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Spatial patterns of Forest Ecosystem Services and Influencing Factors in the Ganjiang River Basin

Journal of Resources and Ecology 2016年第6期7卷 439-452页

作者： WANG Xiaoli DAI Erfu ZHU Jianjia Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China National Marine Data and Information Service Center Tianjin 300171 China Center for Agricultural Resources Research Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shijiazhuang 050022 China

As the major component of terrestrial ecosystems, forests play an irreplaceable role in providing eco- system services and products （e.g. biodiversity, carbon sequestration, water yield and timber）. Spatially quantifying ecosystem services and interactions will shed light on sustainable forest management. Main forest ecosystem ser- vices including carbon storage, water yield, soil retention and wood volume in the Ganjiang River Basin （GRB） were evaluated and mapped through the integrated use of INVEST3.1.0, CASA modeling and ArcGIS10.2, and relation- ships between forest ecosystem services and natural or social-economic factors were quantified and discussed based on ArcGIS10.2 and SPSS19.0. Results showed that the spatial pattern of the four ecosystem services is heterogeneous. Forests dominated by broad-leaved forest and bamboo forest in mountainous regions around the GRB provided the largest carbon storage and wood volume services, while forests dominated by Masson pine plantations or Chinese fir plantations in the northeast provided the largest water yield service. The spatial pattern of the soil retention service is more discrete than others, and forests in the southwestern regions showed larger soil erosion modulus than in the northeastern regions. Ecosystem services are closely related to the environmental process and human activities. With altitude or slope increases, the carbon storage and wood volume of forests in- creased and water yield depth and soil retention decreased. When the regional total population decreased or GDP per capita increased, carbon storage and wood volume increased. Further research into the interactions between environmental factors and ecosystem services is needed in order to understand environmental constraints when dealing with ecological problems.

关键词： ecosystem service INVEST model CASA model spatial pattern plantations Ganjiang River Basin

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Recent changes in wetlands on the Tibetan Plateau: A review

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2015年第7期25卷 879-896页

作者：赵志龙张镱锂刘林山刘峰贵张海峰 Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research CAS University of Chinese Academy of Sciences CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences College of Biological and Geographic Sciences Qinghai Normal University

About 80% of global wetland resources are degrading or disappearing; thus the wetland ecosystem has become one of the most seriously threatened ecosystems in the world. As an area sensitive to global changes and acting as a security barrier for the Asian ecosystem, the Tibetan Plateau has about 13.19× 10^2 of wetlands of special significance within China. With the increasing application of remote sensing technology to wetland research, Tibetan Plateau wetland research has entered a period of rapid development. This paper summarizes the remote sensing research literature of the Tibetan Plateau wetlands from 1992 to 2014, and is intended to provide references for future research into the wetlands of the Tibetan Plateau. We have reviewed monitoring methods, research topics, and existing problems. Our review has revealed the following characteristics：（1） Over the past 40 years, the research paradigm of the Tibetan Plateau wetlands has undergone dynamic changes in the monitoring of wetland areas, landscape patterns and the eco-environment based on re- mote sensing technology. Attention has also been focused on constructing models with an ecological system perspective and analyzing three patterns of change trends within the Tibetan Plateau wetlands. （2） The results of Tibetan Plateau wetland research based on remote sensing were as follows：（a） between 1970 and 2006, the Tibetan Plateau wetland area decreased overall at a rate of 0.23%/a, and the landscape diversity declined at a rate of 0.17%/a; （b） by contrast, between 1976 and 2009, the lake area of the inland river basins in the Tibetan Plateau increased at a rate of 0.83%/a; and （c） the change trend in the Tibetan Plateau wetlands was controlled by climate change. Current problems relating to remote sensing （RS）-based research in the Tibetan Plateau wetlands are computer interpretation accuracy and the processing precision of cloud removal, and the lack of a comprehensive overview of the Tibetan Plateau wetland syst

关键词： Tibetan Plateau wetland research in remote sensing

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Spatially precise reconstruction of cropland areas in Heilongjiang Province, northeast China during 1900-1910

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2015年第5期25卷 592-602页

作者： ZHANG Lijuan JIANG Lanqi ZHANG Xuezhen Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Monitoring of Geographic Environment Harbin Normal University Har- bin 150025 China Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Re- sources Research CAS Beijing 100101 China Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Climate Change Nanjing 210093 China

