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A Review on Diagnostic Phytoliths for the Application in Paleovegetation Reconstruction and Environmental Archaeology in East Asia

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International Journal of Geosciences 2024年第6期15卷 479-492页

作者： Weiyu Chen Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China

Phytoliths are extensively utilized as an archaeobotanical indicator in paleovegetation reconstruction and environmental archaeology. Over the past two decades, numerous phytolith morphotypes, particularly those exhibiting diagnostic morphological features and over representative of source plants at the genus and species levels, were discovered and reported. These advancements have significantly contributed to phytolith-based vegetation reconstruction on different timescales, enhanced our understanding of prehistoric plant utilization, and elucidated cultivation and domestication processes of key crops in ancient agriculture. However, there are still inconsistencies and misunderstandings regarding the morphological characteristics of diagnostic phytoliths in various plant groups. This review highlighted the standardization in the classification and description of phytolith morphotypes, and summarized the advancements in phytolith morphology research over the past two decades. Morphological illustrations of diagnostic phytoliths from various plant groups, particularly key crops and their relatives from dryland and rice agriculture in East Asia, were presented as references for phytolith identification and application. Finally, this review proposes future directions for phytolith morphological studies, emphasizing the comprehensive consideration of anatomical structure and morphometric parameters, as well as the need for extensive research on modern plant phytoliths and control experiments on phytolith growth.

关键词： Diagnostic Phytolith Paleovegetation Reconstruction Environmental Archaeology

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Comprehensive understanding of guest compound intercalated layered double hydroxides: Design and applications in removal of potentially toxic elements

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Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology 2023年第4期53卷 457-482页

作者： Cui, Shihao Peng, Yutao Yang, Xiao Gao, Xing Guan, Chung-Yu Fan, Beibei Zhou, Xue Chen, Qing Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation College of Resources and Environmental Sciences China Agricultural University Beijing China School of Agriculture Sun Yat-sen University Guangdong Shenzhen China Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China State Key Laboratory for Pollution Control and Reuse School of Environmental Science and Engineering Tongji University Shanghai China Department of Environmental Engineering National I-Lan University Yilan Taiwan

Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) and LDHs-derived materials are emerging as potential engineered adsorbents for the protection of water environment. Particularly, LDHs intercalated with different guest compounds (GC-LDHs), which differ from traditional interlayer anions (such as Cl−, SO42−, NO3−, CO32−, and PO43−), are widely reported by recent studies showing their promising multifunctional roles in water purification. Herein, this review systematically presents the synthesis methods and characterization techniques of GC-LDHs and their application as adsorbents in removing potentially toxic elements (PTEs) from the aqueous phase. This review also elaborates on the important roles of complexation, chelation, precipitation, isomorphic substitution, and ion exchange in the process of PTE removal by GC-LDHs. Among them, compared with PTE cations, ion exchange is an additional mechanism for the removal of PTE oxyanions by GC-LDHs. Furthermore, the influence of pH, ionic strength, temperature, physiochemical properties of original LDHs and guest compounds on the GC-LDHs adsorption performance are also summarized. Finally, the development trends and future challenges related to GC-LDHs are proposed. © 2022 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.

关键词： Ion exchange

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Revealing climatic impacts on the temporal and spatial variation in vegetation activity across China:Sensitivity and contribution

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Advances in Climate Change Research 2021年第3期12卷 409-420页

作者： JIAO Ke-Wei GAO Jiang-Bo LIU Zhi-Hua WU Shao-Hong Tamara L.FLETCHER Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management Institute of Applied EcologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang110016China Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China

