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SSRN 2022年

作者： Guo, Juncai Liu, Jin Wan, Yao Zhao, Yanjie Li, Li Liu, Kui Klein, Jacques Bissyandé, Tegawendé F. School of Computer Science Wuhan University Wuhan China Key Laboratory of Network Assessment Technology Institute of Information Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China School of Computer Science and Technology Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China Faculty of Information Technology Monash University VIC Australia Huawei Software Engineering Application Technology Lab Hangzhou China SnT Centre University of Luxembourg 1855 Luxembourg

Code comment generation, which aims to describe the functionality of source code in natural language, plays an important role in automatic software development. Currently, several structural neural networks have been exploited to preserve the syntax structure of source code based on Abstract Syntax Trees (ASTs). However, they can not well capture both the long-distance and local relations between nodes while retaining the overall structural information of AST. To mitigate this problem, we present to the community a prototype tool called PYSCRIBE, which expands the Transformer model to a new encoder-decoder architecture to incorporate triplet positions into the node-level and edge-level features of AST towards automatically generating comments for Python code. To the best of our knowledge, this paper makes the first attempt to consider the edges of AST as an explicit component for better code representation, as to generate higher qualified comments. By specifying triplet positions for each node and edge, the overall structural information can be well preserved in the learning process. In the decoder, we perform a two-stage decoding process over the extracted node and edge features to generate comments. To evaluate the effectiveness of PYSCRIBE, we resort to a large dataset of code-comment pairs by mining Jupyter notebooks from GitHub, for which we have made it publicly available to support further studies. The evaluation results show that PYSCRIBE is indeed effective, outperforming the state-of-the-art by achieving an average BLEU score (i.e., av-BLEU) of ≈0.28. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Large dataset

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An Incentive Mechanism Considering Privacy Metric for Personalized application

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IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics 2025年

作者： Xie, Yun Li, Peng Zhang, Jindan Attar, Razaz Waheeb Arya, Varsha Gupta, Brij B. Nanjing Vocational College of Information Technology Jiangsu Province Service Customization Network Application Engineering Research Center Jiangsu Province Service Customization Network Application Engineering Research Center Nanjing210023 China Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications School of Computer Science Nanjing210023 China Jiangsu High Technology Research Key Laboratory for Wireless Sensor Networks Nanjing210023 China Xianyang Polytechnic Institute China Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University College of Business Administration Management Department Riyadh11671 Saudi Arabia Hong Kong Metropolitan University Hong Kong Hong Kong Center for Interdisciplinary Research Dehradun India Asia University Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering Taichung413 Taiwan China Medical University Hospital China Medical University Department of Medical Research Taichung Taiwan Pune India Korea University School of Cybersecurity Seoul Korea Republic of Kyung Hee University Kyungheedae-ro Seoul26 Korea Republic of

Edge-based federated learning (EFL) is a solution for personalized applications. It addresses the limitations of cloud-based consumer service systems, such as data privacy and network latency. To further enhance the EFL system’s ability to protect data privacy, differential privacy (DP) is introduced. It is crucial to motivate high-quality collaboration among participants for optimal performance of the DP-EFL system. Researchers primarily focus on efficient learning algorithms, optimized resource scheduling, and user-oriented incentive mechanisms. Existing research exhibits notable limitations in modeling and analyzing the heterogeneity of resource costs (e.g., communication costs), particularly failing to comprehensively account for the additional costs imposed by participants’ privacy protection mechanisms‌. To address this gap, we propose a novel market transaction model based on Stackelberg game theory. This framework integrates incentive-driven reward allocation mechanisms to rigorously investigate the collaborative behaviors and strategic interactions between edge nodes (ENs) and the cloud server (CS)‌. We incorporate privacy costs into the multidimensional costs of participants with privacy metric, and based on this, derived collaboration strategies between ENs and CS, thus solving the Stackelberg game problem by theoretical analysis. Furthermore, numerical experiments validated the rationality of our proposed model, the impact of strategies on the performance of collaborators, and the advantages over other incentive mechanisms. © 2025 IEEE. All rights reserved.

