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The controlled Two-Step Release Behavior of Gallic Acid from Starch Inclusion Complexes of Short-Chain Alkyl Gallates and Their Slow Starch Digestion Characteristic

SSRN

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Chen, Xuan Wang, Xinmiao Wang, Qian Cai, Dong Yu, Jinghan Zhu, Beiwei Zhou, Dayong Xu, Baocai Liu, Xiaoyang Yin, Fawen School of Food and Biological Engineering Hefei University of Technology Hefei230601 China SKL of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control National Engineering Research Center of Seafood Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing Liaoning Province Key Laboratory for Marine Food Science and Technology School of Food Science and Technology Dalian Polytechnic University Dalian116034 China Engineering Research Center of Bio-Process of Ministry of Education School of Food & Biological Engineering Hefei University of Technology Hefei230601 China

Using a heat treatment technique, short-chain (C1-C4) alkyl gallates (a typical representative of phenololipids) and starch were combined to create inclusion complexes. Based on HPLC-UV detection results performed on an everted rat gut sac model, it was discovered that the alkyl gallates that were liberated from inclusion complexes were hydrolyzed to produce gallic acid (step 1). Gallic acid and alkyl gallates were able to pass through intestinal membranes. After transmembrane transfer, alkyl gallates could also be hydrolyzed to produce gallic acid (step 2). It was evident that such inclusion complex demonstrated superior two-step release characteristics for phenolic compounds. Meanwhile, starch inclusion complexes can also slow down starch digestion by raising resistant starch and lowering rapidly digestible starch. Crucially, by modifying the acyl chain length, it is possible to easily alter the two-step release behavior of phenolic compounds, as well as the retardation behavior of starch digestion from starch inclusion complexes. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Hydrolysis

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Dynamic Event-Triggered Model Predictive control for Multiple Platoons under Non-Ideal communications

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IEEE Internet of Things Journal 2025年

作者： Han, Qiaoni Xu, Chengfei Wang, Xiaocheng Yang, Hongjiu Zuo, Zhiqiang Yang, Bo Guan, Xinping Tianjin University Tianjin Key Laboratory of Intelligent Unmanned Swarm Technology and System School of Electrical and Information Engineering Tianjin300072 China Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of System Control and Information Processing Shanghai200240 China Tianjin University School of Electrical and Information Engineering Tianjin300072 China Tianjin Normal University Tianjin Key Laboratory of Wireless Mobile Communications and Power Transmission College of Electronic and Communication Engineering Tianjin300387 China Shanghai Jiao Tong University Department of Automation Shanghai200240 China Ministry of Education of China Key Laboratory of System Control and Information Processing Shanghai200240 China

The uncertainty of wireless communication seriously affects the control performance of the platoon. In this paper, a model predictive control (MPC) method based on dynamic event-triggering is proposed to address the impact of non-ideal communications on multi-vehicle systems. Firstly, a hierarchical platoon architecture combining backbone layer and sub-platoon layers is proposed to achieve efficient coordination among multiple platoons, and a communication-aware control mechanism is designed for each vehicle to effectively mitigate the adverse effects of non-ideal communication scenarios. Secondly, a dynamic event-triggering mechanism is established for each vehicle, which is related to time-varying delay and random packet loss parameters, so as to effectively reduce the frequency of MPC solutions and data transmission. Additionally, based on different communication topologies, distributed model predictive controllers are suggested for backbone layer and sub-platoon layer to achieve precise and comfortable tracking. Then, sufficient conditions are provided to ensure the recursive feasibility of the MPC algorithm and the stability of the platoon system. Finally, extensive simulations are conducted, and the results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm in terms of control performance and low computational complexity under non-ideal communication conditions. © 2014 IEEE.

关键词： Predictive control systems

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RainGaugeNet: CSI-Based Sub-6 GHz Rainfall Attenuation Measurement and Classification for ISAC Applications

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Li, Yan Yang, Jie Huang, Yixuan Yang, Tao Wen, Chao-Kai Jin, Shi The National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory Southeast University Nanjing210096 China Frontiers Science Center for Mobile Information Communication and Security Key Laboratory of Measurement and Control of Complex Systems of Engineering Ministry of Education Southeast University Nanjing210096 China The National Engineering Research Center of Water Resources Efficient Utilization and Engineering Safety Institute of Water Science and Technology Hohai University Nanjing210098 China The Institute of Communications Engineering National Sun Yat-sen University Kaohsiung80424 Taiwan The National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory Southeast University Frontiers Science Center for Mobile Information Communication and Security Nanjing210096 China

