectors based on the daily national CO2 emissions from near real time dataset (Carbon Monitor), the spatial patterns of point source emission dataset Global Carbon Grid (GID), Emission Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR) and spatiotemporal patters of satellite nitrogen dioxide (NO2) retrievals. Our study on the global CO2 emissions responds to the growing and urgent need for high-quality, fine-grained near-real-time CO2 emissions estimates to support global emissions monitoring across various spatial scales. We show the spatial patterns of emission changes for power, industry, residential consumption, ground transportation, domestic and international aviation, and international shipping sectors between 2019 and 2020. This help us to give insights on the relative contributions of various sectors and provides a fast and fine-grained overview of where and when fossil CO2 emissions have decreased and rebounded in response to emergencies (e.g. COVID-19) and other disturbances of human activities than any previously published dataset. As the world recovers from the pandemic and decarbonizes its energy systems, regular updates of this dataset will allow policymakers to more closely monitor the effectiveness of climate and energy policies and quickly adapt. © 2021, CC BY.

关键词： Carbon dioxide

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Spatiotemporal patterns and characteristics of land-use change in China during 2010–2015

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2018年第5期28卷 547-562页

作者：宁佳刘纪远匡文慧徐新良张树文颜长珍李仁东吴世新胡云锋杜国明迟文峰潘涛宁静 Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research CAS Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology CAS Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute CAS Institute of Geodesy and Geophysics CAS Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography CAS Northeast Agricultural University

land use/cover change is an important theme on the impacts of human activities on the earth systems and global environmental change. National land-use changes of China during 2010–2015 were acquired by the digital interpretation method using the high-resolution remotely sensed images, e.g. the landsat 8 OLI, GF-2 remote sensing images. The spatiotemporal characteristics of land-use changes across China during 2010–2015 were revealed by the indexes of dynamic degree model, annual land-use changes ratio etc. The results indicated that the built-up land increased by 24.6×10~3 km^2 while the cropland decreased by 4.9×10~3 km^2, and the total area of woodland and grassland decreased by 16.4×10~3 km^2. The spatial pattern of land-use changes in China during 2010–2015 was concordant with that of the period 2000–2010. Specially, new characteristics of land-use changes emerged in different regions of China in 2010–2015. The built-up land in eastern China expanded continually, and the total area of cropland decreased, both at decreasing rates. The rates of built-up land expansion and cropland shrinkage were accelerated in central China. The rates of built-up land expansion and cropland growth increased in western China, while the decreasing rate of woodland and grassland accelerated. In northeastern China, built-up land expansion slowed continually, and cropland area increased slightly accompanied by the conversions between paddy land and dry land. Besides, woodland and grassland area decreased in northeastern China. The characteristics of land-use changes in eastern China were essentially consistent with the spatial govern and control requirements of the optimal development zones and key development zones according to the Major Function-oriented Zones Planning implemented during the 12 th Five-Year Plan(2011–2015). It was a serious challenge for the central government of China to effectively protect the reasonable layout of land use types dominated with the key ecological fu

关键词： land-use change spatial-temporal characteristics remote sensing Major Function-oriented Zones China

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Corrigendum to: “Developing climate-smart agricultural systems in the North China Plain” [Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. 291 (2020) 10679]

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Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 2021年 317卷

作者： Yue Xin Fulu Tao Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke) FI-00790 Helsinki Finland

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Transportation CO2 emissions stayed high despite recurrent COVID outbreaks

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Wang, Yilong Deng, Zhu Ciais, Philippe Liu, Zhu Davis, Steven J. Gentine, Pierre Lauvaux, Thomas Ge, Quansheng Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Department of Earth System Science Tsinghua University Beijing China Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement CEA-CNRS-UVSQ- UniversitéParis Saclay Gif-sur-Yvette CEDEX91191 France Department of Earth System Science University of California Irvine 3232 Croul Hall IrvineCA United States Department of Earth and Environmental Engineering Columbia University New YorkNY10027 United States Earth Institute Columbia University New YorkNY10027 United States

After steep drops and then rebounds in transportation-related CO2 emissions over the first half of 2020, a second wave of COVID-19 this fall has caused further—but less substantial—emissions reductions. Here, we use near-real-time estimates of daily emissions to explore differences in human behavior and restriction policies over the course of 2020. © 2021, CC BY.

关键词： Carbon dioxide

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Climatic and Biotic Controls of Evapotranspiration Across Grassland Ecosystems on the Tibetan Plateau

SSRN

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SSRN 2025年

作者： Peng, Siyuan Yang, Yue Luo, Dengnan Zeng, Xiang Liang, Minqi Tao, Long Zhang, Guangru Li, Pan Liao, Weijie Guo, Qun Cao, Ruochen Li, Yuzhe Zhang, Weirong Hu, Zhongmin Hainan Baoting Tropical Rainforest Ecosystem Observation and Research Station School of Ecology Hainan University Haikou570228 China Department of Geography Faculty of Arts and Sciences Beijing Normal University Zhuhai519087 China Facility of Geographical Science Beijing Normal University Beijing100875 China Zhuhai Branch of State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology Beijing Normal University Zhuhai519087 China School of Geography South China Normal University Shipai Campus Guangzhou510631 China School of Atmospheric Sciences Guangdong Province Data Center of Terrestrial and Marine Ecosystems Carbon Cycle Sun Yat-sen University Guangdong Zhuhai510245 China Key Lab of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100101 China College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing101408 China International Institute for Earth System Sciences Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application Nanjing University Jiangsu210023 China Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science and Technology Key Laboratory for Land Satellite Remote Sensing Applications of Ministry of Natural Resources School of Geography and Ocean Science Nanjing University Jiangsu210023 China Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China

