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A Degeneracy-Aware LiDAR-Inertial-Visual SLAM for Degenerate Environments

IEEE Sensors Journal 2025年第11期25卷 19376-19385页

作者： Zhu, Hongwei Zhang, Guobao Huang, Yongming Southeast University School of Automation Key Laboratory of Measurement and Control of Complex Systems of Engineering Ministry of Education Nanjing210096 China

Different sensors may experience degeneracy in specific scenarios, which can lead to failures in multi-sensor fusion optimization. To address the challenges of localization and mapping under such degeneracy conditions, this paper proposes a LiDAR-Inertial-Visual SLAM system with integrated degeneracy awareness. In the frontend, the system utilizes the ESIKF for tracking and incorporates a sensor degeneracy detection method to ensure that degraded sensor data do not affect the state error update. In the backend, we replace the conventional point cloud map with an adaptive voxel map to accelerate the retrieval of planar point cloud, and merge LiDAR planar features within a sliding window via region growing algorithm. Furthermore, the point-to-plane distance formula is optimized via the Rayleigh quotient theorem, which reduces the dimensionality of the optimization variables and simplifies the optimization process. Finally, we evaluate the proposed system on several challenging datasets and compare it with various state-of-the-art sensor fusion systems. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed system achieves high localization accuracy in the majority of challenging scenarios. © 2001-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Inertial navigation systems

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Sensorless control of PMSM Drives Using Octant Newton-Raphson Method and Reduced-Order EKF Considering Speed Reversal and Noise

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IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics 2025年第8期40卷 10793-10803页

作者： Xiang, Fuyuan Yu, Ke Chen, Congyan Li, Shihua Southeast University School of Automation and the Key Laboratory of Measurement and Control of Complex Systems of Engineering Ministry of Education Nanjing210096 China

For back electromotive force-based sensorless control in permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drives, the conventional phase-locked loop (PLL) exhibits a ±π position estimation error during speed reversal. This paper presents an octant Newton-Raphson method (ONRM) based PLL, which employs a newly defined objective function and a position octant method. It not only ensures the position estimation converges correctly during speed reversal but also improves dynamic performance compared to the conventional PLL. The applicability condition of the ONRM in the presence of noise is also analyzed in detail. Subsequently, due to the noise sensitivity of the ONRM, a reduced-order extended Kalman filter is designed to filter out the non-Gaussian noise in the position estimation while simultaneously estimating the speed. The effectiveness of the proposed sensorless control scheme is verified on a 1.5 kW PMSM drive platform. © 1986-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Extended Kalman filters

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BeltLineNet: A Shape-Prior-Guided Lightweight Network for Real-Time Deviation Detection in Circular Pipe Conveyors

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IEEE Sensors Journal 2025年第11期25卷 20024-20036页

作者： Zhao, Long Su, Jinhui Zhong, Yusheng Xie, Weiwei Su, Jinya Chen, Xisong Chen, Congyan Li, Shihua Southeast University Key Laboratory of Measurement and Control of Complex Systems of Engineering Ministry of Education School of Automation Nanjing210096 China Fujian Longking Intelligent Conveying Engineering Co. Ltd Longyan China

Belt deviation in circular pipe conveyor systems could lead to material spillage, environmental contamination, reduced efficiency, and accelerated belt wear. Real-time belt deviation detection is crucial for ensuring safe and efficient operation. However, existing methods, primarily developed for flat-belt systems, heavily rely on distinct belt-background semantics, making them unsuitable for circular conveyors where indistinct target features, motion blur, and occlusions pose significant challenges. To address these issues, we reformulate the deviation detection task as an object detection problem, proposing BeltLineNet, a lightweight, real-time deviation detection network specifically designed for circular pipe conveyors. Our method integrates explicit feature learning with a coarse-to-fine global feature fusion mechanism, enhancing belt line representation under complex conditions. Additionally, a shape-prior loss strategy is introduced to improve supervision during training, ensuring more accurate detection of elongated targets. The model is also optimized for real-time deployment through layer-adaptive pruning, achieving a balance between accuracy and computational efficiency. Extensive comparative experiments involving 8 state-of-the-art (SOTA) feature extraction networks and 6 feature enhancement strategies on a self-collected dataset under industrial conditions demonstrate that BeltLineNet surpasses SOTA feature extraction and fusion networks, improving average precision (AP) by 8.23% before pruning and 6.33% after pruning. © 2001-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Belt conveyors

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Thickness measurement of Single-Mode Fiber Coating Layer Based on Forward Brillouin Scattering

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IEEE Sensors Journal 2025年第11期25卷 19332-19340页

作者： Zhang, Yongqi Wang, Tao Liu, Yijia Liu, Li Zhang, Mingjiang Taiyuan University of Technology Key Laboratory of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control System Ministry of Education College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering Taiyuan030024 China Taiyuan University of Technology Shanxi Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Physics College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering Taiyuan030024 China