Rainfall impacts daily activities and can lead to severe hazards such as flooding. Traditional rainfall measurement systems often lack granularity or require extensive infrastructure. While the attenuation of electromagnetic waves due to rainfall is well-documented for frequencies above 10 GHz, sub-6 GHz bands are typically assumed to experience negligible effects. However, recent studies suggest measurable attenuation even at these lower frequencies. This study presents the first channel state information (CSI)-based measurement and analysis of rainfall attenuation at 2.8 GHz. The results confirm the presence of rain-induced attenuation at this frequency, although classification remains challenging. The attenuation follows a power-law decay model, with the rate of attenuation decreasing as rainfall intensity increases. Additionally, rainfall onset significantly increases the delay spread. Building on these insights, we propose RainGaugeNet, the first CSI-based rainfall classification model that leverages multipath and temporal features. Using only 20 seconds of CSI data, RainGaugeNet achieved over 90% classification accuracy in line-of-sight scenarios and over 85% in non-line-of-sight scenarios, significantly outperforming state-of-the-art methods. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Channel state information

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Task Offloading and Primary Node Selection in Blockchain, Digital Twin, and MEC Enabled Internet of Vehicles

Task Offloading and Primary Node Selection in Blockchain, Di...

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IEEE Conference on Vehicular technology (VTC)

作者： Jianbo Du Huifang Fang Shulei Li Pengfei Du Ziwen Kong Jiawen Kang Dusit Niyato Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Information Communication Network and Security School of Communications and Information Engineering Xi’an University of Posts and Telecommunications Xi’an China School of Communications Engineering Xidian University Xi’an China Tianyuan Ruixin Communication Technology Co. LTD. Xi’an China Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Airground Integrated Vehicle and Traffic Control Ministry of Education Xihua University Chengdu China School of Automation Guangdong University of Technology China School of Computer Science and Engineering Nanyang Technological University Singapore

ISBN: (数字)9798331517786

ISBN: (纸本)9798331517793

In this paper, we investigate the safe task offloading and primary node selection in blockchain, digital twin (DT) and Multi-access Edge Computing (MEC) enabled Internet of Vehicles (IoV). Edge servers centers provide computing power for task processing for Mobile Vehicles (MVs), while blockchain can provide security guarantees for MVs during task offloading. Based on the above system, we propose a joint optimization scheme for vehicle task offloading decision and the Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance (PBFT) consensus process. Due to the large number of optimization variables and constraints, the problem becomes more complex. Traditional convex optimization and dynamic programming methods are difficult to effectively solve this problem. To address this issue, we propose a deep reinforcement learning based algorithm that utilizes Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO). The experimental results show that the algorithm proposed in this paper outperforms the benchmark algorithm in terms of convergence and other aspects.

关键词： Fault tolerance Vehicular and wireless technologies Heuristic algorithms Simulation Fault tolerant systems Blockchains Digital twins Servers Optimization Internet of Vehicles

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Mercury transformation processes in nature: Critical knowledge gaps and perspectives for moving forward

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2022年第9期34卷 152-165页

作者： Zhiyuan Gao Wang Zheng Yanbin Li Yurong Liu Mengjie Wu Shouying Li Ping Li Guangliang Liu Xuewu Fu Shuxiao Wang Feiyue Wang Yong Cai Xinbin Feng Baohua Gu Huan Zhong Yongguang Yin Centre for Earth Observation Science and Department of Environment and GeographyUniversity of ManitobaWinnipegMB R3T 2N2Canada Institute of Surface-Earth System Science Tianjin UniversityTianjin 300192China Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology Ministry of Education and College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringOcean University of ChinaQingdao 266100China State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan 430070China School of the Environment Nanjing UniversityState Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource ReuseNanjing 210023China State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry Institute of GeochemistryChinese Academy of SciencesGuiyang 550081China Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Florida International UniversityMiamiFL 33199USA School of Environment and State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Environmental Sciences Division Oak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTennessee 37831USA Environmental and Life Sciences Program(EnLS) Trent UniversityPeterboroughOntario K9L 0G2Canada Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China

The transformation of mercury(Hg) in the environment plays a vital role in the cycling of Hg and its risk to the ecosystem and human health. Of particular importance are Hg oxidation/reduction and methylation/demethylation processes driven or mediated by the dynamics of light, microorganisms, and organic carbon, among others. Advances in understanding those Hg transformation processes determine our capacity of projecting and mitigating Hg risk. Here, we provide a critical analysis of major knowledge gaps in our understanding of Hg transformation in nature, with perspectives on approaches moving forward. Our analysis focuses on Hg transformation processes in the environment, as well as emerging methodology in exploring these processes. Future avenues for improving the understanding of Hg transformation processes to protect ecosystem and human health are also explored.

