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70 years of urban expansion across China: trajectory, pattern, and national policies

Science Bulletin 2020年第23期65卷 1970-1974,M0003页

作者： Wenhui Kuang Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China

新中国成立70年来,国家城市化水平显著提升,城市建设取得了辉煌的成绩.本研究采用卫星遥感、历史地图及文献资料,系统重现了新中国成立70年来(1949~2018年)城市扩展的时空轨迹,揭示了国家城市扩展的格局、态势及政策的驱动作用.研究表明... 详细信息

新中国成立70年来,国家城市化水平显著提升,城市建设取得了辉煌的成绩.本研究采用卫星遥感、历史地图及文献资料,系统重现了新中国成立70年来(1949~2018年)城市扩展的时空轨迹,揭示了国家城市扩展的格局、态势及政策的驱动作用.研究表明, 70年来中国城市土地面积由1949年的5600 km2增长到2018年的74800km2,增长了约12倍,由农业生产为主的社会转变为以现代工业和服务业为主的国家.改革开放以来,国家实施的东部沿海地区率先发展战略极大地推进了东部沿海地区城市扩展."西部大开发"战略显著带动了西部地区城市扩展,有效缩减了区域差异.新时代"美丽中国"生态文明建设城市宏伟蓝图的绘制,提出仍需解决好城市发展的区域不平衡问题,从而塑造未来城市发展的新格局.

关键词：西部大开发区域不平衡西部地区城市区域差异驱动作用生态文明建设文献资料城市化水平

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Source-oriented probabilistic risk assessment and priority control factors of potentially harmful elements in fine roadway dust from a representative industrial city, China

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2025年

作者： Zhenze Wang Kai Lei Xinwei Lu Yufan Yang Bo Yu Lingqing Wang Department of Environmental Science School of Geography and Tourism Shaanxi Normal University Xi’an 710119 China Xi’an Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Physiology and Ecological Remediation Technology School of Biological and Environmental Engineering Xi’an University Xi’an 710065 China Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China

Pollution of potentially harmful elements (PHEs) poses a significant challenge to an urban environment. Fine roadway dust (FRD, particle size <63 μm) often accumulates elevated concentrations of PHEs, posing a threat to the ecological environment and human health, while also curbing urban sustainable development. In this study, a source–receptor model combined with one-dimensional Monte Carlo simulation (1-D MCS) and two-dimensional Monte Carlo simulation (2-D MCS) was used to assess the probabilistic eco-health risks of PHEs in FRD from Xingtai, a representative industrial city in northern China. The average concentrations of Ba, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, V, and Zn exceeded the background values of the local soils, and the overall degree of contamination was moderate. The PHEs originated from traffic, industrial, and natural sources, accounting for 44.2 %, 37.8 %, and 18.0 % of the total sources of PHEs, respectively. The overall eco-risk of PHEs was relatively low, whereas PHEs could pose a certain non-carcinogenic risk to children. The cancer risks to all populations, especially children, cannot be ignored. Cr was a priority pollutant, and industrial sources were the primary control targets. This study recommended the threshold values of exposure concentrations using the 2-D MCS model. The results showed that the cancer risk to children exceeded the safety threshold at Cr levels higher than 62.67 mg/kg, and Pb could pose a potential ecological risk to the environment at concentrations reaching 174.99 mg/kg. This study provides scientific guidance for pollution control and risk management of PHEs in industrial cities worldwide.

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Will China achieve its 2060 carbon neutral commitment from the provincial perspective?

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Advances in Climate Change Research 2022年第2期13卷 169-178页

作者： Li-Li SUN Hui-Juan CUI Quan-Sheng GE Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China CNOOC Research Institute Ltd. Beijing 100027China

