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Dynamic changes of habitats in China's typical national nature reserves on spatial and temporal scales

Journal of Geographical Sciences 2018年第6期28卷 778-790页

作者： ZHU Ping HUANG Lin XIAO Tong WANG Junbang Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Re-sources ResearchCASBeijing 100101China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Satellite Environment Center Ministry of Environmental ProtectionBeijing 100094China Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchCASBeijing 100101China

Until 2015,China had established 2740 nature reserves with a total area of 1.47million km^2,covering 14.8%of China’s terrestrial land *** on remote sensing inversion,ecological model simulation and spatial analysis methods,we analyzed the spatial and temporal variations of fractional vegetation coverage(FVC),net primary production(NPP),and human disturbance(HD)in habitats of typical national nature reserves(NNRs)during the first 15 years of the 21st century from 2000 to *** then the three indicators were compared between different NNR types and varied climate *** results showed that(1)the average 5-year FVC of NNRs increased from 36.3%to 37.1%,and it improved in all types of NNRs to some *** annual average FVC increased by 0.11%,0.84%,0.21%,0.09%,0.11%and 0.08%in NNRs of forest ecosystem,plain meadow,inland wetland,desert ecosystem,wild animal and wild plant,respectively.(2)The NPP annually increased by 2.06 g·m^(-2),1.23 g·m^(-2),0.28 g·m^(-2)and 0.4 g·m^(-2)in NNRs of plain meadow,inland wetland,desert ecosystem and wild animal,***,it decreased by 3.45 g·m^(-2)and2.35 g·m^(-2)in NNRs of forest ecosystem and wild plant respectively.(3)In the past 15 years,besides the slight decreases in the NNRs located at the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and the south subtropical zone,HD enhanced in most of NNRs,especially HD in the warm temperate humid zone increased from 4.7%to 5.35%.

关键词： national nature reserves habitat fractional vegetation coverage net primary production humandisturbance

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Spatial and temporal change patterns of freeze-thaw erosion in the three-river source region under the stress of climate warming

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Journal of Mountain Science 2017年第6期14卷 1086-1099页

作者： GUO Bing LUO Wei WANG Dong-liang JIANG Lin Shandong University of Technology School of Civil and Architectural Engineering Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences

The three-river source region(TRSR), located in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in China, suffers from serious freeze-thaw(FT) erosion in China. Considering the unique eco-environment and the driving factors of the FT process in the TRSR, we introduce the driving force factors of FT erosion(rainfall erosivity and wind field intensity during FT period) and precipitation during the FT period(indicating the phase-changed water content). The objective was to establish an improved evaluation method of FT erosion in the TRSR. The method has good applicability in the study region with an overall precision of 92%. The spatial and temporal changes of FT erosion from 2000 to 2015 are analyzed. Results show that FT erosion is widely distributed in the TRSR, with slight and mild erosion being the most widely distributed, followed by moderate erosion. Among the three sub-regions, the source region of the Yellow River has the slightest erosion intensity, whereas the erosion intensity of the source region of Yangtze River is the most severe. A slight improvement can be observed in the condition of FTerosion over the whole study region from 2000 to 2015. Vegetation coverage is the dominant factor affecting the intensity of FT erosion in the zones with sparse vegetation or bare land, whereas the climate factors play an important role in high vegetation coverage area. Slopes>28° also have a significant effect on the intensity of FT erosion in the zones. The results can provide a scientific basis for the prevention and management of the soil FT erosion in the TRSR.

关键词： Freeze-thaw erosion Vegetation Precipitation Three-river source region Global warming

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Holocene peatland development and vegetation changes in the Zoige Basin, eastern Tibetan Plateau

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Science China Earth Sciences 2017年第10期60卷 1826-1837页

作者： SUN XiaoHong ZHAO Yan LI Quan Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China

