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Reconstruction of Lu-level cropland areas in the Northern Song Dynasty （AD976-1078）

Journal of Geographical Sciences 2017年第5期27卷 606-618页

作者：何凡能李美娇李士成 Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research CAS Beijing 100101 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China School of Public Administration China University of Geosciences Wuhan 430074 China

Based on data on taxed-cropland area and on the number of households in historical documents, a probabilistic model of cropland distribution and a cropland area allocation model were designed and validated. Cropland areas for the years AD976, 997, 1066, and 1078 were estimated at the level of Lu（an administrative region of the Northern Song Dynasty）. The results indicated that（1） the cropland area of the whole study region for AD976, 997, 1066, and 1078 was about 468.27 million mu（a Chinese unit of area, with1 mu=666.7m2）, 495.53 million mu, 697.65 million mu, and 731.94 million mu, respectively. The fractional cropland area（FCA） increased from 10.7% to 16.8%, and the per capita cropland area decreased from 15.7 mu to 8.4 mu.（2） With regard to the cropland spatial pattern, the FCA of the southeast, north, and southwest regions of the Northern Song territory increased by 12.0%, 5.2%, and 1.2%, respectively. The FCA of some regions in the Yangtze River Plain increased to greater than 40%, and the FCA of the North China Plain increased to greater than 20%. However, the FCA of the southwest region（except for the Chengdu Plain） in the Northern Song territory was less than 6%.（3） There were 84.2% Lus whose absolute relative error was smaller than 20% in the mid Northern Song Dynasty. The validation results indicate that our models are reasonable and that the results of reconstruction are credible.

关键词： land use/cover change cropland area Lu-level reconstruction spatial–temporal characteristics Northern Song Dynasty

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Comprehensive Evaluation of the Suitability of Agricultural land in Myanmar

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Journal of Resources and Ecology 2018年第6期9卷 609-621页

作者： GU Changjun ZHANG Yili LIU Linshan LI Lanhui ZHANG Binghua Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China

Myanmar is a country with an economy based on *** has rich agricultural resources and great potential for *** development of agriculture in Myanmar is becoming increasingly important to international food *** of agricultural land resources in Myanmar are the basis for the country's agricultural development and for food security *** this paper we used the MaxEnt model to analyze the relationship between the suitability of land for agricultural reclamation and the main environmental variables in Myanmar,and then constructed a model to comprehensively evaluate the suitability of land for agriculture in *** results show that:1)the overall accuracy of the MaxEnt model is high (AUC>0.8),which means there is a high correlation between the database of selected environmental indicators and the true distribution of cultivated land in Myanmar.2)Soil depth is the most important factor affecting the suitability of land for agriculture in Myanmar When the thickness of soil layer is less than 100 cm,the suitability of land for agriculture is *** respect to topographic conditions,slope is the main factor affecting *** the slope is greater than 20 degrees,the suitability of land for agriculture is *** respect to climate conditions,precipitation is the main influencing factor. There is a positive correlation between river network density and land suitability.3)Currently,400000 km^2 of the land resources in Myanmar are suitable for agriculture,and of this amount 290000km^2 are highly suitable,accounting for nearly 40% of the country's land *** highly suitable land is distributed mainly in Magway,Sagaing,Ayeyarwady and Yangon *** provinces are also important grain production areas in Myanmar,and this serves to validate the effectiveness of the method used in this paper.

关键词： Myanmar agriculture land suitability MaxEnt AHP

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Reconstruction of cropland spatial patterns and its spatiotemporal changes over the 20th century on the Songnen Plain, Northeast China

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2017年第10期27卷 1209-1226页

作者： ZHANG Lijuan JIANG Lanqi ZHANG Xuezhen Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Monitoring of Geographic Environment Harbin Normal University Harbin 150025 China Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research CAS Beijing 100101 China Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Climate Change Nanjing 210093 China

We initially estimated the cropland area at county level using local historical documents for the Songnen Plain （SNP） in the 1910s and 1930s. We then allocated this cropland area to grid cells with a size of 1 km ×1 km, using a range of cultivation possibilities from high to low; this was based on topography and minimum distances to rivers, settlements, and traffic lines. Cropland areas for the 1950s were obtained from the land Use Map of Northeast China, and map vectorization was performed with ArcGIS technology. Cropland areas for the 1970s, 1980s, 1990s, 2000s, and 2010s were retrieved from landsat images. We found that the cropland areas were 4.92 ×10^4 km^2 and 7.60 ×10^4 km^2, accounting for 22.8% and 35.2% of the total area of the SNP in the 1910s and 1930s, respectively, which increased to 13.14 × 10^4 km^2, accounting for 60.9% in the 2010s. The cropland increased at a rate of 1.18 ×10^4 km^2 per decade from the 1910s to 1970s while it was merely 0.285 ×10^4 km^2 per decade from the 1970s to 2010s. From the 1910s to 1930s, new cultivation mainly occurred in the central SNP while, from the 1930s to 1970s, it was mainly over the western and northern parts. This spatially explicit reconstruction could be offered as primary data for studying the effects of changes in human-induced land cover based on climate change over the last century.