Relative weakness in sensitivity and contribution integration,especially lack of specific indicators at spatial and temporal scales,may hinder the formation of systematic knowledge for climate change impact on vegetation *** the interannual variability and periods difference,we investigated the ecosystem sensitivity to hydrothermal conditions and the contribution of individual climatic factors to vegetation activity on spatiotemporal scales during the period of 1980s—2013 in *** ran simulations of the Common land Model(CoLM)to obtain the photosynthetic rate,and used the satellite-derived Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI),to which we applied a temporal sensitivity analysis,the slope change ratio of accumulative quantity(SCRAQ),and geographical *** show that the discrepancy between warming and precipitation variation contributed to vegetation activity was more notable than the ecosystem sensitivity to hydrothermal conditions,regardless of which temporal and spatial scale was *** sensitivity of vegetation activity to hydrothermal variation in most parts of northeastern and western China was higher than elsewhere,and the contribution of warming to vegetation dynamics was relatively high in the Inner Mongolian Plateau and Tibetan Plateau(>60%),where the contribution of warming to the vegetation distribution was also greater than elsewhere in ***,the contribution of precipitation variation to vegetation dynamics was comparatively greater in northwestern China and subtropical and tropical regions(>55%).The spatiotemporal contribution of precipitation variation to vegetation activity differed between regions,especially on the Tibetan Plateau and in subtropical and tropical ***,both the temporal and spatial sensitivities to climate change were weak in the subtropical and tropical regions,where the contribution of climatic factors to vegetation distribution was also ***,temperature sensit

关键词： Vegetation activity Climate change Sensitivity Contribution Spatial-temporal scales China

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理解青藏高原三江源地区放牧压力的空间异质性

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2023年第8期33卷 1660-1680页

作者：谷昌军刘林山张镱锂魏博崔伯豪宫殿清 Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchCASBeijing 100101China College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China National Disaster Reduction Center of China Ministry of Emergency ManagementBeijing 100124China

Elucidating the distribution of the grazing pressure requires an understanding of the grazing *** this study,we analyzed the grazing behavior of yaks in Three-RiverSource Region(TRSR)and identified the main factors influencing the distribution of grazing intensity(GI)using trajectory data and remote sensing *** results revealed that a semi-resident transhumance strategy is employed in this *** average grazing time(GT)of four GPS collars over the year was 11.84 h/day(N6),11.01 h/day(N11),9.25 h/day(N18),and 11.61 h/day(N24).GT was generally higher in warm seasons(summer and autumn)than in cold seasons(spring and winter).The average daily moving speed was found to be closely related to the pasture size of different herders and the *** analysis identified the distance to camp(DOC)as the most important single factor influencing the distribution of GI,explaining up to 52% of the GI ***,relying solely on this factor may not accurately depict the actual GI *** pairwise factors interacted,the explanatory power of the model increased,ranging from 34.55% to 63.26%.Our study highlights the importance of considering multiple factors when predicting grazing intensity,as grazing activities tend to cluster near settlements,but other factors may also be influential.

关键词： grazing intensity GPS-tracking spatial heterogeneity yak Tibetan Plateau

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Disciplinary structure and development strategy of human geography in China

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2022年第9期32卷 1654-1669页

作者： FAN Jie ZHAO Pengjun ZHOU Shangyi DENG Xiangzheng WANG Chen Key Laboratory of Regional Sustainable Development Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchCASBeijing100101China College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China College of Urban and Environmental Sciences Peking UniversityBeijing100871China Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Human-Erath Relations Ministry of Natural Resources of ChinaShenzhenGuangdong518055China Faculty of Geographical Science Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing100875China Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchCASBeijing100101China School of Earth Sciences Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou310027China

Human geography is a discipline that studies the formation and evolution of the geographical distribution pattern of human *** main research objects of human geography focus on human activities and human-environment *** scientific questions to be answered by human geography cover both natural science and social science,and thus it has distinctive interdisciplinary *** China,human activities’economic and social processes play an essential role in explaining the law in human geography discipline as human society development is approaching or has entered the post-industrialization *** logic and methods of social science have become important tools through which human geography’s changes in processes and patterns of human geography can be reasonably discussed and adequately *** research methodology of human geography shows integration characteristics between natural sciences and social *** outcomes of human geography research reveal scientific laws in geographical distribution patterns and the evolution of human *** becomes one of the primary disciplines for both the national and local governments to manage and optimize spatial development and protection *** has wide applications in spatial planning,regional strategy and policy-making,and the modernization of spatial *** unique feature in integrating academic research and policy-making applications provides human geography discipline in China a superiority of leading the world in the *** integrated human geography,human geography in China has five subdisciplines:economic geography,urban geography,rural geography,socio-cultural geography and political *** subdiscipline has priority and critical research fields and coordinates with the rest of the subdisciplines.