Peat sediments and peatland evolution process offer abundant clues into the history of vegetation and climate *** order to reconstruct Holocene peatland, vegetation and climate changes on eastern Tibetan Plateau, we conducted analyses of fossil pollen, loss-on-ignition, and carbon accumulation rate on one peat core from Zoige Basin. Our results show local peatland initiated at 10.3 ka, thrived in the early-mid Holocene, and then began to degrade. Throughout the Holocene, Zoige Basin was dominated by alpine meadow. Coniferous forest on montane regions expanded for several times during 10.5–4.6ka, and then dramatically retreated. Results of peatland property, principal component analysis on fossil pollen suggested the climate maintained warm/wet during 10–5.5 ka, and became relatively cold/dry in the late Holocene. Rapid degradation of peatland, retreat of coniferous forest and climatic drought/cooling occurred at 10.2–10, 9.7–9.5, 8.7–8.5, 7.7–7.4, 6.4–6, 5.5–5.2,4.8–4.5, 4–3.6, 3.1–2.7, 1.4–1.2 and 0.8–0.6 ka. The long-term variations of Holocene climate and vegetation on eastern Tibetan Plateau could be attributed to changes in insolation-driven temperature and Asian Summer Monsoon intensity, while those rapid centennial changes were probably triggered by abrupt monsoon failures and temperature anomalies in the high northern latitudes.

关键词： Holocene Climate change Fossil pollen Peatland Tibetan Plateau

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Climate change, migration, and regional administrative reform： A case study of Xinjiang in the middle Qing Dynasty(1760–1884)

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Science China Earth Sciences 2017年第7期60卷 1328-1337页

作者： LI YanPeng GE QuanSheng WANG HuanJiong TAO ZeXing Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China

Based on historical records of extreme climate events and population densities in Gansu and Shaanxi, and information on climate change, populations, new cultivated cropland, and administrative system reform in Xinjiang, this study explores the interaction between climate change, migration, and regional administrative reform in the middle Qing Dynasty. The results showed that the surge in population migration from Gansu and Shaanxi to Xinjiang during 1760–1820 was caused by extreme climate events(droughts and floods) and population pressure in Gansu and Shaanxi. During 1760–1880, the climate in Xinjiang was unusually cold and humid, which was highly conducive to abundant regional water resources. This provided favorable conditions for farmland irrigation and further promoted agricultural cultivation, population growth, and town development within this region. Additionally,the interactions between climate change and the above-mentioned social factors, which acted as driving forces, spurred the reform in the administrative system of Xinjiang whereby the military administration system was transformed to a province administration system. Through this reform, the Qing government managed to restore peace and stability in Xinjiang. This study contributes to a better understanding of climate-related population migration and enhances our knowledge of the impact-response chain between climate change, ancient social developments, and political coping strategies, especially in regional administrative reform.

关键词： Climate change Migration Cultivation Regional administrative reform Xinjiang Qing Dynasty

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Characteristics of Temperature Change in China over the Last 2000 years and Spatial patterns of Dryness/Wetness during Cold and Warm Periods

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2017年第8期34卷 941-951页

作者： Quansheng GE Haolong LIU Xiang MA Jingyun ZHENG Zhixin HAO Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China

This paper presents new high-resolution proxies and paleoclimatic reconstructions for studying climate changes in China for the past 2000 years. Multi-proxy synthesized reconstructions show that temperature variation in China has exhibited significant 50–70-yr, 100–120-yr, and 200–250-yr cycles. Results also show that the amplitudes of decadal and centennial temperature variation were 1.3℃ and 0.7℃, respectively, with the latter significantly correlated with long-term changes in solar radiation, especially cold periods, which correspond approximately to sunspot minima. The most rapid warming in China occurred over AD 1870–2000, at a rate of 0.56°± 0.42℃（100 yr）^（-1）; however, temperatures recorded in the 20 th century may not be unprecedented for the last 2000 years, as data show records for the periods AD 981–1100 and AD1201–70 are comparable to the present. The ensemble means of dryness/wetness spatial patterns in eastern China across all centennial warm periods illustrate a tripole pattern： dry south of 25°N, wet from 25°–30°N, and dry to the north of 30°N. However, for all centennial cold periods, this spatial pattern also exhibits a meridional distribution. The increase in precipitation over the monsoonal regions of China associated with the 20 th century warming can primarily be attributed to a mega El Nino–Southern Oscillation and the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation. In addition, a significant association between increasing numbers of locusts and dry/cold conditions is found in eastern China. Plague intensity also generally increases in concert with wetness in northern China, while more precipitation is likely to have a negative effect in southern China.

