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Experimental Investigations of Liquid Immersion Cooling for 18650 Lithium-Ion Battery Pack Under Fast Charging Conditions

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Li, Yang Bai, Minli Zhou, Zhifu Wu, Wei-Tao Lv, Jizu Gao, Linsong Huang, Heng Li, Yulong Li, Yubai Song, Yongchen Key Laboratory of Ocean Energy Utilization and Energy Conservation of Ministry of Education Dalian University of Technology Dalian116023 China State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi’an710049 China School of Mechanical Engineering Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing210094 China

In this study, a novel battery thermal management system (BTMS) based on FS49 is proposed and tested for cooling the cylindrical lithium-ion battery (LIB) module under fast charging conditions. Firstly, the temperature response of the battery module under 3 C rate charging with forced air cooling (FAC) and liquid immersion cooling (LIC) is compared. The results indicate that the LIC has excellent heat dissipation performance, and the peak temperature and peak temperature difference of the module are reduced by 19.6 °C and 8.99 °C, respectively, compared with the FAC, while the cooling energy consumption of LIC is only 40.4% of the FAC. It is found that the LIC embraces advantages of efficient cooling and minimizing the temperature non-uniformity in battery pack. Subsequently, the thermal management performance of the proposed LIC is investigated under conventional C rate discharging and different fast charging schemes. Finally, effect of condenser flow rate and cooling water temperature were investigated. This study demonstrates the application prospect of the LIC in the field of LIB fast charging. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Lithium-ion batteries

Oxidation of Typical Zr-1nb Alloy in High-Temperature Air Under 700–900 °C

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Jiang, Guanyu Xu, Donghai Liu, Lu Ding, Xin Kuang, Wenjun Wang, Mingjun Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science & Engineering Ministry of Education School of Energy and Power Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University Shaanxi Province Xi’an710049 China School of Materials Science and Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University Shaanxi Province Xi’an710049 China State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Department of Nuclear Science and Technology Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi’an China

m-ZrO2 is always the dominant phase, while oxide shapes, the integrity and roughness of oxide films share evident differences. At 900 °C, M5 alloy exhibits kinetics transition and breakaway oxidation at approximately 80 min. The pre-transition oxidation follows a parabola kinetics with the rate exponent n being 1.65. The presence of ZrO and ZrO0.35 sub-oxides accounts for the high reaction activation energy (149.6 kJ/mol). During the kinetics transition, some intergranular cracks turn transgranular, and pores distribute on the oxide layer and O/M interface. Air ingress through the oxide layer is jointly affected by air transport and ion diffusion. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Oxidation

Driving with Clean Footprint: Biodiesel Application and Sustainable Development of the Transportation Sector in China

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Chen, Chuangbin Deng, Chenchen Zhang, Bo Yang, Song Centre for Southeast Asia Studies Shantou University Guangdong Shantou City515063 China Jinhe Center for Economic Research Xi’an Jiaotong University Xianning West Road Shaanxi Xi’an710049 China State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Shaanxi 710049 China

The advancement of global endeavors to mitigate climate change significantly hinges upon developments within China's transportation sector. This study presents a pioneering examination of the pivotal role of biodiesel as a renewable energy source, accentuating its substantial contributions to China's ambitious objectives of attaining carbon neutrality and reaching the peak of carbon dioxide emissions. Employing the Long-range Energy Alternative Planning System, we formulate five distinct scenarios encompassing the prevailing trend, the promotion of B5 (5% biodiesel blend) and B10 (10% biodiesel blend), China's existing policy framework, policies embraced by the European Union, as well as alternative biofuels. Our analysis reveals that all scenarios exhibit varying degrees of CO2 emissions reduction by the year 2040. The third scenario, driven by China's informal environmental participation, tax incentives, and supportive policies, yields noteworthy outcomes, albeit less substantial in comparison to the EU policy scenario. The B5-B10 scenario presents a more significant reduction in CO2 emissions, although it proves to be less effective in addressing other pollutant emissions in contrast to the alternative biofuel scenario. Furthermore, the adoption of B5-B10 fuels also carries significant economic advantages, with projected emissions reductions amounting to 1.17 trillion yuan (approximately 0.17 trillion dollars) by 2030. Overall, our findings underscore the global implications of China’s low-carbon transportation strategy. The mutually advantageous interactions between formal environmental policies, informal public engagement, and lessons derived from the European Union's policies collectively shape the sustainable development of China's transportation sector. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Sustainable development