It is necessary to reconstruct past changes in land use and land cover to under- stand the historical effects of humans on climate and the local environment. We collected information from historical documents on the cropland area at the county level for Heilongji- ang Province, northeast China during 1900-1910. The original records from different histori- cal documents were calibrated with each other. We then defined an agricultural suitability index quantified by the distance from settlements, the slope and complexity of the topography, and the distance from rivers. Following the order of the agricultural suitability index from high to low values, the documented areas of cropland at the county level were then allocated into 1 km x 1 km cells. The area of cropland in 2009 was then retrieved from landsat ETM＋ images and compared with the areas of cropland during 1900-1910 to determine the human-induced changes in land use and land cover. In this period, the total area of cropland was about 25,397 km2 and this mainly occurred in the mid-southern part of Heilongjiang, in particular the six counties of Hailun, Bayan, Wuchang, Hulan, Shuangcheng and Wangkui. In 2009, the total area of cropland had increased to about 163,808 km2 and had spread over the south- western part to the central and northeastern parts of Heilongjiang. The area of cropland had therefore increased by about 138,411 km2 during the 20th century. The proportion of land used as cropland increased from about 5.6% during 1900-1910 to about 36.2% in 2009, indicating that about 30.6% of the natural land surface in Heilongjiang was replaced by cropland. A total of about 44% （60,962 km2） of the cropland was converted from forest, mainly on the western edge and in the northeastern part of the present-day agricultural area. These areas of cropland reconstructed from historical records for the period 1900-1910 could be used as a basic data set to study the effects of agricultural development on climate and the lo

关键词： agricultural suitability index Heilongjiang Province, northeast China land cover changes 1900-1910

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Disturbance impacts of land use change on biodiversity conservation priority areas across China： 1990-2010

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2015年第5期25卷 515-529页

作者： ZHAO Guosong LIU Jiyuan KUANG Wenhui OUYANG Zhiyun XIE Zhenglei Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Re sources Research CAS Beijing 100101 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences CAS Beijing 100085 China Key Laboratory of Education Ministry for Poyang Lake Wetland and Watershed Research School of Ge-ography and Environment Jiangxi Normal University Nanchang 330022 China

land use change is one of the main drivers of biodiversity loss. In the last 20 years, China＇s land use pattern has undergone profound changes. This study constructs an Eco- system Comprehensive Anthropogenic Disturbance Index （ECADI） to assess disturbance impacts of land use change between 1990 and 2010 on biodiversity conservation priority areas at national and regional scales. Four levels of biodiversity conservation areas were categorized： generally important areas, moderately important areas, important areas, and very important areas. The results indicated a higher ECADI value in 2010 in Central and Eastern China than in Western China, and the values of the moderately important, important and very important regions were lower than the average value of the whole country at all levels. Notably, in recent 20 years, the change extent of ECADI values in Central and Eastern China were much greater compared with that in Western China, and ECADI values in the moderately important, important and very important biodiversity conservation areas all showed increasing trends, with the increasing extent lower than that of whole China at all levels. Due to human activities such as urbanization in Eastern China and cropland reclama- tion in Northeast China and Xinjiang, ECADI values showed a medium increase trend （the change rate was about 1%-5% in 10 years）, which indicated the need for more conservation efforts in those regions. However, ECADI values in the Loess Plateau presented a low decline trend （the change rate was about-1% to -0.1% in 10 years） after 2000 because of the ob- vious effectiveness of Green for Grain Project. Furthermore, the variation was negligible in the Tibetan Plateau.

关键词： land use/land cover change farmland reclamation urbanization biodiversity disturbance

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Modeling the rice phenology and production in China with SIMRIW： sensitivity analysis and parameter estimation

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Frontiers of Earth Science 2014年第4期8卷 505-511页

作者： Shuai ZHANG Fulu TAO Runhe SHI Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science East China Normal University Shanghai 200062 China

Crop models are robust tools for simulating the impact of climate change on rice development and production, but are usually designed for specific stations and varieties. This study focuses on a more adaptable model called simulation Model for Rice-Weather Relations （SIMRIW）. The model was calibrated and validated in major rice production regions over China, and the parameters that most affect the model＇s output were determined in sensitivity analyses. These sensitive parameters were estimated in different ecological zones. The simulated results of single and double rice cropping systems in different ecological zones were then compared. The accuracy of SIMRIW was found to depend on a few crucial parameters. Using optimized parameters, SIMRIW properly simulated the rice phenology and yield in single and double cropping systems in different ecological zones. Some of the parameters were largely dependent on ecological zone and rice type, and may reflect the different climate conditions and rice varieties among ecological zones.