关键词： Federated learning

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Climatic and Biotic Controls of Evapotranspiration Across Grassland Ecosystems on Tibetan Plateau

SSRN

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Peng, Siyuan Yang, Yue Luo, Dengnan Zeng, Xiang Liang, Minqi Tao, Long Zhang, Guangru Li, Pan Liao, Weijie Guo, Qun Cao, Ruochen Li, Yuzhe Zhang, Weirong Hu, Zhongmin School of Geography South China Normal University Shipai Campus Guangzhou510631 China Hainan Baoting Tropical Rainforest Ecosystem Observation and Research Station Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation School of Ecology and Environment Hainan University Haikou570228 China Center for Eco-Environment Restoration Engineering of Hainan Province Hainan University Haikou570228 China Facility of Geographical Science Beijing Normal University Beijing100875 China Zhuhai Branch of State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology Beijing Normal University Zhuhai519087 China School of Atmospheric Sciences Guangdong Province Data Center of Terrestrial and Marine Ecosystems Carbon Cycle Sun Yat-sen University Guangdong Zhuhai510245 China Key Lab of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100101 China College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing101408 China International Institute for Earth System Sciences Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application Nanjing University Jiangsu210023 China Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science and Technology Key Laboratory for Land Satellite Remote Sensing Applications of Ministry of Natural Resources School of Geography and Ocean Science Nanjing University Jiangsu210023 China Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China

Understanding the spatial variations of evapotranspiration (ET) and its components on Tibetan Plateau (TP) is pivotal for grasping the regional water cycle and energy balance dynamics. Yet it is unclear how the changes of the intricate synergy among diverse environment factors significantly impacts the patterns of ET and its transformation state. Addressing this gap, this study employed observational data from 14 sites, utilizing the Shuttleworth-Wallace-Hu (SWH) model to investigate the spatial relationships between ET, its components, and influencing factors. Model parameters of SWH were optimized by Monte Carlo method, achieving a commendable simulation performance with a mean R2 value of 0.75. Our analysis reveals that in alpine meadow, the ratio of transpiration (T) to ET (T/ET) is generally higher (0.55) compared to alpine steppe (0.39). The T/ET values for hover around or below 0.5, indicating a balanced contribution of various ET components. Spatially, both PPT and LAI have an impact on ET and T/ET. PPT emerges as the primary driver of interannual spatial variations in ET, while LAI plays a crucial role in regulating T/ET. Our results further demonstrate that a transition from water-dominated to energy-dominated systems in TP grassland ecosystem at an approximately aridity index of 0.73. This is noteworthy considering the general application of an aridity index of 0.65 to delineate arid from humid regions. It implies that TP grasslands, within the 0.65-0.73 range, remain primarily water-driven. This insight holds substantial implications for comprehending water-energy dynamics in similar ecosystems, challenging the conventional binary categorization of arid and humid areas. Such findings are of immense significance in enhancing understanding of the intricate interactions of the water cycle between land and the atmosphere. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Water supply

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Climatic and Biotic Controls of Evapotranspiration Across Grassland Ecosystems on Tibetan Plateau

SSRN

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Peng, Siyuan Yang, Yue Luo, Dengnan Zeng, Xiang Liang, Minqi Tao, Long Zhang, Guangru Li, Pan Liao, Weijie Guo, Qun Cao, Ruochen Li, Yuzhe Zhang, Weirong Hu, Zhongmin School of Geography South China Normal University Shipai Campus Guangzhou510631 China Hainan Baoting Tropical Rainforest Ecosystem Observation and Research Station School of Ecology Hainan University Haikou570228 China Facility of Geographical Science Beijing Normal University Beijing100875 China Zhuhai Branch State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology Beijing Normal University Zhuhai519087 China School of Atmospheric Sciences Guangdong Province Data Center of Terrestrial and Marine Ecosystems Carbon Cycle Sun Yat-sen University Guangdong Zhuhai510245 China Key Lab of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100101 China College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing101408 China International Institute for Earth System Sciences Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application Nanjing University Jiangsu 210023 China Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science and Technology Key Laboratory for Land Satellite Remote Sensing Applications Ministry of Natural Resources School of Geography and Ocean Science Nanjing University Jiangsu 210023 China Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China