China has pledged to peak carbon emissions before 2030 and strive to achieve carbon neutrality before ***,the significant variations of provincial carbon emissions make it unclear whether they can jointly fulfill the national carbon peak and neutrality ***,this study predicts the emission trajectories at provincial level in China by employing the extended STIRPAT(Stochastic Impacts by Regression on Population,Affluence,and Technology)model to see the feasibility and time of reaching peak carbon emissions and carbon *** found that most provinces can achieve peak emission before 2030 but challenging to achieve carbon neutrality before 2060,even considering the ecological carbon *** provincial neutrality time is concentrated between 2058 and 2070;the sooner the carbon emission peaks,the earlier the carbon neutral will be *** aggregated carbon emissions at provincial level show that China can achieve its carbon emission peak of 9.64-10.71 Gt before 2030,but it is unlikely to achieve the carbon neutrality goal before 2060 without carbon capture,utilization,and storage(CCUS).With high CCUS development,China is expected to achieve carbon neutrality in 2054-2058,irrespective of the socio-economic *** low CCUS development,China's carbon neutrality target will be achieved only under the accelerated-improvement scenario,while it will postpone to 2061 and 2064 under the continued-improvement and the business-as-usual scenarios,respectively.

关键词： China's carbon neutrality Peak emission Provincial emission CCUS STIRPAT

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A gradient analysis on urban sprawl and urban landscape pattern between 1985 and 2000 in the Pearl River Delta, China

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Frontiers of Earth Science 2018年第4期12卷 791-807页

作者： Erfu DAI Zhuo WU Xiaodian DU Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Beijing No.65Middle School Beijing 100006China

Urbanization is an irreversible trend worldwide, especially in rapidly developing China. Accelerated urbanization has resulted in rapid urban sprawl and urban landscape pattern changes. Quantifying the spatiotemporal dynamics of urban land use and landscape pattern not only can reveal the characteristics of social transfer and economic development, but also can provide insights into the driving mechanisms of land use changes. In this study, we integrated remote sensing (RS), geographic information system (GIS), landscape metrics, and gradient analysis to quantitatively compare the spatiotemporal dynamics of land use, urban sprawl, and landscape pattern for nine cities in the Pearl River Delta from 1985aEuro'2000. For the whole study region, urbanization was obvious. The results show an increase in urban buildup land and shrinkage of cropland in the Pearl River Delta. However, the nine cities differed greatly in terms of the process and magnitude of urban sprawl for both the spatial and temporal dimensions. This was most evident for the cities of Guangzhou and Shenzhen. Gradient analysis on urban landscape changes could deepen understanding of the stages of urban development and provide a scientific foundation for future urban planning and land management strategies in China.

关键词： urbanization urban sprawl landscape pattern gradient analysis Pearl River Delta in China

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Changes in vegetation and moisture in the northern Tianshan of China over the past 450 years

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Frontiers of Earth Science 2020年第2期14卷 479-491页

作者： Weihe REN Yan ZHAO Quan LI Jianhui CHEN Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Key Laboratory of West China’s Environmental System(Ministry of Education) College of Earth and Environmental SciencesLanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China

Knowledge of historical changes in moisture within semi-arid and arid regions is the basis of climatic change predictions and strategies in response to long-term *** this study,a multiproxy peat record with highresolution from Sichanghu in the northern Tianshan was used to document the changes in vegetation and climate over the past 450 years in the arid Central *** pollen,grain size,and loss on ignition(LOI)records indicate that the productivity of local peat began to increase at^1730 *** vegetation in the Sichanghu area experienced several transitions,from temperate desert to dense desert,marsh meadow,and steppe desert *** climate in the study area was extremely dry during the early stages of the Little Ice Age(LIA)(before 1730 AD)and relatively wet during the late stages(1730–1880 AD).The inferred changes in the moisture conditions of the Sichanghu peatland since the LIA may have been controlled by the extent of Arctic sea ice,the North Atlantic Oscillation,and the Siberian High via the connections of large-scale atmospheric circulations such as the Westerlies.

关键词： Little Ice Age pollen vegetation change moisture condition Tianshan arid Central Asia

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Effects of an ecological conservation and restoration project in the Three-River Source Region, China

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2017年第2期27卷 183-204页

作者： SHAO Quanqin CAO Wei FAN Jiangwen HUANG Lin XU Xinliang Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research CAS Beijing 100101 China