关键词： land use/cover changes agricultural development historical documents gridding data

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New radiocarbon and archaeobotanical evidence reveal the timing and route of southward dispersal of rice farming in south China

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Science Bulletin 2018年第22期63卷 1495-1501页

作者： Xiaoyan Yang Qiuhe Chen Yongchao Ma Zhao Li Hsiao-chun Hung Qianglu Zhang Zhiwei Jin Suoqiang Liu Zhenyu Zhou Xianguo Fu Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China School of Archaeology and Museology Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China School of Archaeology and Ancient History University of Leicester.Leicester LE17HRUK Department of Archaeology and Natural History Australian National UniversityCanberra ACT 0200Australia Guangzhou Municipal Institute of Archaeology and Cultural Relics Cuangzhou 510627China School of Society&Anthropology Sun Yat-sen UniversityCuangzhou 510275China Guangdong Provincial Institute of Archaeology and Cultural Relics Guangzhou 510075China Institute of Archaeology Chinese Academy of Social SciencesBeijing 100710China

The origins and spreads of rice agriculture have been enduring topics, yet the timing and southward dispersal from the Yangtze River Basin have been difficult to trace, due to the scarcity of archaeobotanical data, especially systematic macro-plant remains examination, combined with the poor preservation in the humid climate and acidic soils of China's southern ***, we report new radiocarbon dating and preserved rice phytolith evidence, derived from three Late Neolithic archaeological sites in south China, dated about 5,000–4,100 cal a *** results demonstrate that rice farming had spread southward through the mountainous regions of Wuyi and Nanling, then entered the areas of Western Fujian and North Guangdong by 5,000 cal a BP, followed by continued expansion into coastal areas of East China Sea and South China Sea, also crossing the Taiwan Strait, around 4,500–4,000 cal a *** North River,East River, Min River, and possibly other river systems likely were influential as pathways or conduits.

关键词： Agriculture spread Charred rice seeds Phytolith analysis Nanshan Site Laoyuan Site Guangdong and Fujian

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Examining the influence of the implementation of Major Function-oriented Zones on built-up area expansion in China

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2017年第6期27卷 643-660页

作者： LIU Wenchao LIU Jiyuan KUANG Wenhui NING Jia Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natura Resources Research CAS Beijing 100101 China College of Urban and Environment Science Tianjin Normal University Tianjin 300387 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China

China had implemented the national strategies for Major Function-oriented Zones （MFOZs） to realize the goal of national sustainable development since 2010. This study analyzed and compared spatio-temporal characteristics and differences in built-up area for China＇s MFOZs using a China＇ s land Use Database （CLUD） derived from high-resolution remotely sensed images in the periods of 2000-2010 and 2010-2013. To sum up：（1） The percentage of built-up area in each of the MFOZs was significantly different, revealing the gradient feature of national land development based on the distribution of the main functions. （2） Annual growth in built-up area in optimal development zones （ODZs） decreased signifi- cantly during 2010-2013 compared with the period 2000-2010, while annual growth in built-up area in key development zones （KDZs）, agricultural production zones （APZs） and key ecological function zones （KEFZs） increased significantly. （3） In ODZs, the average annual increase in built-up area in the Yangtze River Delta region was significantly higher than in other regions; the average area increase and rate of increase of built-up area in KDZs was faster in the western region than in other regions; average annual area growth of built-up area in APZs in the northeast, central and western regions was twice as high as the previous decade on average; the annual rate of change and increase in the dynamic degree of built-up area were most notable in KEFZs in the central region. （4） The spatial pattern and charac- teristics of built-up area expansions in the period 2010-2013 reflected the gradient feature of the plan for MFOZs. But the rate of increase locally in built-up area in ODZs, APZs and KEFZs is fast, so the effective measures must be adopted in the implementation of national and regional policies. The conclusions indicated these methods and results were meaningful for future regulation strategies in optimizing national land development in China.