Comprehending the spatial variations of evapotranspiration (ET) and its components on Tibetan Plateau (TP) is crucial for grasping the dynamics of the regional water cycle and energy balance. However, the influence of various environmental factors on ET and its components remains unclear. This study addresses this gap by utilizing observational data from 14 sites and employing the Shuttleworth-Wallace-Hu (SWH) model to examine the spatial relationships between ET, its components, and influencing factors. The SWH model parameters were optimized using the Monte Carlo method, achieving a satisfactory simulation performance with an average R2 value of 0.75. Our analysis indicates that in alpine meadow, the ratio of transpiration to ET is generally higher (0.55) compared to alpine steppe (0.39). In terms of spatial distribution, both precipitation and leaf area index significantly impact ET and transpiration. Precipitation emerges as the primary driver of interannual spatial variations in ET, while leaf area index plays a pivotal role in regulating proportion of transpiration. Furthermore, our results reveal a transition from water-dominated to energy-dominated in TP grassland ecosystem at an aridity index of 0.73. This finding is significant as it challenges the common application of an aridity index of 0.65 to distinguish arid from humid regions. It suggests that TP grassland, within the 0.65-0.73 range, remain primarily water-driven. These findings enhance our comprehension of the intricate interactions within the water cycle. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Evapotranspiration

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Climatic and Biotic Controls of Evapotranspiration Across Grassland Ecosystems on the Tibetan Plateau

SSRN

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Peng, Siyuan Yang, Yue Luo, Dengnan Zeng, Xiang Liang, Minqi Tao, Long Zhang, Guangru Li, Pan Liao, Weijie Guo, Qun Cao, Ruochen Li, Yuzhe Zhang, Weirong Hu, Zhongmin School of Geography South China Normal University Shipai Campus Guangzhou510631 China Hainan Baoting Tropical Rainforest Ecosystem Observation and Research Station School of Ecology Hainan University Haikou570228 China Facility of Geographical Science Beijing Normal University Beijing100875 China Zhuhai Branch of State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology Beijing Normal University Zhuhai519087 China School of Atmospheric Sciences Guangdong Province Data Center of Terrestrial and Marine Ecosystems Carbon Cycle Sun Yat-sen University Guangdong Zhuhai510245 China Key Lab of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100101 China College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing101408 China International Institute for Earth System Sciences Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application Nanjing University Jiangsu210023 China Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science and Technology Key Laboratory for Land Satellite Remote Sensing Applications of Ministry of Natural Resources School of Geography and Ocean Science Nanjing University Jiangsu210023 China Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China

Study region: The Tibetan Plateau in China, the Third Pole of the *** focus: Accurate descriptions of spatial variation in evapotranspiration (ET) and its components on the Tibetan Plateau (TP) are crucial for understanding the dynamics of the regional water cycle and energy balance. However, how various environmental factors affect ET and its components remains unclear. This study addresses this gap using observational data from 14 sites and employing the Shuttleworth-Wallace-Hu (SWH) model to examine the spatial relationships between ET, its components, and underlying *** hydrological insights for the region: The SWH model parameters were optimized using the Monte Carlo method, achieving a satisfactory model performance with an average R² of 0.75. The ratio of transpiration to ET was generally higher in alpine meadows (0.55) than alpine steppes (0.39). Across the TP, precipitation and the leaf area index together shaped spatial variation in ET and transpiration. Precipitation emerged as the primary driver of interannual variation in ET, while the leaf area index strongly regulated the proportion of ET accounted for by transpiration. Furthermore, above aridity index values of 0.73, grassland ecosystems transitioned from water to energy. This finding is significant as it challenges the common application of an aridity index value of 0.65 to distinguish arid from humid regions. It suggests that TP grasslands, with an AI of 0.65-0.73, remain primarily water-limited. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Biotic