The first-stage of an ecological conservation and restoration project in the Three-River Source Region（TRSR）, China, has been in progress for eight years. However, because the ecological effects of this project remain unknown, decision making for future project implementation is hindered. Thus, in this study, we developed an index system to evaluate the effects of the ecological restoration project, by integrating field observations, remote sensing, and process-based models. Effects were assessed using trend analyses of ecosystem structures and services. Results showed positive trends in the TRSR since the beginning of the project, but not yet a return to the optima of the 1970 s. Specifically, while continued degradation in grassland has been initially contained, results are still far from the desired objective, ‘grassland coverage increasing by an average of 20%–40%＇. In contrast, wetlands and water bodies have generally been restored, while the water conservation and water supply capacity of watersheds have increased. Indeed, the volume of water conservation achieved in the project meets the objective of a 1.32 billion m^3 increase. The effects of ecological restoration inside project regions was more significant than outside, and, in addition to climate change projects, we concluded that the implementation of ecological conservation and restoration projects has substantially contributed to vegetation restoration. Nevertheless, the degradation of grasslands has not been fundamentally reversed, and to date the project has not prevented increasing soil erosion. In sum, the effects and challenges of this first-stage project highlight the necessity of continuous and long-term ecosystem conservation efforts in this region.

关键词： Three-River Source Region ecological conservation and restoration ecosystem monitoring and assessment ecological effects

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simulation on phosphorus release characteristics of Poyang Lake sediments under variable water levels and velocities

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2017年第6期27卷 697-710页

作者： TONG Yali LIANG Tao WANG Lingqing LI Kexin Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research CAS Beijing 100101 China

Since the construction of the Three Gorges Dam, the Poyang Lake hydrological characteristics obviously changed. During the impoundment period of the Three Gorges Reservoir, the hydrodynamic factors of Poyang Lake varied. Water level dropped, the velocity decreased and water exchange time lengthened, which changed the release of phosphorous from sediments. In order to investigate how the hydrodynamic factors influence the release of phosphorous from sediments, we used a two-way annular flume device to simulate the release characteristics of phosphorous from sediments under variable water levels and velocities. We found that both water level rising and velocity increasing could enhance the distur- bance intensity to sediments, which caused the increase of suspended solids （SS） concentration, total phosphorus （TP） concentration in the overlying water, and the ability that phosphorus released to overlying water from sediments enhanced as well： when overlying water velocity maintained 0.3 m/s, SS concentration increased to 4035.85 mg/L at the water level 25 cm which was about 25 times compared to the minimum value and TP concentration in the overlying water also reached the maximum value at the water level 25 cm which was 1.2 times that of the value at 10 cm; when water level maintained 15 cm, SS concentration increased to 4363.35 mg/L at the velocity of 0.5 m/s which was about 28 times compared to the value of 0 m/s, and TP concentration in the overlying water increased from 0.11 mg/L to 0.44 mg/L. When the water level maintained 15 cm, the phosphorous release rate reached the maximum value of 4,86 mg/（md） at 0.4 m/s. The concentration of total dissolved phosphorous （TDP） and soluble reactive phosphate （SRP） both in overlying water and sediment-water interface were negatively correlated with pH. Using the parabolic equation, the optimum water level at a velocity of 0.3 m/s was calculated to be 0.57 cm, and the optimum velocity at water level of 15 cm was found to be 0.2

关键词： hydrodynamic factors sediment-water interface total phosphorous total dissolved phosphorous soluble reactive phosphate Poyang Lake

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The climatic impacts of land use and land cover change compared among countries

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2016年第7期26卷 889-903页

作者：刘纪远邵全琴延晓冬樊江文战金艳邓祥征匡文慧黄麟 Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research CAS Beijing Normal University

land use and land cover change(LULCC) strongly influence regional and global climate by combining both biochemical and biophysical processes. However, the biophysical process was often ignored, which may offset the biogeochemical effects, so measures to address climate change could not reach the target. Thus, the biophysical influence of LULCC is critical for understanding observed climate changes in the past and potential scenarios in the future. Therefore, it is necessary to identify the mechanisms and effects of large-scale LULCC on climate change through changing the underlying surface, and thus the energy balance. The key scientific issues on understanding the impacts of human activities on global climate that must be addressed including:(1) what are the basic scientific facts of spatial and temporal variations of LULCC in China and comparative countries?(2) How to understand the coupling driving mechanisms of human activities and climate change on the LULCC and then to forecasting the future scenarios?(3) What are the scientific mechanisms of LULCC impacts on biophysical processes of land surface, and then the climate?(4) How to estimate the contributions of LULCC to climate change by affecting biophysical processes of land surface? By international comparison, the impacts of LULCC on climate change at the local, regional and global scales were revealed and evaluated. It can provide theoretical basis for the global change, and have great significance to mitigate and adapt to global climate changes.