Study region: The Tibetan Plateau in China, the Third Pole of the *** focus: Accurate descriptions of spatial variation in evapotranspiration (ET) and its components on the Tibetan Plateau (TP) are crucial for understanding the dynamics of the regional water cycle and energy balance. However, how various environmental factors affect ET and its components remains unclear. This study addresses this gap using observational data from 14 sites and employing the Shuttleworth-Wallace-Hu (SWH) model to examine the spatial relationships between ET, its components, and underlying *** hydrological insights for the region: The SWH model parameters were optimized using the Monte Carlo method, achieving a satisfactory model performance with an average R² of 0.75. The ratio of transpiration to ET was generally higher in alpine meadows (0.55) than alpine steppes (0.39). Across the TP, precipitation and the leaf area index together shaped spatial variation in ET and transpiration. Precipitation emerged as the primary driver of interannual variation in ET, while the leaf area index strongly regulated the proportion of ET accounted for by transpiration. Furthermore, above aridity index values of 0.73, grassland ecosystems transitioned from water to energy. This finding is significant as it challenges the common application of an aridity index value of 0.65 to distinguish arid from humid regions. It suggests that TP grasslands, with an AI of 0.65-0.73, remain primarily water-limited. © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Monte Carlo methods

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Effects of Changes in Climatic Means and Variability on Future Wheat and Maize Yields and the Role of Adaptive Agro-Technologies in Reducing Negative Impacts

SSRN

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Bracho-Mujica, Gennady Rötter, Reimund P. Haakana, Markus Palosuo, Taru Fronzek, Stefan Asseng, Senthold Yi, Chen Ewert, Frank Gaiser, Thomas Kassie, Belay Tseganeh Paff, Kirsten Rezaei, Ehsan Eyshi Rodríguez, Alfredo Ruiz-Ramos, Margarita Srivastava, Amit K. Stratonovitch, Pierre Tao, Fulu Semenov, Mikhail A. TROPAGS Institute Department of Crop Sciences University of Göttingen Grisebachstr. 6 Göttingen37077 Germany University of Göttingen Buesgenweg 1 Göttingen37077 Germany Latokartanonkaari 9 Helsinki00790 Finland Latokartanonkaari 11 Helsinki00790 Finland School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan Liesel-Beckmann-Str. 2/I Freising85354 Germany Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Science Beijing China University of Bonn Katzenburgweg 5 BonnD-53115 Germany Müncheberg Germany Principal Financial Group IA United States Department of Agriculture USDA-ARS Adaptive Cropping Systems Laboratory 10300 Baltimore Ave. Bldg. 001 BARC-West Beltsville MD20705 United States Department of Economic Analysis and Finances Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha Toledo45071 Spain CEIGRAM Research Centre for the Management of Agricultural and Environmental Risks Universidad Politécnica de Madrid Ciudad Universitaria Madrid28040 Spain Agrimetrics HarpendenAL5 2JQ United Kingdom Rothamsted Research Harpenden HertsAL5 2JQ United Kingdom Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation China

To address the rising global food demand in a changing climate, yield gaps (YG), the difference between attainable yields under irrigated (YP) or rainfed conditions (YWL) and actual farmers’ yields (Ya), must be significantly narrowed whilst raising potential yields. Here, we examined the likely impacts of climate change (including changes in climatic variability) and shifts in agricultural technologies on crop yields and yield gaps. Eight rigorously tested crop simulation models were calibrated for wheat and maize and run at ten different sites worldwide. simulations were performed to estimate YP and YWL, as well as yields achievable under three locally defined technology packages: TP0 represents current average farmer’s practice, while TP1 and TP2 are increasingly advanced technologies, i.e. improved cultivars and optimised water and fertilisation management. simulations were run for the baseline (1980-2010) and twelve future climate scenarios for 2050, representing changes in the means of climate variables and in the variability of daily temperature and duration of dry spells. Our fundamental hypotheses were that (H1) mean climate changes combined with increased weather variability lead to markedly more negative yield impacts than mean changes alone, and (H2) advanced technologies would serve as effective adaptations that also reduce yield gaps under future climatic conditions. Crop responses were dependent on site characteristics, climate scenarios and adopted technologies. Our findings did not support H1. As for H2, the improved technology packages increased wheat and maize yields at all sites but, reductions of yield gaps varied substantially among sites. Future studies should consider a broader range of climate change scenarios and tackle the challenge of analysing various aspects of potential shifts in climate variability. Moreover, it is recommended to co-create and evaluate climate zone-specific climate-smart crop production technologies in interaction wit

关键词： Climate change

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