关键词： Major Function-oriented Zones satellite remote sensing land use change development of urban andtown built-up area China

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Influences of agricultural phenology dynamic on land surface biophysical process and climate feedback

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2017年第9期27卷 1085-1099页

作者： LIU Fengshan CHEN Ying SHI Wenjiao ZHANG Shuai TAO Fulu GE Quansheng Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Re- sources Research CAS Beijing 100101 China Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou 350002 China College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China

Response and feedback of land surface research priorities in the field of geoscience. The process to climate change is one of the current study paid more attention to the impacts of global change on land surface process, but the feedback of land surface process to climate change has been poorly understood. It is becoming more and more meaningful under the framework of Earth system science to understand systematically the relationships between agricultural phenology dynamic and biophysical process, as well as the feedback on climate. In this paper, we summarized the research progress in this field, including the fact of agricultural phenology change, parameterization of phenology dynamic in land surface progress model, the influence of agricultural phenology dynamic on biophysical process, as well as its feedback on climate. The results showed that the agriculture phenophase, represented by the key phenological phases such as sowing, flowering and maturity, had shifted significantly due to the impacts of climate change and agronomic management. The digital expressions of land surface dynamic process, as well as the biophysical process and atmospheric process, were improved by coupling phenology dynamic in land surface model. The agricultural phenology dynamic had influenced net radiation, latent heat, sensible heat, albedo, temperature, precipitation, circulation, playing an important role in the surface energy partitioning and climate feedback. Considering the importance of agricultural phenology dynamic in land surface biophysical process and climate feedback, the following research priorities should be stressed：（1） the interactions between climate change and land surface phenology dynamic; （2） the relations between agricultural phenology dynamic and land surface reflectivity at different spectrums; （3） the contributions of crop physiology characteristic changes to land surface biophysical process; （4） the regional differences of climate feedbacks from phenology d

关键词： agricultural phenology land surface biophysical process land surface process model climate feedback

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Spatio-temporal variation of the wet-dry conditions from 1961 to 2015 in China

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Science China Earth Sciences 2017年第11期60卷 2041-2050页

作者： YUAN QuanZhi WU ShaoHong DAI ErFu ZHAO DongSheng ZHANG XueRu REN Ping Key Lab of Land Resources Evaluation and Monitoring in Southwest Ministry of EducationSichuan Normal UniversityChengdu 610068China Institute of Geography and Resources Science Sichuan Normal UniversityChengdu 610101China Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China College of Architecture and Urban Planning Chongqing Jiaotong UniversityChongqing 400074China School of Public Administration Hebei University of Economics and BusinessShijiazhuang 050061China

As an important part of the regional environment, the wet-dry climate condition is determined by precipitation and potential evapotranspiration （expressed as ETo）. Based on weather station data, this study first calculated ETo by using the FAO56 Penrnan-Monteith model. Then, the dryness index K （ratio of ETo to precipitation） was used to study the spatio-temporal variation of the wet-dry condition in China from 1961 to 2015; moreover, dominant climatic factors of the wet-dry condition change were discussed. The annual precipitation and ETo of the Qinling-Huaihe line were close to a balance （K≈1.0）. The annual precipitation in most areas exceeded the ETo in the south of this line and the east of Hengduan Mountains （K〈0.0）, where the climate is wet. Furthermore, the precipitation in the northwest inland areas of China, where the climate is dry, was markedly lower than ETo （K≥4.0）. The overall annual K of China fluctuated around the 55-year mean and its linear trend was not significant. However, a relatively wet period of about 10 yr （1987-1996） was recorded. The overall annual K of China showed strong cyclicality on the time scale of 3, 7-8, 11 and 26-28 yr, and regional differences of the annual K trends and cyclicality were large. The degrees of wetness in the Northwest China and western Qinghai-Tibet Plateau were substantially increased, whereas the degrees of dryness in the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, Sichuan Basin, and Loess Plateau were markedly increased. The linear trend of the annual K in most regions of China was not significant, and the annual K of most areas in China showed strong cyclicality on the 8-14 yr time scale. Precipitation was the dominant factor of wet-dry condition change in most areas, especially in North China, where the annual K change was highly correlated with precipitation.

关键词： Wet-dry condition Climate dryness index Potential evapotranspiration Climate change China

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An EcoCity model for regulating urban land cover structure and thermal environment： Taking Beijing as an example

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Science China Earth Sciences 2017年第6期60卷 1098-1109页

作者： KUANG WenHui YANG TianRong LIU AiLin ZHANG Chi LU DengSheng CHI WenFeng Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography Chinese Academy of Sciences 830011 China Zhejiang A&F University Hangzhou 311300 China Michigan State University East Lansing MI 48823 USA College of Desert Control Science and Engineering Inner Mongolia Agricultural University Hohhot 010018 China

