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Recovering chromium from electroplating sludge using an integrated technology of bipolar membrane electrodialysis and H2O2 oxidation

引用

Chemosphere 2024年 366卷 143450页

作者： Lian, Rui Liu, Yaoxing Pan, Yan Ding, Jianguo Wu, Xiaoyun Lv, Mingzhi Wu, Xiaoyu Chen, Riyao Ding, Rui Liu, Jianxi Van der Bruggen, Bart College of Environmental and Resource Sciences College of Carbon Neutral Modern Industry Fujian Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse Fujian Normal University Fujian Province Fuzhou350117 China School of Safety and Environment Fujian Chuanzheng Communications College Fujian Province Fuzhou350007 China Department of Chemical Engineering ProcESS-Process Engineering for Sustainable System KU Leuven Celestijnenlaan 200F LeuvenB-3001 Belgium Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment Tshwane University of Technology Private Bag X680 Pretoria0001 South Africa

Chromium electroplating produces Cr(III)-containing electroplating sludge (EPS) in large volumes, which is easily oxidised to Cr(Ⅵ) and is harmful to the environment and human health. This study recovered Cr(III) as Na2CrO4 from EPS using an integrated bipolar membrane electrodialysis (BMED)–H2O2 oxidation technology. During the treatment process, Cr(III) was oxidised to Cr(VI) using H2O2 in an alkaline environment, BMED was used to separate and recover Cr(VI). Experimental results showed that H2O2 dosage and pH affected Cr(III) oxidation—the highest Cr(III) oxidation ratio of 68.4% was observed when H2O2 dosage and pH were 5.5 mL and 12.0, respectively. The current density, solid/liquid ratio and sludge particle size affected Cr(III) recovery, energy consumption and current efficiency. Under a current density of 20.0 mA/cm2, solid/liquid ratio of 1.0:45 and sludge particle size of 100 mesh, 58.2% of Cr(III) was recovered. When the number of the equipped EPS compartments was increased from one to two and three, the specific energy consumption decreased from 1.04 to 0.87 and 0.81 kW h/g, respectively, but the current efficiency remained almost constant. After EPS treatment, the Cr(III) remaining in the sludge was mainly in the residual state, which is less environmentally harmful. The obtained Na2CrO4 had similar properties according to X-ray diffraction analysis. Thus, the proposed integrated technology effectively recovers Cr(III) from EPS and other chromium-containing solid wastes. © 2024 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： X ray diffraction analysis

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Commensurate and Incommensurate Chern Insulators in Magic-angle Bilayer Graphene

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2024年

作者： Zhang, Zaizhe Yang, Jingxin Xie, Bo Feng, Zuo Zhang, Shu Watanabe, Kenji Taniguchi, Takashi Yang, Xiaoxia Dai, Qing Liu, Tao Liu, Donghua Liu, Kaihui Song, Zhida Liu, Jianpeng Lu, Xiaobo International Center for Quantum Materials School of Physics Peking University Beijing100871 China National Engineering Research Center of Electromagnetic Radiation Control Materials University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu611731 China School of Physical Science and Technology ShanghaiTech University Shanghai201210 China State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics Frontiers Science Centre for Nano-optoelectronics School of Physics Peking University Beijing100871 China CAS Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Materials and Devices CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience National Center for Nanoscience and Technology Beijing100871 China Research Center for Electronic and Optical Materials National Institute of Material Sciences 1-1 Namiki Tsukuba305-0044 Japan Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics National Institute of Material Sciences 1-1 Namiki Tsukuba305-0044 Japan School of Materials Science and Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai200240 China School of Materials and Energy University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu611731 China Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter Beijing100871 China Hefei National Laboratory Hefei230088 China