关键词： temperature change dry-wet spatial pattern cold and warm periods last 2000 years China

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Unprecedented Warming Revealed from Multi-proxy Reconstruction of Temperature in Southern China for the Past 160 Years

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2017年第8期34卷 977-982页

作者： Yang LIU Jingyun ZHENG Zhixin HAO Xuezhen ZHANG Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China

Using the southern limit of snowfall recorded in Chinese documents, chronologies of tree-ring width, and tree-ring stable oxygen isotope（δ^（18）O）, the annual temperature anomaly in southern China during 1850–2009 is reconstructed using the method of signal decomposition and synthesis. The results show that the linear trend was 0.47℃（100 yr）^（-1）over 1871–2009,and the two most rapid warming intervals occurred in 1877–1938 and 1968–2007, at rates of 0.125℃（10 yr）^（-1）and 0.258℃（10 yr）^（-1）, respectively. The decadal variation shows that the temperature in the moderate warm interval of the 1910s–1930s was notably lower than that of the 1980s–2000s, which suggests that the warming since the 1980s was unprecedented for the past 160 years, though a warming hiatus existed in the 2000s. Additionally, there was a rapid cooling starting from the 1860s,followed by a cold interval until the early 1890s, with the coldest years in 1892 and 1893. A slight temperature decline was also found from the 1940s to the late 1960s. This study provides an independent case to validate the global warming for the past 160 years and its hiatus recently, because the proxy data are not affected by urbanization.

关键词： centennial warming temperature reconstruction multi-proxy southern China

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Corrigendum to "Emerging risks of toxic metal(loid)s in soil-vegetables influenced by steel-making activities and isotopic source apportionment" [Environ. Int. 146 (2021) 106207]

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Environment international 2022年 160卷 107087页

作者： Jin Wang Lulu Wang Yuxuan Wang Daniel C W Tsang Xiao Yang Jingzi Beiyuan Meiling Yin Tangfu Xiao Yanjun Jiang Wenli Lin Yuchen Zhou Juan Liu Liang Wang Min Zhao School of Environmental Science and Engineering Key Laboratory of Water Quality and Conservation in the Pearl River Delta Ministry of Education Guangzhou University Guangzhou 510006 China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radionuclides Pollution Control and Resources Guangzhou 510006 China. School of Environmental Science and Engineering Key Laboratory of Water Quality and Conservation in the Pearl River Delta Ministry of Education Guangzhou University Guangzhou 510006 China. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hung Hom Kowloon Hong Kong China. Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China. School of Environment and Chemical Engineering Foshan University Foshan Guangdong China. School of Environmental Science and Engineering Key Laboratory of Water Quality and Conservation in the Pearl River Delta Ministry of Education Guangzhou University Guangzhou 510006 China. Electronic address: liujuan858585@***. Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water and Soil Conservation and Environmental Protection College of Resources and Environment Linyi University Linyi China.

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Effects of an ecological conservation and restoration project in the Three-River Source Region, China

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2017年第2期27卷 183-204页

作者： SHAO Quanqin CAO Wei FAN Jiangwen HUANG Lin XU Xinliang Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research CAS Beijing 100101 China

The first-stage of an ecological conservation and restoration project in the Three-River Source Region（TRSR）, China, has been in progress for eight years. However, because the ecological effects of this project remain unknown, decision making for future project implementation is hindered. Thus, in this study, we developed an index system to evaluate the effects of the ecological restoration project, by integrating field observations, remote sensing, and process-based models. Effects were assessed using trend analyses of ecosystem structures and services. Results showed positive trends in the TRSR since the beginning of the project, but not yet a return to the optima of the 1970 s. Specifically, while continued degradation in grassland has been initially contained, results are still far from the desired objective, ‘grassland coverage increasing by an average of 20%–40%＇. In contrast, wetlands and water bodies have generally been restored, while the water conservation and water supply capacity of watersheds have increased. Indeed, the volume of water conservation achieved in the project meets the objective of a 1.32 billion m^3 increase. The effects of ecological restoration inside project regions was more significant than outside, and, in addition to climate change projects, we concluded that the implementation of ecological conservation and restoration projects has substantially contributed to vegetation restoration. Nevertheless, the degradation of grasslands has not been fundamentally reversed, and to date the project has not prevented increasing soil erosion. In sum, the effects and challenges of this first-stage project highlight the necessity of continuous and long-term ecosystem conservation efforts in this region.