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Long Text Classification Based on BERT 5

Long Text Classification Based on BERT

引用

5th IEEE Information technology, networking, Electronic and Automation Control Conference, ITNEC 2021

作者： Weijie, DIng Yunyi, Li Jing, Zhang Xuchen, Shen Big-data and Network Security Research Institute Zhejiang Police College Hangzhou310053 China College of Information Engineering Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou310023 China Key Laboratory of Public Security Information Application Based on Big-data Architecture Ministry of Public Security Hangzhou310053 China Zhejiang Police College Department of Investigation Hangzhou310053 China Zhejiang Police College Department of Computer and Information Security Hangzhou310053 China Science and Technology Management Section Hangzhou311203 China

ISBN: (纸本)9781665415989

Existing text classification algorithms generally have limitations in terms of text length and yield poor classification results for long texts. To address this problem, we propose a BERT-based long text classification method. First, we slice the long text and use BERT to encode the sliced clauses to obtain the local semantic information. Second, we use BiLSTM to fuse the local semantic information and adopt the attention mechanism to increase the weight of important clauses in the long text, so as to obtain the global semantic information. Finally, the global semantic information is input to the softmax layer for classification. Experimental results show that the proposed method achieves higher accuracy than commonly used models. © 2021 IEEE.

关键词： Classification (of information)

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UJN-Land: A Large-Scale High-Resolution Parcel of Land of Multi-temporal Dataset with CNN Based Semantic Segmentation Analysis 7th

UJN-Land: A Large-Scale High-Resolution Parcel of Land of Mu...

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7th International Conference on Life System Modeling and Simulation, LSMS 2021, and the 7th International Conference on Intelligent Computing for Sustainable Energy and Environment, ICSEE 2021

作者： Shen, Yuan Wang, Yulin Yang, Shiyong Li, Yan Han, Shiyuan Liu, Zhen Xu, Tao School of Information Science and Engineering University of Jinan Jinan250022 China Highresolution Earth Observation System Shandong Center of Data and Application University of Jinan Jinan250022 China Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Network Based Intelligent Computing University of Jinan Jinan250022 China Shandong Institutes of Industrial Technonlogy Jinan250102 China Land Spatial Data and Remote Sensing Technology Institute of Shandong Province Jinan250002 China

ISBN: (纸本)9789811672125

Semantic segmentation of land in remote sensing images plays an important role in urban management and rural planning, and can provide intelligent analysis for urban development. Convolutional neural network (CNN) based methods have achieved good performance in object detection in computer vision, which benefits from the popularity of large-scale datasets. However, most of segmentation of land dataset were constructed based on various satellite images and samples that lack the number and diversity of existing datasets. These problems have brought challenges to the improvement and application of CNN based land parcel segmentation methods. This paper presented a large-scale high-resolution land dataset based on CNN analysis. More than 200,000 images of 256*256 pixels were obtained from Gaofen satellite images with a spatial resolution of 0.8 m, in which four category samples were manually annotated. In the experiment, three CNN based semantic segmentation methods were used as experimental baseline methods. The experimental results showed that the availability of the UJN-Land dataset is beneficial to the planning and management of cultivated land. © 2021, Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

关键词： Semantic Segmentation

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Learning from noisy labels via dynamic loss thresholding

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2021年

作者： Yang, Hao Jin, Youzhi Li, Ziyin Wang, Deng-Bao Miao, Lei Geng, Xin Zhang, Min-Ling School of Computer Science and Engineering Southeast University Nanjing210096 China Key Laboratory of Computer Network and Information Integration Southeast University Ministry of Education China AI Technology Application Department Huawei Technologies Collaborative Innovation Center of Wireless Communications Technology China

