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Strategies for Enhancing Direct Interspecies Electron Transfer Induced by Granular Activated Carbon During Anaerobic Digestion of Fat, Oil, and Grease

SSRN

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SSRN 2025年

作者： He, Xia Chen, Jieying Xu, Weijia Lu, Yanqin College of Environmental Science and Engineering Guilin University of Technology Guangxi541006 China Modern Industry College of Ecology and Environmental Protection Guilin University of Technology Guilin541006 China Guangxi Key Laboratory of Theory and Technology for Environmental Pollution Control Guilin University of Technology Guilin541006 China

Adsorption of long chain fatty acids (LCFAs) on granular activated carbon (GAC) limits the establishment of direct interspecies electron transfer (DIET) via GAC during anaerobic digestion of fat, oil, and grease (FOG). Exploration of strategies for enhancing GAC-induced DIET for LCFAs degradation is vital for the application of GAC in FOG digestion. In this study, the influence of different strategies, combined with pre-mixing GAC with inoculum, inoculum acclimation, and inoculum size differentiation, on the enhancement of GAC-induced DIET was investigated. The results show that pre-mixing GAC with the large size acclimatized inoculum was the optimal strategy to reduce LCFAs adsorption on GAC and enhance GAC-induced DIET for LCFAs degradation, leading to 63.4% increment of methane production compared to the control. Using the optimal strategy, Exilispira, Geobacter, Methanosaeta, Methanolinea, and RBG-16-49-21 were highly enriched and cooperatively interacted on GAC, contributing to the enhanced acetate/propionate degradation and nitrogen conversion to accelerate LCFAs degradation. This simultaneously reduced the inhibitory effect of LCFAs in the digester, changed the microbial composition and the network of the suspended sludge, benefiting the methane production by suspended sludge. Overall, this work provides an in-depth understanding of the enhancement of GAC-induced DIET during FOG digestion. © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Anaerobic digestion

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A Monitoring Method for the Ice Shape and the Freeze-Thaw Process of Ice Accretion on Transmission Lines Based on Circular FBG Plane Principal Strain Sensor

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Qin, Zhuoke Jia, Bin Shen, Xiahui Zhang, Lizhen Lu, Honggang Du, Chao Cui, Liqin Zhang, Li Deng, Xiao The College of Physics and Optoelectronics Taiyuan University of Technology Taiyuan030024 China The Scientific Research Office of Shanxi Electric Power Technical College Taiyuan030021 China The College of Physics and Optoelectronics The Key Laboratory of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control System Ministry of Education The Shanxi Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Physics Taiyuan University of Technology Taiyuan030024 China

As a key infrastructure for China's "West-to-East Power Transmission" project, transmission lines (TL) face the threat of ice accretion under complex microclimatic conditions. This study proposes a plane principal strain sensing method based on a fiber Bragg grating circular array, achieving synchronous monitoring of 6 strains (ranging from -2000 to 2000 μΕ) across the TL cross-section. Through finite element simulation experiments, a mapping relationship between the bending of TL and the plane principal strain has been established. After completing the sensor calibration, an experimental platform for the freeze-thaw process of ice accretion on the TL was built. The relationships between ice mass and bending strain, as well as the ice shape on the TL cross-section (C-shaped and circular ice) and plane principal strain, were studied. Furthermore, a BP neural network model was developed to determine the 4 states of the icing process (no ice/freeze/stable/thaw), achieving an accuracy of 91.23%. This study provides effective monitoring of the freeze-thaw process of ice accretion on the TL, offering important technical support for the prevention and control of ice accretion in power grid. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Thawing

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ASTARS Aided NOMA Covert Communication Networks

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IEEE Transactions on Vehicular technology 2025年

作者： Yue, Xinwei Song, Xinlong Zhao, Jingjing Huang, Chongwen Jin, Hongxu Xiang, Wei Key Laboratory of Information and Communication Systems Ministry of Information Industry Beijing102206 China Beijing Information Science and Technology University Key Laboratory of Modern Measurement & Control Technology Ministry of Education Beijing102206 China Beihang University School of Electronic and Information Engineering Beijing100191 China Zhejiang University College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering Hangzhou310027 China Xidian University State Key Laboratory of Integrated Service Networks Xi'an710071 China Hangzhou310027 China Zunyi Normal University School of Information Engineering Zunyi563006 China La Trobe University School of Computing Engineering and Mathmatical Sciences MelbourneVIC3086 Australia