关键词： Three-River Source Region ecological conservation and restoration ecosystem monitoring and assessment ecological effects

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simulation on phosphorus release characteristics of Poyang Lake sediments under variable water levels and velocities

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2017年第6期27卷 697-710页

作者： TONG Yali LIANG Tao WANG Lingqing LI Kexin Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research CAS Beijing 100101 China

Since the construction of the Three Gorges Dam, the Poyang Lake hydrological characteristics obviously changed. During the impoundment period of the Three Gorges Reservoir, the hydrodynamic factors of Poyang Lake varied. Water level dropped, the velocity decreased and water exchange time lengthened, which changed the release of phosphorous from sediments. In order to investigate how the hydrodynamic factors influence the release of phosphorous from sediments, we used a two-way annular flume device to simulate the release characteristics of phosphorous from sediments under variable water levels and velocities. We found that both water level rising and velocity increasing could enhance the distur- bance intensity to sediments, which caused the increase of suspended solids （SS） concentration, total phosphorus （TP） concentration in the overlying water, and the ability that phosphorus released to overlying water from sediments enhanced as well： when overlying water velocity maintained 0.3 m/s, SS concentration increased to 4035.85 mg/L at the water level 25 cm which was about 25 times compared to the minimum value and TP concentration in the overlying water also reached the maximum value at the water level 25 cm which was 1.2 times that of the value at 10 cm; when water level maintained 15 cm, SS concentration increased to 4363.35 mg/L at the velocity of 0.5 m/s which was about 28 times compared to the value of 0 m/s, and TP concentration in the overlying water increased from 0.11 mg/L to 0.44 mg/L. When the water level maintained 15 cm, the phosphorous release rate reached the maximum value of 4,86 mg/（md） at 0.4 m/s. The concentration of total dissolved phosphorous （TDP） and soluble reactive phosphate （SRP） both in overlying water and sediment-water interface were negatively correlated with pH. Using the parabolic equation, the optimum water level at a velocity of 0.3 m/s was calculated to be 0.57 cm, and the optimum velocity at water level of 15 cm was found to be 0.2

关键词： hydrodynamic factors sediment-water interface total phosphorous total dissolved phosphorous soluble reactive phosphate Poyang Lake

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280-m.y.-Old Fossil Starch Reveals Early Plant-Animal Mutulism

280-m.y.-Old Fossil Starch Reveals Early Plant-Animal Mutuli...

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第一届亚洲古生物学大会—暨中国古生物学会成立90周年纪念

作者： Feng LIU Benjamin BOMFLEUR Huiping PENG Quan LI Hans KERP Huaicheng ZHU Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology Chinese Academy of Sciences State Key laboratory of Palaeobiology ans Stratigraphy Chinese Academy of Scicneses Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment Chinese Academy of Scicneses Palaeobotany Reseaerch Group Unifersity of Munster Munster Germany Consulting Center of Stratigrpahy and Palaeontology Chinese Academy of Scicneses Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Reseach Chinese Academy of Scicneses

Starch is a major component in the human diet, and the acquisition of starch-rich food sources is considered a pivotal step in the biological and cultural evolution of ***, the potential role of starch as an energy vector in paleo-ecosystems has never been addressed, obviously due to the lack of tangible records of pre-Quaternary starch *** we describe ～280-m.y.-old lycopsid megaspores from Permian forest-swamp deposits in north China that bear caps of granular ***, shape, and surface structures as well as chemical and optical properties of these grains show that these caps are masses of compound storage *** is by far the oldest unequivocal record of fossil starch known to *** outside the actual megaspore container makes it unlikely that these starches were used for embryo nutrition;moreover, ultrathin sections of the megaspores indicate that they may have been produced after the megaspores were *** analogy to the elaiosomes on seeds of zoochorous plants today, we suggest that these starch caps were used to attract and reward animals, possibly land arthropods or snails, for megaspore *** study offers a rare glimpse into early stages of plant–animal co-evolution in Permian swamp-forest ecosystems.

关键词： Fossil starch megaspore Ealy Permian plant-animal mutulism swamp-forest ecosystem

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