Urban land-use/cover changes and their effects on the eco-environment have long been an active research topic in the urbanization field. However, the characteristics of urban inner spatial heterogeneity and its quantitative relationship with thermal environment are still poorly understood, resulting in ineffective application in urban ecological planning and *** the integration of "spatial structure theory" in urban geography and "surface energy balance" in urban climatology, we proposed a new concept of urban surface structure and thermal environment regulation to reveal the mechanism between urban spatial structure and surface thermal environment. We developed the EcoCity model for regulating urban land cover structure and thermal environment, and established the eco-regulation thresholds of urban surface thermal environments. Based on the comprehensive analysis of experimental observation, remotely sensed and meteorological data, we examined the spatial patterns of urban habitation, industrial, infrastructure service, and ecological spaces. We examined the impacts of internal land-cover components(e.g., urban impervious surfaces, greenness, and water) on surface radiation and heat flux. This research indicated that difference of thermal environments among urban functional areas is closely related to the proportions of the land-cover *** highly dense impervious surface areas in commercial and residential zones significantly increased land surface temperature through increasing sensible heat flux, while greenness and water decrease land surface temperature through increasing latent heat flux. We also found that different functional zones due to various proportions of green spaces have various heat dissipation roles and ecological thresholds. Urban greening projects in highly dense impervious surfaces areas such as commercial, transportation, and residential zones are especially effective in promoting latent heat dissipation efficiency of v

关键词： Urban land-use/cover Urban impervious surface Ecological regulation Thermal environment Remote sensing

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Phenological records in Guanzhong Area in central China between 600 and 902 AD as proxy for winter half-year temperature reconstruction

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Science China Earth Sciences 2016年第9期59卷 1847-1853页

作者： LIU YaChen DAI JunHu WANG HuanJiong YE Yu LIU HaoLong School of Geography Beijing Normal University Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of Sciences

Phenological data obtained from historical documents constitute highly important ecological evidence for the pre-instrumental period, and can be used in analyzing climatic change in history. In this study, 87 phenological records about seasonality of non-biological events （e.g., first frost date）, agriculture and ornamental plants （e.g., first flowering date） over 77 years were extracted from historical documents from the Sui and Tang dynasties in China to reconstruct the winter half-year （from October to next April） temperatures in the Guanzhong Area （located in central China） from 600 to 902 AD. Transfer functions between temperature and phenophases with significant correlations were established by using modem observation data. Temperatures from the study period were reconstructed by applying the transfer functions to historical phenological data. The reconstruction indicates that the winter half-year temperatures during 600-902 AD were 0.23~C higher than the reference period （1961-1990）. The temperature changed with two distinct stages. During the 600s-800s, temperatures were approxi- mately 0.38~C higher than at present but then temperatures decreased in the subsequent period （800-902 AD）. These results are similar to ones from previous studies on the mean temperature and the divisions between warm and cold periods during the study period, though differences were found in the degree of warmness/coldness. This reconstruction provides a valuable contribution to a better understanding of climatic variability during the Sui and Tang dynasties in China.

关键词： Phenological records Temperature reconstruction Sui and Tang dynasties in China Guanzhong Area in China

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Reponses and sensitivities of maize phenology to climate change from 1981 to 2009 in Henan Province, China

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2017年第9期27卷 1072-1084页

作者： LIU Yujie QIN Ya GE Quansheng DAI Junhu CHEN Qiaomin Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research CAS Beijing 100101 China Xi'an University of Science and Technology College of Surveying and Mapping Science and Technology Xi'an 710054 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China

With the global warming, crop phenological shifts in responses to climate change have become a hot research topic. Based on the long-term observed agro-meteorological phenological data （1981-2009） and meteorological data, we quantitatively analyzed temporal and spatial shifts in maize phenology and their sensitivities to key climate factors change using climate tendency rate and sensitivity analysis methods. Results indicated that the sowing date was significantly delayed and the delay tendency rate was 9.0 d·10a^-1. But the stages from emergence to maturity occurred earlier （0.1 d·10a^-1〈θ〈1.7 d·10a^-1, θ is the change slope of maize phenology）. The length of vegetative period （VPL）（from emergence to tasseling） was shortened by 0.9 d·10a^-1, while the length of generative period （GPL）（from tasseling to maturity） was lengthened by 1.7 d·10a^-1. The growing season length （GSL）（from emergence to maturity） was lengthened by 0.4 d·10a^-1. Correlation analysis indicated that maize phenology was significantly correlated with average temperature, precipitation, sunshine duration and growing degree days （GDD）（p〈0.01）. Average temperature had significant negative correlation relationship, while precipitation, sunshine duration and growing degree days had significant positive correlations with maize phenology. Sensitivity analysis indicated that maize phenology showed different responses to variations in key climate factors, especially at different sites. The conclusions of this research could provide scientific supports for agricultural adaptation to climate change to address the global food security issue.

关键词： climate change maize phenology trend analysis sensitivity

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