The active simultaneously transmitting and reflecting surface (STARS) has been proposed as a complement of passive STARS (PSTARS) to inhibit the double path-loss. This paper applies the active STARS (ASTARS) to aid in non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) covert communications over cascaded rice fading channels, where two wardens are located on the opposite sides of ASTARS to monitor the transmission information. More specifically, we derive approximate expressions for detection error probability of two wardens. The optimal detection threshold and minimum detection error probability are presented in the worst covert scenarios. The covert transmission rate expressions for a coupe of covert users are further deduced by taking into account imperfect/perfect successive interference cancellation. The experimental simulation results are presented to confirm that: 1) The detection error probability of ASTARS-NOMA networks is superior to that of ASTARS assisted-orthogonal multiple access (ASTARS-OMA) and PSTARS aided NOMA networks;2) As the number of active elements increases, the covert transmission rates of ASTARS-NOMA networks become larger relative to ASTARS-OMA;and 3) ASTARS-NOMA has ability to provide the enhanced system throughput in delay-tolerant transmission mode. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Fading channels

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Fiber-optic FPI-based hydrogen sensor with polymer/air cascaded cavity and PDMS/Pt/WO3 layered structure

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Optics Communications 2025年 586卷

作者： Liu, Yinggang Zhou, Rui Xu, Xinyi Li, Rui Li, Fei Gao, Hong Yu, Dakuan Shaanxi Engineering Research Center of Oil and Gas Resource Optical Fiber Detection & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Measurement and Control Technology for Oil and Gas Wells Xi'an Shiyou University Xi'an710065 China

In this paper, a feasible and cost-effective fiber-optic hydrogen concentration sensor based on exothermic chemical reaction effect is proposed and demonstrated experimentally. The sensor structure mainly consists of a cascaded Fabry-Perot interferometer (FPI) filled with polymer and air, and a layer of Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) coated with platinum/tungsten trioxide (Pt/WO3). The air-cavity FPI is the sensing actuator, and its air-cavity length can be modulated by the polymer-cavity FPI. When the sensor is exposed to a hydrogen environment, the exothermic chemical reaction between Pt/WO3 and hydrogen results in significant thermal expansion of the polymer, which results in a change in the air-cavity length. Thus, the spectral interference fringes of the FPI sensor will change with the variation of hydrogen concentration correspondingly. Through monitoring and analyzing the wavelength shifts of the spectrum of the sensor, the sensing sensitivity of 2.664 nm/ % was achieved in the concentration range of 0.5 %–2.9 %, and the linearity of hydrogen concentration-dependent wavelength shift was superior to 0.99. This sensor is easy to manufacture, and brings numerous prospects in environmental monitoring, industrial production safety, and chemical engineering fields since serial merits of small dimensions, high sensitivity, good repeatability, and stability for hydrogen concentration measurement. © 2025 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Fabry-Perot interferometers

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A Short-Term Power Prediction Method for Wind Farm Cluster Based on Time Dynamic Graph Network and Improved Transformer Model

A Short-Term Power Prediction Method for Wind Farm Cluster B...

引用

International Russian Smart Industry Conference (SmartIndustryCon)

作者： Chao Han Zihang Chen Key Laboratory of Modern Power System Simulation and Control & Renewable Energy Technology Ministry of Education (Northeast Electric Power University) Jilin China Jiangmen Power Supply Bureau of Guangdong Power Grid Co. Ltd Jiangmen China

ISBN: (数字)9798331511241

ISBN: (纸本)9798331511258

In recent years, wind power has gradually replaced thermal power as the main source of new energy generation. Wind power prediction in advance can help formulate scheduling strategies and improve the stability of the power system. With the advent of the Industry 4.0 and the widespread application of artificial intelligence technology, artificial algorithms have been extensively used in the field of wind power prediction. To further explore the spatiotemporal correlation of every wind farm in the wind farm cluster, a temporal dynamic graph network is used to divide the wind farm farm into several sub-clusters. Then, the KAN-BiLSTM-Transformer algorithm is used to predict wind power of each wind sub-cluster. Finally, the wind power of each sub-cluster is added to attain the final predicted power of the wind farm cluster. After verification, the RMSE and MAE of the proposed method is 0.06849 and 0.05805 respectively, with an accuracy of 93.15%, which is superior to the compared algorithms. Proposed method can provide more accurate prediction results.