The interplay between strong electron-electron interaction and symmetry breaking can have profound influence on the topological properties of materials1–4. In magic angle twisted bilayer graphene (MATBG), the flat band with a single SU(4) flavor associated with the spin and valley degrees of freedom gains non-zero Chern number when C2z symmetry or C2zT symmetry is broken. Electron-electron interaction can further lift the SU(4) degeneracy, leading to the Chern insulator states5–14. Here we report a complete sequence of zero-field Chern insulators at all odd integer fillings (ν = ±1, ±3) with different chirality (C = 1 or -1) in hBN aligned MATBG which structurally breaks C2z symmetry. The Chern states at hole fillings (v = -1, -3), which are firstly observed in this work, host an opposite chirality compared with the electron filling scenario. By slightly doping the v = ±3 states, we have observed new correlated insulating states at incommensurate moiré fillings which is highly suggested to be intrinsic Wigner crystals according to our theoretical calculations. Remarkably, we have observed prominent Streda-formula violation around v = -3 state. By doping the Chern gap at v = -3 with notable number of electrons at finite magnetic field, the Hall resistance Ryx robustly quantizes to ~ h/e2 whereas longitudinal resistance Rxx vanishes, indicating that the chemical potential is pinned within a Chern gap, forming an incommensurate Chern insulator. By providing the first experimental observation of zero-field Chern insulators in the flat valence band, our work fills up the overall topological framework of MATBG with broken C2z symmetry. Our findings also demonstrate that doped topological flat band is an ideal platform to investigate exotic incommensurate correlated topological states. © 2024, CC BY-NC-SA.

关键词： Degrees of freedom (mechanics)

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Helium's Impact: Unraveling Bubble Formation in Fe2alb2 Under Extreme Conditions of Temperature and Fluence

SSRN

引用

SSRN 2024年

作者： Daghbouj, N. Li, Jiaqi He, Xiaoxun Chen, Ke Cao, Xingzhong Jin, Shuoxue Li, Jun Wei, Haiyuan Zhou, Junjun Zhang, Tongmin Xu, Shuai Ge, Fangfang Duchoň, Jan AlMotasem, Ahmed T. Polcar, Tomas Li, Bingsheng State Key Laboratory for Environment-friendly Energy Materials Southwest University of Science and Technology Sichuan Mianyang621010 China Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Zhejiang Ningbo315201 China Beijing100049 China Institute of Modern Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Gansu Lanzhou73000 China Department of Control Engineering Faculty of Electrical Engineering Czech Technical University in Prague Technická 2 Prague 6160 00 Czech Republic Institute of Physics the Czech Academy of Sciences Na Slovance 1999/2 Prague 8182 21 Czech Republic

Layered carbides and borides, blending ceramic and metallic properties, offer great promise for future nuclear reactor applications due to their complex nanolaminate crystal structure. We conducted a comprehensive investigation to understand the profound effects of He ion irradiation on polycrystalline Fe2AlB2 samples exposed to varying fluences, energy, and *** temperature (RT) irradiation triggers notable changes: a-lattice expands 0.3%, c-lattice contracts 0.07%, and an embedded amorphous layer into the matrix is formed. 400°C annealing keeps an amorphous structure but 800°C annealing fully recrystallizes with bubble growth. At 400°C irradiation with the same fluence, smaller bubbles form without an amorphous layer, indicating defect recombination depends on helium attachment to vacancies. Under irradiation at 700°C, faceted bubbles develop exclusively within Fe2AlB2, with no such bubbles in Al2O3. These faceted bubbles align themselves along (110) planes. Simultaneously, irradiation prompts tangled dislocations within the damaged layer, fostering the congregation of polygonal bubbles along grain boundaries (GBs) and creating denuded areas at GBs. Impressively, Fe2AlB2 demonstrates remarkable oxidation resistance under high-temperature irradiation, maintaining surface stability without the cracks seen in ion-irradiated Ti3SiC2 and Ti2AlC at *** outcomes conclusively establish Fe2AlB2 as a promising choice for reactors designed to function at temperatures surpassing 500°C. The material showcases remarkable resilience to irradiation, prompting a need for additional exploration and serious consideration in reactor applications operating in environments beyond the 500°C threshold. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Grain boundaries

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Defocus Fuzzy Image Restoration

引用

IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 2018年第1期466卷

作者： Chengcheng Li Gongfa Li Ying Sun Guozhang Jiang Du Jiang Shuang Xu Key Laboratory of Metallurgical Equipment and Control Technology Ministry of Education Wuhan University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430081 China Research Center of Biologic Manipulator and Intelligent Measurement and Control Wuhan University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430081 China Hubei Key Laboratory of Mechanical Transmission and Manufacturing Engineering Wuhan University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430081 China 3D Printing and Intelligent Manufacturing Engineering Institute Wuhan University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430081 China

In daily life, if the focus is not on the object to be photographed, the image is blurred. This is the blurred image caused by the defocus. The defocus is a very common factor, and in most cases, the defocus amount is unpredictable, which brings great difficulty to defocus image restoration. In the existing defocus fuzzy image restoration method, the defocused point diffusion function can be estimated by determining the model parameters of the defocus blurred image, and then the reconstructed image can be obtained by inverse filtering or Wiener filtering. This paper introduces the causes of the defocus image, expounds the inverse filtering, Wiener filtering and blind restoration methods, and analyses the different principles of the three methods, and uses inverse filtering, Wiener filtering and blind restoration to deal with the defocus blurred images, and the expected results are obtained.