The coating layer is essential for protecting and applying optical fibers. Nowadays, the thickness measurement of the coating layer relies on point measurement schemes such as the side-looking light distribution method and mechanical method. However, there are some problems with the above methods, such as the trade-off between resolution and field of view, the cutting of the measurement position and the long measurement time. To overcome these problems, we propose a new method based on forward Brillouin scattering, which measures the coating layer thickness of single-mode fibers. The physical properties of the transverse acoustic field involved in forward Brillouin scattering make it possible to measure the thickness of the fiber coating. The corresponding relationship between the transverse acoustic mode frequency and the diameter of the coating layer can be calculated. The coating layer thickness can be measured with high precision by measuring the frequency spectrum of forward Brillouin scattering corresponding to multiple transverse acoustic modes at a given temperature. In the verification experiment, three types of single-mode fibers coated with polyimide are used as the sensing fiber to measure the thickness of the coating layer at multiple temperatures. The experimental results show that the error in the coating layer thickness obtained is less than 0.05 μm. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of non-destructive, high-precision monitoring of fiber coating thickness. © 2001-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Acoustic field measurement

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Turbulent drag reduction by sector-shaped counter-flow dielectric barrier discharge plasma actuator

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Chinese Physics B 2025年第2期34卷 362-370页

作者： Borui Zheng Shaojie Qi Minghao Yu Jianbo Zhang Linwu Wang Dongliang Bian School of Automation and Information Engineering Xi’an University of TechnologyXi’an 710048China School of Mechanical and Precision Instrument Engineering Xi’an University of TechnologyXi’an 710048China Science and Technology on Plasma Dynamics Laboratory Air Force Engineering UniversityXi’an 710038China Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Complex System Control and Intelligent Information Processing Xi’an 710048China Shaanxi University Key Laboratory of Photonic Power Devices and Discharge Regulation Xi’an 710048China

The primary objective in aircraft transportation is to minimize turbulent drag, thereby conserving energy and reducing emissions. We propose a sector-shaped counter-flow dielectric barrier discharge plasma actuator, which leverages jet synthesis for drag reduction. A drag control experiment was conducted in a low-speed wind tunnel with a controlled flow velocity of 9.6 m/s(Re = 1.445 × 10^(4)). This study investigated the effects of varying pulse frequencies and actuation voltages on the turbulent boundary layer. Using a hot-wire measurement system, we analyzed the pulsating and time-averaged velocity distributions within the boundary layer to evaluate the streamwise turbulent drag reduction. The results show that the local TDR decreases as the pulse frequency increases, reaching a maximum reduction of approximately 20.97% at a pulse frequency of 50 Hz. In addition, as the actuation voltage increases, the friction coefficient decreases, increasing the drag reduction rate. The maximum drag reduction of approximately 33.34% is achieved at an actuation voltage of 10 kV.

关键词： plasma flow control turbulent boundary layer turbulent drag reduction

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Energy-based Swing-up control of the Soft Inverted Pendulum with Affine Curvature

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Nonlinear Dynamics 2025年 1-20页

作者： Wang, Yongjia Xin, Xin School of Automation Southeast University Nanjing210096 China Key Laboratory of Measurement and Control of Complex Systems of Engineering Ministry of Education Nanjing210096 China Institute of Intelligent Unmanned Systems Southeast University Nanjing210096 China

This paper studies the energy-based swing-up control of an underactuated soft inverted pendulum, a template model of soft robots with its base attached to the ground and its curvature described by an affine function. First, this paper presents a necessary and sufficient condition for the linear controllability of the robot around its upright equilibrium point (UEP). Next, without any constraint on its stiffness, this paper derives an energy-based controller to swing up the robot to its UEP, where the pendulum is in its upright position, and provides a necessary and sufficient condition such that the controller is free of singular points. Then, this paper characterizes the patterns of closed-loop equilibrium points with respect to the physical parameters of the pendulum and the gains of the derived controller, and analyzes the closed-loop motion corresponding to the special case in which desired convergence of the total mechanical energy is achieved. In such case, this paper reveals that the UEP is generically the unique closed-loop equilibrium point, and provides clarification regarding its stability. These results serve as guidelines of the design of soft robots and the tuning of control gains to achieve the desired performance of the swing-up control. Finally, this paper conducts numerical simulations to validate the theoretical results and to demonstrate the effectiveness and performance of the derived controller in swinging up the robot to its UEP from initial states far from the UEP, even under the challenging condition of very low stiffness. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V. 2025.

关键词： Affine transforms

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Transformer-Based Scenario Generation of Multi-segment Monotonic Increasing Bidding Curves of Power Plants

Transformer-Based Scenario Generation of Multi-segment Monot...