关键词： Accuracy Heuristic algorithms Clustering algorithms Wind power generation Wind farms Predictive models Prediction algorithms Transformers Spatiotemporal phenomena Wind forecasting

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High-precision visual navigation device calibration method based on collimator

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Liang, Shunkun Tan, Dongcai Guan, Banglei Li, Zhang Dai, Guangcheng Pan, Nianpeng Shen, Liang Shang, Yang Yu, Qifeng College of Aerospace Science and Engineering National University of Defense Technology Hunan Changsha410073 China Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Image Measurement and Vision Navigation Hunan Changsha410073 China North Navigation Control Technology Co. Ltd Beijing Beijing 100176 China

Visual navigation devices require precise calibration to achieve high-precision localization and navigation, which includes camera and attitude calibration. To address the limitations of time-consuming camera calibration and complex attitude adjustment processes, this study presents a collimator-based calibration method and system. Based on the optical characteristics of the collimator, a single-image camera calibration algorithm is introduced. In addition, integrated with the precision adjustment mechanism of the calibration frame, a rotation transfer model between coordinate systems enables efficient attitude calibration. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves accuracy and stability comparable to traditional multi-image calibration techniques. Specifically, the re-projection errors ≤ 0.1463 pixels and average attitude angle errors ≤ 0.0586 ° with a standard deviation ≤ 0.0257 °, demonstrating high precision and robustness. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Cameras

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Non-contact all-optic OCT–PAM imaging with shared detection light

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Applied Optics 2025年第13期64卷 3431-3437页

作者： Ning Ding Ben Xiang Huiwen Jiang Jinyun Yue Yao Yu Jian Liu Yuqian Zhao Jingmin Luan Yanqiu Yang Yi Wang Zhenhe Ma College of Information Science and Engineering Northeastern University Shenyang 110819 China School of Control Engineering Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao Qinhuangdao 066004 China Hebei Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Precision Optical Sensing and Measurement Technology Qinhuangdao 066004 China School of Computer and Communication Engineering Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao Qinhuangdao 066004 China

We proposed a non-contact all-optic OCT–PAM dual-modal system based on a single detection light source. A homodyne low-coherence interferometer was adopted to detect the vibration induced by photoacoustic excitation. The optical coherence tomography (OCT) and photoacoustic microscopy (PAM) shared the same broadband light source for signal detection, thus simplifying the dual-modal system and making it compact. Using the proposed system, we performed absorption-scattering imaging of human hairs, measured the femoral artery and vein flow rates in mice, and imaged the auricle blood vessels in mice in vivo . The combination of OCT and PAM can provide complementary biological tissue information and offer a richer reference for the diagnosis of diseases.

关键词： Biomedical imaging Fabry Perot interferometers Imaging systems Imaging techniques Optical imaging Tissue imaging

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Retired Lithium-ion Batteries Screening Based on Partial Discharge Curves and an Improved Crossformer

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IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification 2025年

作者： Lin, Mingqiang Xu, Zijun Zheng, Gengfeng Meng, Jinhao Wang, Wei Wu, Ji Fujian Key Laboratory of Special Intelligent Equipment Safety Measurement and Control Fuzhou350003 China Chinese Academy of Sciences Quanzhou Institute of Equipment Manufacturing Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Fujian Jinjiang362200 China Fujian Special Equipment Inspection and Research Institute Fuzhou350008 China Fujian Key Laboratory of Special Intelligent Equipment Safety Measurement and Control China Xi’an Jiaotong University School of Electrical Engineering Xi’an710049 China Xi’an Jiaotong University School of Management Xi’an710049 China Hefei University of Technology School of Automotive and Transportation Engineering Anhui Hefei230009 China

With the increasing number of retired lithium-ion batteries from electric vehicles, effective screening and classification are necessary to enable their secondary utilization. The existing retired lithium-ion battery screening methods have limitations in accuracy and high energy consumption. This paper proposes a method based on local discharge curves and an improved Crossformer model to reduce energy consumption and improve screening accuracy. Considering the actual conditions of retired lithium-ion batteries, features are extracted from the discharging stage. Select the segments of the capacity sequence that exhibit the most significant variation with the voltage sequence and construct a partial capacity-voltage sequence. The standard deviation and Shannon entropy of the capacity sequence, as well as the variance, energy, and the maximum amplitude of the low-frequency part of the Fourier-transformed voltage sequence, are used as features. Then, the Crossformer utilizes a flexible embedding mechanism and a hierarchical structure for handling the dependencies of the feature. The Crossformer is improved for classification by adding a cross-attention layer at the final stage of the Crossformer decoder, which enhances its ability to capture the dependencies between features and improves the model’s performance in battery screening classification. Finally, the validation of 252 retired batteries shows that the method achieves a classification accuracy of 94.74%, outperforming other advanced models, including the original Crossformer, Transformer, ResNet, and MLP models. © 2015 IEEE.