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Microseismic source location using a 3D velocity model: From the ray tracing method to waveform inversion

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IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 2021年第4期861卷

作者： Xueyi Shang Runxue Miao Yi Wang State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control School of Resources and Safety Engineering Chongqing University Chongqing 400044 China State Key Laboratory of Geodesy and Earth's Dynamics Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Wuhan 430077 China

Microseismic (MS) source location is important in MS monitoring, providing the basis for determining fracture zones and calculating seismic source parameters (e.g., event magnitude and focal mechanisms). To date, homogenous, 1D, and simple 3D velocity models have been adopted in MS source location. However, a mine is usually characterized by a strong velocity heterogeneity due to engineering geology, 3D geostress, and excavation. In this work, we adopted a travel-time tomography-based high-resolution 3D velocity model and then applied 3D ray tracing based on the shooting method, 3D Gaussian beam-based reverse-time method, and waveform inversion method to MS source location. A semiautomatic waveform-cut method based on the cross-correlation (WCC) technique was developed for a quick, robust, and precise determination of the direct P-phase relative delay times. Additionally, the spectral element method for wavefield modeling, multiscale grid (coarse grid + fine grid) 3D waveform inversion, and L-BGFS iterative method were applied in the waveform inversion. Our results show that the commonly used ray tracing method may be affected by multiray path effects and waveform focusing/defocusing during wavefield propagation, whereas the Gaussian beam method has a frequency-dependent width, and the waveform inversion method has a broader frequency width, which can effectively overcome the issues of ray tracing. The average location errors of eight blasting events obtained using the 3D ray tracing, Gaussian beam, and waveform inversion methods are 26.2, 17.0, and 17.6 m, respectively, which are smaller than those of previous researches obtained using the homogenous-velocity model (average location error > 40 m). In conclusion, the high resolution of the location methods based on 3D velocity models can provide an effective approach to improve the MS source location accuracy and exhibit broad application potential.

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Satellite-relayed intercontinental quantum network

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2018年

作者： Liao, Sheng-Kai Cai, Wen-Qi Handsteiner, Johannes Liu, Bo Yin, Juan Zhang, Liang Rauch, Dominik Fink, Matthias Ren, Ji-Gang Liu, Wei-Yue Li, Yang Shen, Qi Cao, Yuan Li, Feng-Zhi Wang, Jian-Feng Huang, Yong-Mei Deng, Lei Xi, Tao Ma, Lu Hu, Tai Li, Li Liu, Nai-Le Koidl, Franz Wang, Peiyuan Chen, Yu-Ao Wang, Xiang-Bin Steindorfer, Michael Kirchner, Georg Lu, Chao-Yang Shu, Rong Ursin, Rupert Scheidl, Thomas Peng, Cheng-Zhi Wang, Jian-Yu Zeilinger, Anton Pan, Jian-Wei Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Modern Physics University of Science and Technology of China Hefei230026 China Center for Excellence Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics University of Science and Technology of China Shanghai201315 China Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology Faculty of Physics University of Vienna Vienna1090 Austria Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information Austrian Academy of Sciences Vienna1090 Austria School of Computer National University of Defense Technology Changsha410073 China Key Laboratory of Space Active Opto-Electronic Technology Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai200083 China National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100012 China Key Laboratory of Optical Engineering Institute of Optics and Electronics Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu610209 Shanghai Engineering Center for Microsatellites Shanghai201203 China State Key Laboratory of Astronautic Dynamics Xi'an Satellite Control Center Xi’an710061 China Xinjiang Astronomical Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences Urumqi830011 China National Space Science Center Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100080 China Space Research Institute Austrian Academy of Sciences Graz8042 Austria