Synthesis of Fe3o4@Sio2@C/Ni Microspheres for Enhanced Electromagnetic Wave Absorption

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Zhang, Jingyun Jia, Zhen Lv, Fanglin Hou, Yunxi Liu, Jianfeng Yu, Shitao Jiang, Long Liu, Yue Liu, Shiwei Li, Lu Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow Reaction and Separation Engineering of Shandong Province State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-chemical Engineering College of Chemical Engineering Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao266042 China AVIC Research Institute for Special Structures of Aeronautical Composites 19 Jiqi Road Jinan250000 China Qingdao University of Science and Technology China

With the rapid development of electromagnetic technology and radar, military stealth technology was an important indicator to measure the country's military, and wave-absorbing materials had emerged. In this paper, the absorbing material with a bilayer core-shell structure of Fe3O4@SiO2@C/Ni was prepared and characterized for its structure, composition electromagnetic, etc. The analysis showed that the double-layer core-shell structure was clearly visible and had excellent electromagnetic properties. By varying the thickness of carbon layer and SiO2 layer, the absorption performance of the prepared samples could be adjusted to achieve the best impedance matching. The sample had a minimum reflection loss of-38.5 dB and a maximum effective bandwidth of 7 GHz when its thickness was 4.5 mm, making it a promising choice for absorbing material applications. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Magnetite

Validation of Lead-Bismuth Thermal Hydraulic Facilities Based on Modified Relap5

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Zhang, Yixin Zhang, Jiaxin Wang, Chenglong Tian, Wenxi Qiu, Suizheng Su, G.H. Department of Nuclear Science and Technology State Key Lab. of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Shaanxi Key Lab. of Advanced Nuclear Energy and Technology Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi'An710049 China

On the basis of not affecting the original computing power of RELAP5, the physical properties of lead and bismuth are added and verified. The important content of this paper is to use the modified RELAP5 to simulate the transient operating conditions carried out on the three lead-bismuth eutectic experimental devices of NACIE, TALL and NCCL, and compare it with the experimental data. The results show that the temperature error of the heating section of the NACIE facility under transient power conditions is within 7%. The error between the calculated value and the experimental value of the final core temperature under each working condition of the TALL facility is within 5%. The temperature simulation error of the experimental section of the NCCL circular tube heat transfer test is within 4%. The research in this paper can provide data and verification support for the development of the lead-bismuth fast reactor project. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Fast reactors

Optimizing Interfacial Environment of Triphasic Zno-Cu-Zro2 Confined Inside Mesoporous Silica Spheres for Enhancing Co2 Hydrogenation to Methanol

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Chen, Changwei Kosari, Mohammadreza Xi, Shibo Lim, Alvin M.H. He, Chi Zeng, Hua Chun Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Faculty of Engineering National University of Singapore 10 Kent Ridge Crescent 119260 Singapore State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering School of Energy and Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Shaanxi Xi'An710049 China 1 Pesek Road Jurong Island 627833 Singapore

Herein, the well-known ternary Cu 0 -ZnO-ZrO 2 (CZZ) was spatially sequestered as fine, uniformly-dispersed optimized active interfaces onto an engineered mesoporous silica sphere (MSS), giving rise to Cu 0 -ZnO-ZrO 2 /MSS (CZZ-MSS) with confined binary Cu 0 -ZnO/Cu 0 -ZrO 2 and ternary interfaces that fostered methanol production under moderate conditions. By systematically investigating the CZZ-MSS performance. Besides, the strong metal-support interaction arising from interacting metallic Cu and metal oxides (ZnO and ZrO 2 ) within the confined, ultrasmall nanoparticles ( © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Zinc oxide

Capillary Limit of a Sodium Screen-Wick Heat Pipe

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Ma, Yugao Wang, Xueqing Yu, Hongxing Huang, Shanfang Zhang, Yingnan Huang, Jian Su, Guanghui Deng, Jian Chai, Xiaoming Hu, Wenzhen School of Nuclear Science and Technology Xi’an Jiaotong University Shanxi Xi’an710049 China Science and Technology on Reactor System Design Technology Laboratory Nuclear Power Institute of China Chengdu610213 China Department of Engineering Physics Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering China