关键词： Lithium-ion batteries

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Thermal constraint control of reversible solid oxide cell for optimal system efficiency

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International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 2025年 134卷 198-211页

作者： Xu, Yuanwu Yin, Jie Wang, Jingjing Wu, Xiao-long Peng, Jingxuan Tang, Ruifeng Zou, Suhang Fu, Xiaowei Li, Xi School of Artificial Intelligence and Automation Wuhan University of Science and Technology Hubei Wuhan430081 China School of Artificial Intelligence and Automation Key Laboratory of Image Processing and Intelligent Control of Education Ministry Huazhong University of Science and Technology Hubei Wuhan430074 China School of Information Engineering Nanchang University Jiangxi Nanchang330031 China School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Nanyang Technological University 639798 Singapore China-Poland Belt and Road Joint Laboratory on Measurement and Control Technology Huazhong University of Science and Technology Hubei Wuhan430074 China Shenzhen Huazhong University of Science and Technology Research Institute Shenzhen518055 China

Reversible solid oxide cell (RSOC) demonstrates considerable promise in multimodal energy conversion architectures, particularly as a technology for hydrogen-based energy storage systems. Nevertheless, under dynamic operating regimes with time-varying current inputs, realizing time-efficient and reliable transitions to steady-state operation remains difficult. This difficulty arises from the intricate coupling of thermal, electrical, and gaseous processes within the RSOC system. This study aims to address these challenges by developing a 5 kW mathematical model of the RSOC system. The proposed model enables systematic investigation of thermal safety issues arising during current switching operations while introducing a thermal constraint control strategy to enhance both system efficiency and thermal safety performance. This efficiency-driven study employs the Grid Search algorithm to identify optimal steady-state operating points for the RSOC system, ensuring strict adherence to safety constraints across varying current inputs. Furthermore, by integrating the pre-identified optimal operating points as feedforward control with Model Predictive control (MPC)-based feedback correction, this hybrid strategy effectively mitigates stack temperature gradient overshoot while synchronously ensuring optimal system efficiency throughout current transition processes. Under simulated variable current inputs, the proposed RSOC system model and control strategy demonstrate the capability to constrain stack temperature gradient overshoot within 2.3K while enhancing transient efficiency by 5 %–8 %, achieving a peak system efficiency of 85 %. It provides a novel methodology for safe and efficient working with intermittent renewable energy. © 2025 Hydrogen Energy Publications LLC

关键词： Thermal variables control

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Joule Heating-Synthesized Graphene/Epoxy Radiation Heat Dissipation Coating for Spacecraft Thermal Management

SSRN

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SSRN 2025年

作者： Li, Ning Yibo, Zhang Xu, Yawei Li, Jing School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou510641 China National Key Laboratory of Spacecraft Thermal Control Beijing Institute of Spacecraft System Engineering Beijing100086 China South China University of Technology Zhuhai Institute of Modern Industrial Innovation Zhuhai519000 China

In the space environment, the heat dissipation of spacecraft primarily relies on thermal radiation. To reduce the weight of spacecraft, it is necessary to replace the existing copper radiators with aluminum ones. However, aluminum radiators have a lower emissivity, which results in suboptimal heat dissipation performance. Therefore, enhancing the emissivity of aluminum radiators is crucial for improving their heat dissipation performance. This study investigates the rapid (100 s) reduction of graphene oxide (GO) into low-defect reduced graphene oxide (mRGO) using Joule heating for 100 seconds, followed by non-covalent modification to further enhance its dispersion in water. By incorporating modified reduced graphene oxide (mRGO) as the primary filler in an aqueous epoxy resin emulsion and using 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) to enhance the adhesion between the coating and the aluminum substrate, a composite Graphene/Epoxy coating (GEC) with high emissivity and strong adhesion was successfully prepared. Experimental results demonstrate that the coating containing 4 wt% mRGO filler exhibits the optimal heat dissipation efficiency (24.15%) and significantly enhances the infrared emissivity of the substrate (up to 0.93). This coating exhibits excellent thermal stability and strong adhesion, providing a novel approach for thermal management in space radiators. © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Aluminum coatings

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