关键词： rice phenology parameter optimization,SIMRIW simulation

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Progress and prospect of research on forest landscape model

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2015年第1期25卷 113-128页

作者： DAI Erfu WU Zhuo WANG Xiaofan FU Hua XI Weimin PAN Tao Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research CAS Beijing 100101 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China College of Resource Environment and Tourism Capital Normal University Beijing 100048 China Department of Biological and Health Sciences Texas A&M University Kingsville Texas 78363 USA

The Forest landscape Model （FLM） is an efficiency tool of quantified expression of forest ecosystem＇s structure and function. This paper, on the basis of identifying FLM, according to the stage of development, summarizes the development characteristics of the model, which includes the theoretical foundation of mathematical model, FLM of stand-scale, primary development of spatial landscape model, rapid development of ecosystem process model as the priority, and developing period of structure and process driven by multi-factor. According to the characteristics of different FLMs, this paper classifies the existing FLM in terms of mechanism, property and application, and elaborates the identifications, advantages and disadvantages of different types of models. It summarizes and evaluates the main ap- plication fields of existing models from two aspects which are the changes of spatial pattern and ecological process. Eventually, this paper presents FLM＇s challenges and directions of development in the future, including：（1） more prominent service on the practical strategy of forest management＇s objectives; （2） construction of multi-modules and multi-plugin to satisfy landscape research demand in various conditions; （3） adoption of high resolution＇s spatial-temporal data; （4） structural construction of multi-version module; （5） improving the spatial suitability of model application.

关键词： Forest landscape Model （FLM） development stage model classification model application model development

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Which climatic factors limit radial growth of Qilian juniper at the upper treeline on the northeastern Tibetan Plateau？

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2015年第10期25卷 1173-1182页

作者： ZHANG Hui SHAO Xuemei ZHANG Yong Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research CAS Beijing 100101 China College of Resources and Environment Linyi University Linyi 276005 Shandong China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China Center for Excellence and Innovation in Tibetan Plateau Earth System Sciences CAS Beijing 100101 China

There are differing views regarding the climatic factors that limit radial growth of Qilian juniper （Juniperus przewalskii Kom.） at the upper treelines on the northeastern Tibetan Plateau. In this study, trees from an upper tree northeastern Tibetan Plateau were selected to limits the radial growth of Qilian juniper. Using ine site in the Anyemaqen Mountains of the present new evidence that low temperature a signal-free regional curve standardization （SF-RCS） method, a ring-width chronology for Qilian juniper was developed extending from AD 1082 to 2010. The results of correlation analysis between tree-ring index and instrumental climatic variables showed that both winter （December in the previous year and January in the current year） and summer （July and August in the current year） temperatures were signifi- cantly and positively correlated with the tree-ring index. Precipitation in June was also significantly and positively correlated with the tree-ring index, but was not as important as low temperature in controlling tree growth. To test the key limiting climatic factor for tree radial growth at different altitudes, an indicator termed the ＂relative distance to upper treeline＂（RDUT） was developed to quantify the representativeness of collected samples for the forest＇s upper treeline. The RDUT showed that the upper 20% of the forest belt may be an important boundary in terms of capturing the temperature signal from tree-ring width at the upper treelines on the northeastern Tibetan Plateau. Our findings enhance the existing understanding that temperature is the limiting factor at upper treelines on the northeastern Tibetan Plateau, and will be useful in the reconstruction of past temperature in future studies.

关键词： Qilian juniper climatic limiting factor upper treeline Tibetan Plateau tree-ring width

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Start of vegetation growing season on the Tibetan Plateau inferred from multiple methods based on GIMMS and SPOT NDVI data

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2015年第2期25卷 131-148页

作者： DING Mingjun LI Lanhui ZHANG Yili SUN Xiaomin LIU Linshan GAO Jungang WANG Zhaofeng LI Yingnian Key Lab of Poyang Lake Wetland and Watershed Research of Ministry of Education and School of Geography and Environment Jiangxi Normal University Nanchang 330022 China Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research (IGSNRR) CAS Beijing 100101 China CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences Beijing 10101 China Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling IGSNRR CAS Beijing 100101 China Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology CAS Xining 810008 China