关键词： Mercury oxidation reduction methylation demethylation isotope fractionation

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Effect of microplastics on soil greenhouse gas emissions: A global meta-analysis study

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Science of the Total Environment 2025年 958卷 178100页

作者： Chen, Feitong Zhu, Yuxuan Chen, Kun Zheng, Hao Xi, Min Jiang, Zhixiang College of Environmental Science and Engineering Qingdao University Qingdao266071 China Carbon Neutrality and Eco-Environmental Technology Innovation Center of Qingdao Qingdao266071 China Institute of Coastal Environmental Pollution Control Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology College of Environmental Science and Engineering Ocean University of China Qingdao266100 China Sanya Ocean Institute Ocean University of China Sanya572000 China

Microplastics (MPs) emerged as a critical global pollutant, yet their effects on soil greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions remain uncertain. This meta-analysis evaluates the effects of MPs exposure on GHG emissions and identifies key influencing factors. Regardless of any influencing factors, MPs exposure decreased N2O emissions by 28.5 %, while increased CO2 and CH4 emissions by 0.07 % and 28.6 %, respectively. However, these changes were statistically insignificant. The factors such as MPs concentration, shape, and type, initial soil type and pH, and the presence of additional additive were identified to significantly influence N2O emission response. The most substantial increase in N2O emissions occurred when MPs exposed to silt soils (+55.8 %), whereas the greatest inhibition was observed in soils with fertilizer addition (−48.8 %). CO2 emission response was significantly influenced by MPs size and shape, initial soil pH and type, experimental duration, and co-additives, with the MPs exposure in sand soils exhibiting the highest increase (+20.7 %) and the exposure of fiber MPs causing the largest reduction (−40.4 %). Additionally, MPs shape and initial soil pH and type were found to significantly affect CH4 emission response. The model selection analysis revealed that the response ratio [ln (RR)] of nirS gene to MPs exposure and MPs concentration were the most critical factors influencing N2O emissions, whereas the size, concentration, and type of MPs, ln (RR) of Chitinase, initial soil pH, additional additive, and experimental duration were the most important influencing factors for CO2 emissions. Overall, this study highlights the high uncertainty associated with the response of GHG emission to MPs exposure due to the complex interplay of abiotic and biotic processes mediated by MPs under varying conditions. In the future, extensive studies across diverse conditions of MPs (e.g., type, shape, and concentration) and soil (e.g., texture and pH) are still urgently need

关键词： Greenhouse gas emissions

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Quick Routing Response to Link Failure in Low-Earth Orbit Satellite Networks

Quick Routing Response to Link Failure in Low-Earth Orbit Sa...

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International Conference on Computer and communications (ICCC)

作者： Zhiping Lu Ruxin Zhi Weiguo Ma School of Information and Communication Engineering Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications State Key Laboratory of Wireless Mobile Communications China Academy of Telecommunications Technology (CATT) Beijing China Key Laboratory of Information and Communication Systems Ministry of Information Industry Beijing Information Science and Technology University Key Laboratory of Modern Measurement and Control Technology Ministry of Education Beijing Information Science and Technology University Beijing China

Low earth orbit satellite communication systems are attractive for provisioning global, high-speed and low latency Internet access services. In order to achieve global continuous multiple coverage, the number of satellites is tremendous. But Low earth orbit satellite networks are prone to instability due to unpredictable link failures and frequent topology changes. Therefore, in this paper, a novel routing schemes with quick response to link failures is first proposed. Based on Dijkstra algorithm, a scalable routing algorithm is proposed to minimize the end-to-end transmission delay. It takes advantage of the predictable constellation trajectory, and changes dynamically according to the changes of network topology. It provides the shortest routing path and an alternative path simultaneously. When a link failure is detected by one satellite, notification packets will be sent to its neighbors for adjustment to the alternative routing path. Notification packets also will be sent to the head node for the recalculation of routing table. Finally, extensive simulations have been conducted, and the results show that the proposed scheme is able to produce desired performance.

关键词： Satellites Network topology Heuristic algorithms Dynamics Low earth orbit satellites Packet loss Routing

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Performance Analysis of OMA/NOMA-aided Satellite Communication Networks: A Stochastic Geometry Approach

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IEEE Transactions on communications 2024年

作者： Li, Kecheng Wang, Jun Hou, Tianwei Li, Anna Yue, Xinwei Liu, Yuanwei Chen, Wei School of Electronic and Information Engineering Beijing Jiaotong University Beijing100044 China School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science Queen Mary University of London LondonE1 4NS United Kingdom KU Leuven Leuven3001 Belgium School of Computing and Communications Lancaster University LancasterLA1 4WA United Kingdom Key Laboratory of Information and Communication Systems Ministry of Information Industry China Key Laboratory of Modern Measurement & Control Technology Ministry of Education Beijing Information Science and Technology University Beijing100101 China Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong

The increasing quality of service requirements and demand for satellite services necessitate higher data rates, spectral efficiency, and stability in satellite communication networks. Therefore, this paper investigates the non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) assisted satellite communication networks, where multiple users are uniformly distributed over a spherical hat according to the homogeneous Poisson point process (HPPP). Based on the characteristics of HPPP, we analyze the distance distributions of users. To evaluate the performance of the proposed networks, we first derive the closed-form expressions and approximated expressions of the outage probability (OP) for paired NOMA users. To obtain more insights into the proposed networks, the ergodic rate and diversity orders for paired NOMA users are also derived. Spectral efficiency is derived for NOMA and orthogonal multiple access (OMA) assisted satellite communication networks. Our analytical results demonstrate that the diversity order of the proposed networks is all one. Numerical results confirm that: 1) compared to OMA, the proposed NOMA-assisted satellite network demonstrates superior outage performance and spectral efficiency, especially in the higher power regimes;2) fading factors have negligible effects on OP and spectral efficiency;and 3) under certain target rates for both near and far users, the outage performance of far users in NOMA-assisted satellite communication networks is superior to that of near users. © 2024 Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.. All rights reserved.

关键词： Satellite communication systems

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3D Scene Flow Estimation on Pseudo-LiDAR: Bridging the Gap on Estimating Point Motion

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Jiang, Chaokang Wang, Guangming Miao, Yanzi Wang, Hesheng Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Control for Underground Space Ministry of Education School of Information and Control Engineering Advanced Robotics Research Center China University of Mining and Technology Xuzhou221116 China Department of Automation Key Laboratory of System Control and Information Processing Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Marine Intelligent Equipment and System of Ministry of Education Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Control and Management Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai200240 China

3D scene flow characterizes how the points at the current time flow to the next time in the 3D Euclidean space, which possesses the capacity to infer autonomously the non-rigid motion of all objects in the scene. The previous methods for estimating scene flow from images have limitations, which split the holistic nature of 3D scene flow by estimating optical flow and disparity separately. Learning 3D scene flow from point clouds also faces the difficulties of the gap between synthesized and real data and the sparsity of LiDAR point clouds. In this paper, the generated dense depth map is utilized to obtain explicit 3D coordinates, which achieves direct learning of 3D scene flow from 2D images. The stability of the predicted scene flow is improved by introducing the dense nature of 2D pixels into the 3D space. Outliers in the generated 3D point cloud are removed by statistical methods to weaken the impact of noisy points on the 3D scene flow estimation task. Disparity consistency loss is proposed to achieve more effective unsupervised learning of 3D scene flow. The proposed method of self-supervised learning of 3D scene flow on real-world images is compared with a variety of methods for learning on the synthesized dataset and learning on LiDAR point clouds. The comparisons of multiple scene flow metrics are shown to demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of introducing pseudo-LiDAR point cloud to scene flow estimation. © 2022, CC BY.

关键词： Three dimensional computer graphics

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Soft-Landing Dynamics of a Type of Four-Legged Space Lander

SSRN

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Shi, Tengfei Shi, Tengfei Yang, Yinping Zhang, Zhijuan Liu, Cuicui Liu, Caishan Ma, Daolin Applied Mechanics and Structure Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province School of Mechanics and Aerospace Engineering Southwest Jiaotong University Chengdu610031 China State Key Laboratory for Turbulence and Complex Systems College of Engineering Peking University Beijing100871 China Institute of Dynamics and Control College of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Electronics Technology Beijing University of Technology Beijing100871 China China Academy of Space Technology Beijing100094 China School of Naval Architecture Ocean and Civil Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai200240 China Key Laboratory of Marine Intelligent Equipment and System Ministry of Education Shanghai200240 China

Analyzing the landing dynamics response is essential for enhancing the success rate of surface explorations on Mars, the moon, or asteroids. This paper develops a comprehensive dynamics model for a space lander equipped with four sets of buffer legs, each consisting of a primary strut, two secondary struts, and a footpad, during its soft landing process. The degrees of freedom of the main body and the footpads are defined as generalized coordinates to describe the motion of the space lander. The compression force of the buffer struts is obtained by interpolating real experimental data, and the contact force between the footpad and the ground is calculated using Archimedes law for granular media. Then, the dynamical model for the lander in terms of minimal degrees of freedom can be constructed by applying the Lagrange equations of the second kind. The proposed dynamics model is validated by the experiments of a single-legged lander vertical touchdown and a four-legged lander free touchdown. Moreover, histories of buffer force, acceleration of the main body, and other key physical quantities are computed to investigate the landing process. This highly efficient and accurate dynamics model provides a method to perform extensive simulations to design and optimize a soft landing process. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Landing

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