关键词： land use and land cover change climate change biophysical effects model simulation

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Does palynological diversity reflect floristic diversity?A case study from Northeast China

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Science China Earth Sciences 2023年第9期66卷 2097-2108页

作者： Yifan CUI Feng QIN Yan ZHAO Qiaoyu CUI Rongwei GENG Quan LI Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Cluster of Excellence ROOTS Institute of Pre-and Protohistoric ArchaeologyKiel UniversityKiel 24118Germany

Fossil pollen data can provide important information of past vegetation diversity,on the basis of established relationship between modern palynological and floristic ***,current studies on modern pollen assemblages in China have not examined this relationship ***,we report a case study from Northeast China,aiming to investigate the representation of modern palynological diversity to regional floristic diversity.A total of 87 sets of modern pollen and vegetation data from various vegetation types were applied to assess modern palynological diversity and floristic diversity in Northeast China,and the relationship between palynological and floristic diversity was studied using spatial pattern comparison and correlation ***,to reduce representation bias related to pollen production and dispersal,we calibrated pollen data using the Regional Estimates of Vegetation Abundance from Large Sites(REVEALS)model with Pollen Productivity Estimates(PPEs)and Fall Speeds of Pollen(FSP).The results show that the spatial variations of palynological and floristic richness among vegetation types are similar,and have a good positive correlation(r=0.41,p<0.01).However,palynological evenness presents a different spatial pattern from floristic evenness,with a weaker positive correlation(r=0.21,p>0.05).The calibration on pollen data using REVEALS model minimized the differences in spatial patterns between palynological and floristic diversity,and improved the correlations between them(richness,r=0.50,p<0.01;evenness,r=0.33,p<0.01).Our study indicates that palynological richness in Northeast China could reflect regional floristic richness in general,and the calibration with REVEALS model is recommended for reconstructing past floristic diversity from pollen data.

关键词： Northeast China Modern palynological diversity Floristic diversity Richness and evenness Community dissimilarity index REVEALS model

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Contamination and health risk assessment of heavy metals in road dust in Bayan Obo Mining Region in Inner Mongolia, North China

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2015年第12期25卷 1439-1451页

作者： LI Kexin LIANG Tao WANG Lingqing YANG Zhiping Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research CAS Beijing 100101 China

The objective of this study was to investigate the concentration and spatial distribu- tion patterns of 9 potentially toxic heavy metal elements （As, Cd, Co, Cr, Pb, Cu, Z.n, Mn, and Ni） in road dust in the Bayan Obo Mining Region in Inner Mongolia, China. Contamination levels were evaluated using the geoaccumulation index and the enrichment factor. Human health risks for each heavy metal element were assessed using a human exposure model. Results showed that the dust contained significantly elevated heavy metal elements concen- trations compared with the background soil. The spatial distribution pattern of all tested met- als except for As coincided with the locations of industrial areas while the spatial distribution of As was associated with domestic sources. The contamination evaluation indicated that Cd, Pb, and Mn in road dust mainly originated from anthropogenic sources with a rating of ＂heav- ily polluted＂ to ＂extremely polluted,＂ whereas the remaining metals originated from both natural and anthropogenic sources with a level of ＂moderately polluted＂. The non-cancer health risk assessment showed that ingestion was the primary exposure route for all metals in the road dust and that Mn, Cr, Pb, and As were the main contributors to non-cancer risks in both children and adults. Higher HI values were calculated for children （H1=1.89）, indicating that children will likely experience higher health risks compared with adults （H1=0.23）. The cancer risk assessment showed that Cr was the main contributor, with cancer risks which were 2-3 orders of magnitude higher than those for other metals. Taken in concert, the non-cancer risks posed by all studied heavy metal elements and the cancer risks posed by As Co, Cr, Cd, and Ni to both children and adults in Bayan Obo Mining Region fell within the acceptable range.

关键词： road dust heavy metal elements contamination assessment health risk assessment Bayan Obo Mining Region

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