Numerous researches have proved that deep neural networks (DNNs) can fit everything in the end even given data with noisy labels, and result in poor generalization performance. However, recent studies suggest that DNNs tend to gradually memorize the data, moving from correct data to mislabeled data. Inspired by this finding, we propose a novel method named Dynamic Loss Thresholding (DLT). During the training process, DLT records the loss value of each sample and calculates dynamic loss thresholds. Specifically, DLT compares the loss value of each sample with the current loss threshold. Samples with smaller losses can be considered as clean samples with higher probability and vice versa. Then, DLT discards the potentially corrupted labels and further leverages supervised learning techniques. Experiments on CIFAR-10/100 and Clothing1M demonstrate substantial improvements over recent state-of-the-art methods. In addition, we investigate two real-world problems for the first time. Firstly, we propose a novel approach to estimate the noise rates of datasets based on the loss difference between the early and late training stages of DNNs. Secondly, we explore the effect of hard samples (which are difficult to be distinguished) on the process of learning from noisy labels. Copyright © 2021, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Deep neural networks

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Utility maximization for multihop wireless networks employing BATS codes

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2021年

作者： Dong, Yanyan Jin, Sheng Chen, Yanzuo Yang, Shenghao Yin, Hoover H.F. The School of Science and Engineering The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen China Carnegie Mellon University The N-hop Technologies Limited Hong Kong The Institute of Network Coding The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong Shenzhen Key Laboratory of IoT Intelligent Systems and Wireless Network Technology Shenzhen Research Institute of Big Data Shenzhen China

BATS (BATched Sparse) codes are a class of efficient random linear network coding variation that has been studied for multihop wireless networks mostly in scenarios of a single communication flow. Towards sophisticated multi-flow network communications, we formulate a network utility maximization (NUM) problem that jointly optimizes the BATS code parameters of all the flows and network scheduling. The NUM problem adopts a batch-wise packet loss model that can be obtained from the network local statistics without any constraints on packet loss patterns. Moreover, the NUM problem allows a different number of recoded packets to be transmitted for different batches in a flow, which is called adaptive recoding. Due to both the probably nonconcave objective and the BATS code-related variables, the algorithms developed for the existing flow optimization problems cannot be applied directly to solve our NUM problem. We introduce a two-step algorithm to solve our NUM problem, where the first step solves the problem with nonadaptive recoding schemes, and the second step optimizes adaptive recoding hop-by-hop from upstream to downstream in each flow. We perform various numerical evaluations and simulations to verify the effectiveness and efficiency of the algorithm. © 2021, CC BY-NC-ND.

关键词： Packet loss

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Small-sample inferred adaptive recoding for batched network coding

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2021年

作者： Wang, Jie Jia, Zhiyuan Yin, Hoover H.F. Yang, Shenghao School of Science and Engineering Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Shenzhen Hong Kong Institute of Network Coding Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong Hong Kong H.Milton Stewart School of Industrial and Systems Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta United States Shenzhen Key Laboratory of IoT Intelligent Systems and Wireless Network Technology Shenzhen China

Batched network coding is a low-complexity network coding solution to feedbackless multi-hop wireless packet network transmission with packet loss. The data to be transmitted is encoded into batches where each of which consists of a few coded packets. Unlike the traditional forwarding strategy, the intermediate network nodes have to perform recoding, which generates recoded packets by network coding operations restricted within the same batch. Adaptive recoding is a technique to adapt the fluctuation of packet loss by optimizing the number of recoded packets per batch to enhance the throughput. The input rank distribution, which is a piece of information regarding the batches arriving at the node, is required to apply adaptive recoding. However, this distribution is not known in advance in practice as the incoming link's channel condition may change from time to time. On the other hand, to fully utilize the potential of adaptive recoding, we need to have a good estimation of this distribution. In other words, we need to guess this distribution from a few samples so that we can apply adaptive recoding as soon as possible. In this paper, we propose a distributionally robust optimization for adaptive recoding with a small-sample inferred prediction of the input rank distribution. We develop an algorithm to efficiently solve this optimization with the support of theoretical guarantees that our optimization's performance would constitute as a confidence lower bound of the optimal throughput with high probability. Copyright © 2021, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： network coding

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