We perform decoy-state quantum key distribution between a low-Earth-orbit satellite and multiple ground stations located in Xinglong, Nanshan, and Graz, which establish satellite-to-ground secure keys with ~kHz rate per passage of the satellite Micius over a ground station. The satellite thus establishes a secure key between itself and, say, Xinglong, and another key between itself and, say, Graz. Then, upon request from the ground command, Micius acts as a trusted relay. It performs bitwise exclusive OR operations between the two keys and relays the result to one of the ground stations. That way, a secret key is created between China and Europe at locations separated by 7600 km on Earth. These keys are then used for intercontinental quantum-secured communication. This was on the one hand the transmission of images in a one-time pad configuration from China to Austria as well as from Austria to China. Also, a videoconference was performed between the Austrian Academy of Sciences and the Chinese Academy of Sciences, which also included a 280 km optical ground connection between Xinglong and Beijing. Our work points towards an efficient solution for an ultra-long-distance global quantum network, laying the groundwork for a future quantum internet. Copyright © 2018, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Satellites

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Transforming heat transfer with thermal metamaterials and devices

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2020年

作者： Li, Ying Li, Wei Han, Tiancheng Zheng, Xu Li, Jiaxin Li, Baowen Fan, Shanhui Qiu, Cheng-Wei Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore117583 Singapore Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou310027 China ZJU-Hangzhou Global Science and Technology Innovation Center Key Lab. of Advanced Micro/Nano Electronic Devices & Smart Systems of Zhejiang Zhejiang University Hangzhou310027 China Department of Electrical Engineering Ginzton Laboratory Stanford University StanfordCA94305 United States National Engineering Research Center of Electromagnetic Radiation Control Materials State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Film and Integrated Devices University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu610054 China Department of Physics University of Colorado BoulderCO80309 United States School of Mechatronics Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin150001 China Paul M. Rady Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Colorado BoulderCO80309 United States

| The demand for sophisticated tools and approaches in heat management and control has triggered fast development of emerging fields including conductive thermal metamaterials, nanophononics, far-field and near-field radiative thermal management, etc. In this review, we cast a unified perspective on the control of heat transfer, based on which the related studies can be considered as complementary paradigms toward manipulating physical parameters and realizing unprecedented phenomena in heat transfer using artificial structures, such as thermal conductivity in heat conduction, thermal emissivity in radiation, and properties related to multi-physical effects. The review is divided into three parts that focus on the three main categories of heat flow control, respectively. Thermal conduction and radiation are emphasized in the first and second parts at both macro- and micro-scale. The third part discusses the efforts to actively introduce heat sources or tune the material parameters with multi-physical effects in both conduction and radiation, including works using thermal convection. We conclude the review with challenges in this research topic and new possibilities about topological thermal effects, heat waves, and quantum thermal effects. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Metamaterials

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Design of Half-bridge Bidirectional DC-DC Converter control Loop

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Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2021年第1期1894卷

作者： Huan Cheng Yingna Guo Zhao Ma Sisi Bai School of Electronic Engineering Xi'an Shiyou University Xi'an China Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Measurement and Control Technology for Oil and Gas Wells Xi'an China School of Electronic Engineering Xi'an Aeronautical University Xi'an China

In recent years, the direct current (DC) microgrid system has received extensive attention from industrial and academic circles worldwide. As an essential part of the DC microgrid, the bidirectional DC-DC converter can realize the bidirectional flow of energy according to the needs of the DC microgrid. In this paper, the half-bridge bidirectional DC-DC converter is taken as the research object, and the double closed-loop feedback control loop of the converter in the charging and discharging mode is designed based on the intermittent and fluctuating characteristics of distributed generation. Besides, a simulation model is built using MATLAB to analyze the operation of the converter in different modes and the control effect of the double closed-loop feedback control loop. The results verify the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed control method.