In this study, we have used four methods to investigate the start of the growing season （SGS） on the Tibetan Plateau （TP） from 1982 to 2012, using Normalized Difference Vegetation Index （NDVI） data obtained from Global Inventory Modeling and Mapping Studies （GIMSS, 1982-2006） and SPOT VEGETATION （SPOT-VGT, 1999-2012）. SGS values esti- mated using the four methods show similar spatial patterns along latitudinal or altitudinal gradients, but with significant variations in the SGS dates. The largest discrepancies are mainly found in the regions with the highest or the lowest vegetation coverage. Between 1982 and 1998, the SGS values derived from the four methods all display an advancing trend, however, according to the more recent SPOT VGT data （1999-2012）, there is no continu- ously advancing trend of SGS on the TP. Analysis of the correlation between the SGS values derived from GIMMS and SPOT between 1999 and 2006 demonstrates consistency in the tendency with regard both to the data sources and to the four analysis methods used. Com- pared with other methods, the greatest consistency between the in situ data and the SGS values retrieved is obtained with Method 3 （Threshold of NDVI ratio）. To avoid error, in a vast region with diverse vegetation types and physical environments, it is critical to know the seasonal change characteristics of the different vegetation types, particularly in areas with sparse grassland or evergreen forest.

关键词： phenology NDVI start of vegetation growing season method Tibetan Plateau

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Variations of the temperature and solar activity in China

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Research in Cold and Arid Regions 2014年第6期6卷 531-539页

作者： MingQi Li QuanSheng Ge ZhiXin Hao JingYun Zheng Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences

In this paper we analyze daily mean, minimum, and maximum temperature data collected at 119 meteorological stations over five regions of China during the period 1951-2010. The series of minimum, maximum, and mean temperatures from each climatic region have similar signatures, but there are differences among the five regions and the countrywide average. The results indicate that the periods of faster warming were not synchronous across the regions studied： warming in northeast China and Tibet began in 1986, while in central-east, southeast, and northwest China the warming emerged in 1995. Furthermore, central-east and northwest China, and Tibet, have warmed continuously since 2000, but the temperature has decreased during this period in southeast China. We evaluated the evolution of these temperature series using a novel nonlinear filtering technique based on the concept of the lifetime of temperature curves. The decadal to secular evolution of solar activity and temperature variation had similar signatures in the northeast, southeast, and northwest re- gions and the average across the whole country, indicating that solar activity is a significant control on climate change over secular time scales in these regions. In comparison with these regions, the signatures were different in central-east China and Tibet because of regional differences （e.g., landforms and elevation） and indirect effects （e.g., cloud cover influencing the radiation balance, thereby inducing climate change）. Furthermore, the results of wavelet analysis indicated that the El Nino Southem Oscillation （ENSO） has had a significant impact on climate change, but at different times among the regions, and these changes were most probably induced by differing responses of the atmospheric system to solar forcing.

关键词： temperature variation solar activity lifetime wavelet analysis China

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Climate extremes revealed by Chinese historical documents over the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in winter 1620

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Advances in Climate Change Research 2014年第3期5卷 118-122页

作者： YAN Jun-Hui LIU Hao-Long HAO Zhi-Xin ZHANG Xue-Zhen ZHENG Jing-Yun Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of Sciences College of Urban and Environmental Sciences Xinyang Normal University

The snow-cover days over the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River(MLRYR) were extracted from Chinese historical documents for the winter of 1620, which includes the beginning of the tenth month of 1620 through the middle ten days of the second month of 1621 in Chinese lunar calendar. By using these records, the winter temperature anomalies compared with the 1961e1990 mean at nine stations were estimated. The results show an average of 50 snow-cover days over the MLRYR ranging from 30 d in Shanghai to 100 d in Jingzhou. The average snow-cover duration was approximately 70 d in Hefei, Huoshan, Nanjing, and Chaohu, and 40e60 d in Anqing, Wuhan, Changde,Changsha, and Jingdezhen. However, Shanghai and southern Jiangsu province had the lowest number of snow-cover days at 30 d. The regional mean winter temperature in 1620 was estimated to be 4.4C lower than the 1961e1990 mean. The maximum negative anomaly of 5.7C occurred in Jingdezhen, and the minimum anomaly of 3.6C was detected in Changsha. Both anomalies were significantly lower than those of the coldest winter during the instrumental observation period.

关键词： Climate extremes Snow-cover days Chinese historical documents Middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River Winter of 1620

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