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International Conference of Electrical, Electronic and Networked Energy systems, EENES 2024

作者： Xie, Haochuan Lv, Jianhu Wang, Ying Yuan, Kun College of Software Southeast University Suzhou China China Electric Power Research Institute Beijing China Key Laboratory of Measurement and Control of Complex Systems of Engineering Ministry of Education Southeast University Nanjing China

ISBN: (纸本)9789819618637

With the relaxation of electricity market regulation, power plants are permitted to engage in bidding. The bidding outcomes in the competitive market differ significantly from those in the previously regulated market. These differences in bidding outcomes will further impact power flow and system security. To provide a reference for practical electricity market operations, make market simulation more realistic, it is crucial to analyze and establish a model to simulate the bidding behavior of power generators. This paper applies Transformer networks to predict multi-segment bidding behaviors of power plants, we have improved the classic Transformer network by adopting a one encoder-two decoder format, considering six key factors influencing bidding behavior: unit ID, fuel type, capacity, location, system load, and load ratio. Additionally, monotonicity of the multi-segment bidding curves of power plants is taken into account, and monotonicity loss functions are introduced to achieve this goal. We apply this method to predict bidding behaviors in power plants in the Australian electricity market, validating the accuracy of the model. © Beijing Paike Culture Commu. Co., Ltd. 2025.

关键词： bidding curves generation monotonicity constraint power market Transformer-based

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Fixed-Time Adaptive Tracking Event-Based control for Uncertain Stochastic Nonlinear systems With Output Constraints

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International Journal of Robust and Nonlinear control 2025年第0期

作者： Wang, Kun Xie, Liping Yuan, Yixuan Zhang, Kanjian Key Laboratory of Measurement and Control of Complex Systems of Engineering Ministry of Education School of Automation Southeast University Nanjing China

This paper focuses on an adaptive fixed-time tracking control problem for nonstrict-feedback stochastic nonlinear systems with unknown control coefficients and output constraints. To overcome this problem, this article introduces a unified system transformation function to facilitate the transition of the system from constrained to unconstrained states. Subsequently, a fuzzy approximation principle is utilized for handling unknown terms in the transformed system, while Nussbaum functions are employed to manage unknown control directions. Then, combined with the backstepping technique, an adaptive fixed-time tracking controller is designed with an event-triggered mechanism, which not only achieves the convergence of tracking errors within a limited time independent of initial states, but also conserves resources. Under the proposed tracking controller, practical fixed-time stability can be ensured for the closed-loop system. Finally, two simulation examples demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed scheme. © 2025 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

关键词： Stochastic systems

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End-to-end multi-task reinforcement learning-based UAV swarm communication attack detection and area coverage

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Knowledge-Based systems 2025年 316卷

作者： Yu, Jin Zhang, Ya Sun, Changyin School of Automation Southeast University Nanjing210096 China Key Laboratory of Measurement and Control of Complex Systems of Engineering Ministry of Education Nanjing China

This paper proposes an innovative end-to-end multi-task reinforcement learning framework designed to enhance the security and operational stability of UAVs in complex communication attacks environments. In scenarios involving multiple UAV coverage, the framework classifies attack types and predicts UAV behaviors, which enables rapid response and compromised data recovery. First, a spatiotemporal attention mechanism is employed to strengthen the network by capturing temporal dependencies in the communication data and improving the recognition of hybird attack mode, thereby facilitating the integration of detection and repair. Second, the causal inference mechanism introduced in this study extracts true causal relationships from interference, which ensures the accuracy and stability of action predictions for area coverage under attack conditions. Finally, the entire process is modeled as a multi-task Markov decision process, optimizing overall decision-making efficiency. Additionally, the dynamic pheromone induction mechanism is proposed to realize the adaptive regional cooperative coverage of multiple UAVs. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can effectively detect hybrid attacks and predict UAV actions, protecting the multi-UAV cooperative area coverage. © 2025

关键词： Reinforcement learning

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Fast resistivity imaging of transient electromagnetic using an extreme learning machine

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Soft Computing 2025年第2期29卷 1121-1131页

作者： Li, Ruiyou Zhang, Yong Li, Guang Li, Ruiheng Hu, Jia Li, Min School of Software and Internet of Things Engineering Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics NanChang330013 China School of Geophysics and Measurement Control Technology East China University of Technology NanChang330013 China School of Information Engineering Hubei University of Economics Wuhan430205 China The State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment and System Security and New Technology Chongqing University Chongqing400044 China

The transient electromagnetic method (TEM) is widely used in geophysical exploration. In TEM data interpretation, nonlinear inversion plays an important role. However, traditional TEM nonlinear inversion adopts the OCCAM imaging method, which merely presents the approximate shape of the stratum model, with poor inversion accuracy and much iteration time. To solve the above problems, a novel nonlinear inversion approach based on extreme learning machine (ELM) is proposed in this paper. The ELM is required to establish the input–output mapping relationship of the inversion network only once through the analytical method, which is different from the traditional neural network method that demands iterative gradient learning and is prone to fall into the local optimum. Moreover, the ELM inversion network by randomly assigning the hidden layer parameters is capable of mapping the observed TEM data and quickly producing resistivity images, which avoids time-consuming iteration and inversion calculations. The presented approach is applied to both synthetic and field examples. The results show that compared with the traditional nonlinear inversion algorithms (BP and OCCAM), the proposed method achieves better inversion accuracy and significantly reduces the calculation time, which verifies the effectiveness of the ELM algorithm for TEM data interpretation. Additionally, the research provides a new method and technology for TEM data inversion. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2025.

关键词： Electromagnetic transients

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