关键词： human geography economic geography urban and rural geography socio-cultural geography political geography

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Possible NPP changes and risky ecosystem region identification in China during the 21st century based on BCC-CSM2

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2020年第8期30卷 1219-1232页

作者： ZHANG Chi WU Shaohong LENG Guoyong Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchCASBeijing 100101China Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchCASBeijing 100101China

Based on simulations by the Beijing Climate Center climate system model version 2(BCC-CSM2), the possible changes in net primary productivity (NPP) of the terrestrial ecosystemin China during the 21st century are explored under the Shared SocioeconomicPathway 2 (SSP2) 4.5 scenario. We found both the near-term and long-term terrestrial NPPbasically shows a unanimously increasing trend, which indicates low ecosystem productivityrisk in the future. However, the simple linear regression is insufficient to characterize thelong-term variation of NPP. Using the piecewise linear regression approach, we identify adecreasing trend of NPP in large areas for the latter part of the 21st century. In the northeastregion (NER) from east Inner Mongolia to west Heilongjiang province, NPP decreases significantlyafter 2059 at a rate of −0.9% dec-1. In the south region (SR) from Zhejiang toGuangxi provinces, a rapid decline of −2.4% dec-1 is detected after 2085. Further analysisreveals that the rapid decline in SR is primarily attributed to the decrease in precipitation, withtemperature playing a secondary role, while the NPP decline in NER seems to have no evidentrelations with climate change. These findings are useful for making preparations forpotential ecosystem crisis in China in the future.

关键词： climate change NPP ecosystem risk turning point SSP245

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The Challenge of Robust Peaking of Agricultural Non-Co2 GHG Emissions

SSRN

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Yu, Shuang Zhang, Xueyan Ma, Xin Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research CAS Beijing100101 China Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development for Agriculture Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing100081 China

Agricultural mitigation is crucial for China’s "3060" carbon peak and carbon neutrality goals. However, the robust peaking of agricultural non-CO2 GHG emissions has been overlooked. This study examines Chengdu as a case study to identify obstacles in the process of agrarian nonCO2 GHG peaking in China. The results show that rapid urbanization and changes in crop structure have driven a long-term decline in agricultural non-CO2 GHG emissions, with a turning point identified as early as 1995. However, interference from administrative division adjustments and emergencies in 2016 and 2019 prevented robust non-CO2 GHG peaking in Chengdu. This highlights the need for at least five years to confirm a strong peak, as unforeseen events and policy adjustments can cause significant fluctuations. This study offers new perspectives and case evidence to forecast the trajectory of agricultural non-CO2 GHG emissions in China, informing decision-making in mitigation efforts within the agriculture sector. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Carbon dioxide

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Adaptive Statistical Spatial Downscaling of Precipitation Supported by High-Resolution Atmospheric simulation Data for Mountainous Areas of Nepal

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Journal of Meteorological Research 2023年第4期37卷 508-520页

作者： Hua YANG Kun YANG Jun QIN Baohong DING Yaozhi JIANG Yingying CHEN Xu ZHOU Yan WANG Shankar SHARMA National Tibetan Plateau Data Center State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth SystemEnvironment and ResourcesInstitute of Tibetan Plateau ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling Department of Earth System ScienceInstitute for Global Change StudiesTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084 State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101 Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101

In complex terrain regions, it is very challenging to obtain high accuracy and resolution precipitation data that are required in land hydrological studies. In this study, an adaptive precipitation downscaling method is proposed based on the statistical downscaling model MicroMet. A key input parameter in the MicroMet is the precipitation adjustment factor(PAF) that shows the elevation dependence of precipitation. Its value is estimated conventionally based on station observations and suffers sparse stations in high altitudes. This study proposes to estimate the PAF value and its spatial variability with precipitation data from high-resolution atmospheric simulations and tests the idea in Nepal of South Himalayas, where rainfall stations are relatively dense. The result shows that MicroMet performs the best with the PAF value estimated from the simulation data at the scale of approximately 1.5 degrees. Not only the value at this scale is qualitatively consistent with early knowledge obtained from intensive observations, but also the downscaling performance with this value is better than or comparable to that with the PAF estimated from dense station data. Finally, it is shown that the PAF estimation, although critical, cannot replace the importance of increasing input station density for downscaling.