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MAE-GAN: A Novel Strategy for Simultaneous Super-resolution Reconstruction and Denoising of Post-stack Seismic Profile

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Yu, Wenshuo Dong, Shiqi Lu, Shaoping Dong, Xintong The College of Instrumentation and Electrical Engineering Jilin University Jilin Changchun130026 China The Key Laboratory of Modern Power System Simulation and the Control and Renewable Energy Technology Ministry of Education Jilin Jilin City132012 China Department of Communication Engineering College of Electric Engineering Northeast Electric Power University Jilin Jilin City132012 China School of Earth Sciences and Engineering Sun Yat-Sen University Guangdong Guangzhou510275 China Guangdong Zhuhai519000 China Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Geodynamics and Geohazards Sun Yat-Sen University Guangdong Guangzhou510275 China

Post-stack seismic profiles are images reflecting containing geological structures which provides a critical foundation for understanding the distribution of oil and gas resources. However, due to the limitations of seismic acquisition equipment and data collecting geometry, the post-stack profiles suffer from low resolution and strong noise issues, which severely affects subsequent seismic interpretation. To better enhance the spatial resolution and signal-to-noise ratio of post-seismic profiles, a multi-scale attention encoder-decoder network based on generative adversarial network (MAE-GAN) is proposed. This method improves the resolution of post-stack profiles, and effectively suppresses noises and recovers weak signals as well. A multi-scale residual module is proposed to extract geological features under different receptive fields. At the same time, an attention module is designed to further guide the network to focus on important feature information. Additionally, to better recover the global and local information of post-stack profiles, an adversarial network based on a Markov discriminator is proposed. Finally, by introducing an edge information preservation loss function, the conventional loss function of the Generative Adversarial Network is improved, which enables better recovery of the edge information of the original post-stack profiles. Experimental results on simulated and field post-stack profiles demonstrate that the proposed MAE-GAN method outperforms two advanced convolutional neural network-based methods in noise suppression and weak signal recovery. Furthermore, the profiles reconstructed by the MAE-GAN method preserve more geological structures. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Generative adversarial networks

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Nuclear charge radii of germanium isotopes around N = 40

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2024年

作者： Wang, S.J. Kanellakopoulos, A. Yang, X.F. Bai, S.W. Billowes, J. Bissell, M.L. Blaum, K. Cheal, B. Devlin, C.S. Ruiz, R.F. Garcia Han, J.Z. Heylen, H. Kaufmann, S. König, K. Koszorús, Á. Lechner, S. Malbrunot-Ettenauer, S. Nazarewicz, W. Neugart, R. Neyens, G. Nörtershäuser, W. Ratajczyk, T. Reinhard, P.-G. Rodríguez, L.V. Sels, S. Xie, L. Xu, Z.Y. Yordanov, D.T. Yu, Y.M. School of Physics State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology Peking University Beijing100871 China KU Leuven Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica LeuvenB-3001 Belgium School of Physics and Astronomy The University of Manchester ManchesterM13 9PL United Kingdom Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik HeidelbergD-69117 Germany Oliver Lodge Laboratory University of Liverpool Oxford Street LiverpoolL69 7ZE United Kingdom Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA United States Experimental Physics Department CERN Geneva 23CH-1211 Switzerland State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments Key Laboratory of Photon Measurement and Control Technology Ministry of Education Department of Precision Instrument Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China Institut für Kernphysik TU Darmstadt DarmstadtD-64289 Germany Institut für Kernchemie Universität Mainz MainzD-55128 Germany Technische Universität Wien Karlsplatz 13 WienAT-1040 Austria Department of Physics and Astronomy FRIB Laboratory Michigan State University East LansingMI48824 United States Institut für Theoretische Physik Universität Erlangen Erlangen Germany Institute de Physique Nucléaire CNRS-IN2P3 Université Paris-Sud Université Paris-Saclay Orsay91406 France Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics Institute of Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100190 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China

Collinear laser spectroscopy measurements were performed on 68−74Ge isotopes (Z = 32) at ISOLDE-CERN, by probing the 4s24p2 3P1 → 4s24p5s3Po1 atomic transition (269 nm) of germanium. Nuclear charge radii are determined via the measured isotope shifts, revealing a larger local variation than the neighboring isotopic chains. Nuclear density functional theory with the Fayans functionals Fy(∆r,HFB) and Fy(IVP), and the SV-min Skyrme describes the experimental data for the differential charge radii δ〈r2〉 and charge radii Rc within the theoretical uncertainties. The observed large variation in the charge radii of germanium isotopes is better accounted for by theoretical models incorporating ground state quadrupole correlations. This suggests that the polarization effects due to pairing and deformation contribute to the observed large odd-even staggering in the charge radii of the Ge isotopic chain. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Density functional theory

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