High-temperature alkali-metal heat pipes are passive heat transfer devices, where the capillary pressure created by the menisci in the wick pumps the condensed fluid back to the evaporator. Thus, the heat pipe heat transfer capacity is limited by the maximum capillary pressure at high heat fluxes. This work presents a two-dimensional heat and mass transfer model that includes the capillary and gravitational forces that are used to predict the capillary limit which is then validated by experimental data. The predicted critical heat flux temperature has an error of less than 20℃ and a relative error of 6%. The predicted transient sequences are consistent with the measurements. The model shows that capillary limit is affected by inclination angle, heat flux, and wick structure. For inclinations, the critical heat flux at the capillary limit is linearly related to the inclination angle with the predicted temperature rising 2 ~10℃/s during the early stage of the capillary limit critical heat flux condition. The evaporator temperature oscillates before the capillary limit with positive inclinations. For heat fluxes, increasing the heat flux by 17% increases the temperature increase rate 10 fold with a longer dryout length. The evaporator exhibits hysteresis after the capillary limit due to partial dryout of evaporator. For wick structures, reducing the mesh screen pitch from 80 μm to 15 μm reduces the critical heat flux to 10% of the CHF at 80 μm. This model can accurately predict the heat pipe temperature variations at the capillary limit and can explain the physical mechanisms for the dryout oscillations and recovery hysteresis at the capillary limit. Thus, the measurements and model provide analytical guidelines for designing heat pipe cooling systems. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Heat flux

Influence of Salts on Morphology of Structures in Surfactant-Polymer Solutions Explored by Coarse Grained Dynamic Simulation

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Influence of Salts on Morphology of Structures in Surfactant...

作者： Liu, Dongjie Liu, Fei Zhou, Wenjing Chen, Fei Wei, Jinjia State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an710049 China School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an710049 China

In this study, a coarse-grained molecular dynamic simulation was employed to test the influence of salts in morphology of structures in surfactant-polymer solutions. The surfactant was cetyltrimethyl ammonium chloride (CTAC) and the polymer was polyacrylamide (PAM). Six different salt concentrations were studied in the mixed surfactant-polymer solutions, and pure surfactant solutions with salts were also tested as control groups. By analyzing the shapes of micelles and the CTA+ aggregation number of micelles, we noted that the proper salt concentration can facilitate the formation of large micelles. In too high or too low salt concentration solutions only spherical or short rodlike micelles exist. The existence of PAM can also facilitate the formation of large micelles because polymers act as "bridges" and increase the probability of touch and coalescence of micelles. © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020.

关键词： Morphology

Photoactive decontamination and reuse of face masks

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e-Prime - Advances in Electrical engineering, Electronics and Energy 2023年 4卷

作者： You, Dingzhang Liu, Qingyuan Wang, Lin Wang, Kaiying Liu, Guohua Beijing Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow and Heat Transfer for Low Grade Energy Utilization North China Electric Power University Beijing 102206 China Department of Microsystems University of South-Eastern Norway Horten 3184 Norway

The corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has led to global shortages in disposable respirators. Increasing the recycling rate of masks is a direct, low-cost strategy to mitigate COVID-19 transmission. Photoactive decontamination of used masks attracts great attention due to its fast response, remarkable virus inactivation effect and full protection integrity. Here, we review state-of-the-art situation of photoactive decontamination. The basic mechanism of photoactive decontamination is firstly discussed in terms of ultraviolet, photothermal or photocatalytic properties. Among which, ultraviolet radiation damages DNA and RNA to inactivate viruses and microorganisms, and photothermal method damages them by destroying proteins, while photocatalysis kills them by destroying the structure. The practical applications of photoactive decontamination strategies are then fully reviewed, including ultraviolet germicidal irradiation, and unconventional masks made of functional nanomaterials with photothermal or photocatalytic properties. Their performance requirements are elaborated together with the advantages of long-term recycle use. Finally, we put forward challenges and prospects for further development of photoactive decontamination technology. © 2023 The Author(s)

关键词： COVID-19 Decontamination Face masks Photocatalysis Photothermal