关键词： precipitation statistical downscaling precipitation adjustment factor adaptive estimation high resolution dynamical downscaling

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The conservation patterns of grassland ecosystem in response to the forage-livestock balance in North China

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2021年第4期31卷 518-534页

作者： HUANG Lin NING Jia ZHU Ping ZHENG Yuhan ZHAI Jun Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchCASBeijing 100101China Satellite Environment Center Ministry of Ecology and EnvironmentBeijing 100094China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

Being a key ecological security barrier and production base for grassland animal husbandry in China,the balance between grassland forage supply and livestock-carrying pressure in North China directly affects grassland degradation and restoration,thereby impacting grassland ecosystem *** paper analyzes the spatiotemporal variation in grassland vegetation coverage,forage supply,and the balance between grassland forage supply and livestock-carrying pressure from 2000 to 2015 in North *** then discuss the spatial pattern of grassland ecological conservation under the impacts of grassland degradation and restoration,and livestock-carrying *** the last 16 years,the total grassland area in North China decreased by about 16,000 km^(2),with vegetation coverage degraded by 6.7%of the grasslands but significantly restored by another 5.4%of *** provisioning of forage by natural grassland mainly increased over time,with an annual growth rate of approximately 0.3 kg/ha,but livestock-carrying pressure also increased *** livestock-carrying pressure index without any supplementary feeding reached as high as *** from the potential livestock-carrying capacity in northeastern Inner Mongolia and the central Tibetan Plateau,most regions in North China are currently *** the actual supplementary feeding during the cold season,the livestock-carrying pressure index is about 3.1,with the livestock-carrying pressure mitigated in central and eastern Inner *** full supplementary feeding in the cold season,livestock-carrying pressure index will fall to 1.9,with the livestock-carrying pressure alleviated significantly in Inner Mongolia and on the Tibetan ***,we propose different conservation and development strategies to balance grassland ecological conservation and animal husbandry production in different regions of protected areas,pastoral areas,farming-pastoral ecotone,and farming areas,according

关键词： grassland degradation and restoration forage supply livestock-carrying pressure grassland ecosystem conservation North China

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Seasonal Variation in Air Temperature and Relative Humidity on Building Areas and in Green Spaces in Beijing, China

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Chinese Geographical Science 2020年第1期30卷 75-88页

作者： KUANG Wenhui Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences

The cooling and humidifying effects of urban parks are an essential component of city ecosystems in terms of regulating microclimates or mitigating urban heat islands(UHIs).Air temperature and relative humidity are two main factors of thermal environmental comfort and have a critical impact on the urban environmental quality of human *** measured the 2-m height air temperature and relative humidity at the Beijing Olympic Park and a nearby building roof for more than 1 year to elucidate seasonal variations in air temperature and relative humidity,as well as to investigate the outdoor thermal *** results showed that the lawn of the park could,on average,reduce the air temperature by(0.80±0.19)℃,and increase the relative humidity by(5.24±2.91)% relative to the values measured at the building roof during *** the nighttime,the lawn of the park reduced the air temperature by(2.64±0.64)℃ and increased the relative humidity by(10.77±5.20)%.The park was cooler and more humid than surrounding building area,especially in night period(more pronounced cooling with 1.84℃).Additionally,the lawn of the park could improve outdoor thermal comfort through its cooling and humidifying *** level of thermal comfort in the park was higher than that around the building roof for a total of 11 days annually in which it was above one or more thermal comfort levels(average reduced human comfort index of 0.92)except during the winter.

关键词： air temperature relative humidity outdoor thermal comfort urban park planning

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